Mindless Feeding: Is Maternal Distraction during Bottle-feeding Associated with Overfeeding?

Mindless eating, or eating while distracted by surrounding stimuli, leads to overeating. The present study explored whether “mindless feeding,” or maternal distraction during bottle-feeding, is associated with greater infant formula/milk intakes and lower maternal sensitivity to infant cues. Mothers and their ≤24-week-old bottle-feeding infants (N = 28) visited our laboratory for a video-recorded feeding observation. Infant intake was assessed by weighing bottles before and after the feedings. Maternal sensitivity to infant cues was objectively assessed by behavioral coding of video-records using the Nursing Child Assessment Feeding Scale. Maternal distraction was defined as looking away from the infant \u3e75% of the feeding; using a mobile device; conversing with another adult; or sleeping. Twenty-nine percent (n = 8) of mothers were distracted. While differences in intakes for infants of distracted vs. not distracted mothers did not reach significance (p = 0.24), the association between distraction and infant intake was modified by two dimensions of temperament: orienting/regulation capacity (p = 0.03) and surgency/extraversion (p = 0.04). For infants with low orienting/regulation capacity, infants of distracted mothers consumed more (177.1 ± 33.8 ml) than those of not distracted mothers (92.4 ± 13.8 ml). Similar findings were noted for infants with low surgency/extraversion (distracted: 140.6 ± 22.5 ml; not distracted: 78.4 ± 14.3 ml). No association between distraction and intake was seen for infants with high orienting/regulation capacity or surgency/extraversion. A significantly greater proportion of distracted mothers showed low sensitivity to infant cues compared to not distracted mothers (p = 0.04). In sum, mindless feeding may interact with infant characteristics to influence feeding outcomes; further experimental and longitudinal studies are needed

4-(1H-Benzimidazol-2-ylmeth­oxy)-3-meth­oxy­benzaldehyde tetra­hydrate

In the title compound, C16H14N2O3·4H2O, the dihedral angle between the mean planes of the benzimidazole ring system and benzene ring is 2.9 (1)°. The aldehyde group is disordered over two sets of sites with refined occupancies of 0.559 (4) and 0.441 (4). In the crystal, extensive inter­molecular O—H⋯O, O—H⋯N and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds in concert with weak π–π stacking inter­actions [centroid–centroid distances = 3.6104 (9), 3.6288 (9) and 3.9167 (10) Å] create a three-dimensional network

Ethyl 2-amino-4,6-bis­(4-fluoro­phen­yl)cyclo­hexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxyl­ate

In the title compound, C21H19F2NO2, the cyclo­hexa-1,3-diene ring is in a distorted envelope conformation. The dihedral angles between the mean planes of the diene moiety and the two fluoro­phenyl rings are 42.8 (2) and 75.0 (5)°. The two fluoro­phenyl rings are inclined to one another by 87.0 (3)°. In the crystal, intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and weak N—H⋯O and N—H⋯F inter­molecular inter­actions are observed forming an infinite two-dimensional network along [011]

(2E)-1-(2,6-Dichloro-3-fluoro­phen­yl)-3-(4-meth­oxy­phen­yl)prop-2-en-1-one

There are two independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C16H11Cl2FO2. The F atom equally populates both meta positions of the 6-dichloro-3-fluoro­phenyl ring in each mol­ecule, resulting in 0.5 occupancy for both the F and H atoms in these positions. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the benzene rings are 77.5 (2) and 89.8 (8)°in the two mol­ecules. In the crystal, weak C—H⋯F and C—H⋯O inter­actions involving the half-occupied H and F atoms are observed. Weak π–π stacking inter­actions [centroid—centroid distance = 3.150 (2) Å] also contribute to the crystal stability

N-(3-Chloro-4-fluoro­phen­yl)-2-(naphthalen-1-yl)acetamide

In the title compound, C18H13ClFNO, the dihedral angle between the mean planes of the chloro- and fluoro-substituted benzene ring and the naphthalene ring system is 60.5 (8)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a zigzag chain along [101]

(2E)-1-(3,4-Dichloro­phen­yl)-3-(2-hy­droxy­phen­yl)prop-2-en-1-one

In the title compound, C15H10Cl2O2, the dihedral angle between the mean planes of the two benzene rings is 7.7 (6)°. The crystal packing is influenced by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which form chains along [010]. Weak π–π stacking inter­actions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.6697 (13) Å] are observed, which may contribute to the crystal packing stability

Health and Economic Burden of Post-Partum Staphylococcus aureus Breast Abscess

Objectives: To determine the health and economic burdens of post-partum Staphylococcus aureus breast abscess. Study design We conducted a matched cohort study (N = 216) in a population of pregnant women (N = 32,770) who delivered at our center during the study period from 10/1/03–9/30/10. Data were extracted from hospital databases, or via chart review if unavailable electronically. We compared cases of S. aureus breast abscess to controls matched by delivery date to compare health services utilization and mean attributable medical costs in 2012 United States dollars using Medicare and hospital-based estimates. We also evaluated whether resource utilization and health care costs differed between cases with methicillin-resistant and -susceptible S. aureus isolates. Results: Fifty-four cases of culture-confirmed post-partum S. aureus breast abscess were identified. Breastfeeding cessation (41%), milk fistula (11.1%) and hospital readmission (50%) occurred frequently among case patients. Breast abscess case patients had high rates of health services utilization compared to controls, including high rates of imaging and drainage procedures. The mean attributable cost of post-partum S. aureus breast abscess ranged from $2,340–$4,012, depending on the methods and data sources used. Mean attributable costs were not significantly higher among methicillin-resistant vs. –susceptible S. aureus cases. Conclusions: Post-partum S. aureus breast abscess is associated with worse health and economic outcomes for women and their infants, including high rates of breastfeeding cessation. Future study is needed to determine the optimal treatment and prevention of these infections

4-(4-Chloro­phen­yl)-4-hy­droxy­piperidinium benzoate

In the title salt, C11H15ClNO+·C7H5O2 −, the dihedral angle between the mean planes of the chloro­phenyl ring of the cation and the benzene ring of the anion is 74.4 (1)°. In the cation, the six-membered piperazine ring adopts a chair conformation. The crystal packing is stabilized by inter­molecular N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, and weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O, C—H⋯Cl and C—H⋯π inter­actions

Methyl 3,5-dibromo-2-diacetyl­amino­benzoate

The title methyl benzoate compound, C12H11Br2NO4, consists of an ortho-substituted diacetyl­amino group and meta-substituted Br atoms. The crystal packing is stabilized by weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions

1,3-Bis(biphenyl-4-yl)-2,2-dibromo-3-oxopropyl acetate

In the title compound, C29H22Br2O3, the dihedral angles between the mean planes of the benzene rings within each biphenyl group are 26.7 (8) and 30.9 (8)°. The mean planes of the terminal and inner benzene rings of the biphenyl groups bonded through a propan-1-one group in the V-shaped mol­ecule are oriented at angles of 66.1 (7) and 60.0 (8)°, respectively. The two Br atoms are opposite the propen-1-one group. Weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π inter­actions are observed in the crystal structure