Reflexiones sobre las prácticas evaluativas con propósitos de función formativa mejorando los procesos pedagógicos en el aula

230 Páginas.La evaluación es una acción pedagógica implícita en la relación entre la enseñanza y el aprendizaje. Las prácticas evaluativas dan cuenta de la calidad de la enseñanza hacia un aprendizaje significativo en los estudiantes. Esta investigación reúne las concepciones que tienen los maestros investigadores sobre la evaluación, sus formas y estilos para desarrollarla, como también desde la teoría, todos los elementos y características de este proceso para una aplicación efectiva en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje dentro del aula. A partir de esto, desde la práctica misma de la evaluación y sus transformaciones, se presenta una propuesta para desarrollar una forma de evaluación que permita valorar en detalle todos los desempeños de los estudiantes y que a largo plazo redundará en mejores resultados en las pruebas externas. Este trabajo se articula en una investigación acción, con enfoque cualitativointerpretativo, ya que busca identificar y reconstruir las competencias evaluativas de los investigadores, que a su vez son participantes, con el fin de interpretar y profundizar en el desarrollo de sus experiencias y prácticas evaluativas, partiendo de su percepción subjetiva hasta llegar a una realidad objetiva que contribuya al mejoramiento del proceso evaluativo en el aula. Con este trabajo se pretende llegar a una evaluación formativa en el aula, con el propósito que las prácticas particulares de los investigadores se hagan extensivas a los demás docentes de la institución; dicha evaluación caracterizada por las etapas inicial o diagnóstica, procesual o durante la marcha, autoevaluativa, coevaluativa y final o sumativa. Además este proceso será complementado a través del fortalecimiento de retroalimentación, tanto de forma como de contenido

Seroprevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in cattle from Sotaquirá, Colombia

Worldwide distributed Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) represents a high risk of infection in most bovine farms, in which it is associated with gastrointestinal, respiratory, and reproductive diseases. The purpose of this research was to establish the seroprevalence and the main risk factors associated with the presentation of BVDV in the municipality of Sotaquirá, Colombia. Samples were taken from 1000 cattle of Holstein, Ayrshire, Jersey, Normande Gyr and Holstein x Gyr. Epidemiological surveys were implemented, reproductive and management variables were taken into consideration. Indirect ELISA was performed to detect specific antibodies against BVDV using the commercial kit SERELISA® BVD p80 Ab Mono Blocking. The overall seroprevalence of antibodies against BVDV was 42.5% (425/1000), where the Gyr breed (59.1% apparent prevalence (AP); 60.3% real prevalence (PR)) and the age group > 4 years (53.0% PA; 54.4% PR) presented the highest seroprevalences. A significant statistical association was found for the breed, age, management practices evaluated and the presentation of PI3 (p ≤ 0.05). Age group > 4 years, Normande breed, presentation of PI3 and grazing lease were established as risk factors associated with BVDV in the herds. These infections are mainly associated with dairy cattle and herds with many animals, so it is important to consider vaccination plans as a preventive system and follow up on the most common diseases

Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with bovine herpesvirus 1 in dairy herds of Colombia

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) is an infectious disease widely distributed globally and is considered the main cause of various reproductive and respiratory tract diseases in cattle and buffaloes. This study aimed to estimate seroprevalence and determine risk factors associated with the presentation of IBR in the municipality of Sotaquirá, Boyacá (Colombia). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study with simple random sampling was performed, and the sample size was 1,000 cattle. Blood samples were obtained by coccygeal venipuncture and processed through indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using the Synbiotics(®) kit (Zoetis, New Jersey, USA) with a sensitivity and specificity of 96% and 98%, respectively. Data were processed using the statistical program EpiInfo(®) (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, Georgia). RESULTS: A high seroprevalence of 57.5% was established. Seroprevalence was the highest in cattle >4 years of age (65.0% apparent seroprevalence [AS]; 67% true seroprevalence [TS]) and in the Holstein breed (65.5% AS; 67.8% TS). The breed and age of the animals were significantly associated with each other. The Holstein breed, age group >4 years, uncertified semen, and fetal death were established as risk factors for IBR. In comparison, the age groups of <1 and 1–2 years and the Normande breed were established as protective factors against the bovine herpesvirus-1 virus. CONCLUSION: Management factors, such as livestock from other owners and animal purchases, which affect disease presentation, are evident. The implementation and development of novel prevention and control measures for IBR at the national level are necessary