Abdominal circumference and risk of cardiovascular disease in Doctor's Office 22 . “Aleida Fernández Chardiet” Polyclinic. 2016

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that abdominal obesity is the most important risk factor and the one that best explains the occurrence of a first acute myocardial infarction in Latin American countries. Objective:  To determine the risk of cardiovascular disease by measuring the abdominal circumference in Doctor's Office 22 of "Aleida  Fernández Chardiet” Teaching Polyclinic, La Lisa municipality, Havana, Cuba, in 2016.Material and Methods: An observational descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in people older than 17 years old. The universe of study was composed of 538 persons. Distributions of frequencies, percentage calculations, and the Chi-square test were used. Results: With regard to the value of abdominal circumference, 42,9% of people presented a high risk of cardiovascular disease, which predominated in the male sex (48,0%). Only 16,5% of diabetic patients presented a low risk. The 50,6% of patients with arterial hypertension, and the 45,4% of smokers presented a high risk.  Conclusions: Regarding the evaluation of the abdominal circumference, a high risk of cardiovascular disease was observed in the majority of population studied, especially in the male sex, diabetics, hypertensive patients, and smokers.  A statistically significant relationship was observed in patients with risk of cardiovascular disease due to abdominal obesity and age, sex, Diabetes Mellitus, and arterial hypertension.Keywords: Epidemiology, risk factors, abdominal circumference, cardiovascular disease, primary health care.</p

Novel genes and sex differences in COVID-19 severity

[EN] Here, we describe the results of a genome-wide study conducted in 11 939 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positive cases with an extensive clinical information that were recruited from 34 hospitals across Spain (SCOURGE consortium). In sex-disaggregated genome-wide association studies for COVID-19 hospitalization, genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10−8) was crossed for variants in 3p21.31 and 21q22.11 loci only among males (P = 1.3 × 10−22 and P = 8.1 × 10−12, respectively), and for variants in 9q21.32 near TLE1 only among females (P = 4.4 × 10−8). In a second phase, results were combined with an independent Spanish cohort (1598 COVID-19 cases and 1068 population controls), revealing in the overall analysis two novel risk loci in 9p13.3 and 19q13.12, with fine-mapping prioritized variants functionally associated with AQP3 (P = 2.7 × 10−8) and ARHGAP33 (P = 1.3 × 10−8), respectively. The meta-analysis of both phases with four European studies stratified by sex from the Host Genetics Initiative (HGI) confirmed the association of the 3p21.31 and 21q22.11 loci predominantly in males and replicated a recently reported variant in 11p13 (ELF5, P = 4.1 × 10−8). Six of the COVID-19 HGI discovered loci were replicated and an HGI-based genetic risk score predicted the severity strata in SCOURGE. We also found more SNP-heritability and larger heritability differences by age (<60 or ≥60 years) among males than among females. Parallel genome-wide screening of inbreeding depression in SCOURGE also showed an effect of homozygosity in COVID-19 hospitalization and severity and this effect was stronger among older males. In summary, new candidate genes for COVID-19 severity and evidence supporting genetic disparities among sexes are provided.S

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Efectos de las pautas de crianza sobre los roles de la violencia escolar

The study of parenting guidelines is a subject of constant interest, as it provides evidence of the importance of the family in the prevention of violence at school. The main objective was to analyze the influences of parenting patterns (democratic, authoritarian, negligent and permissive) on school violence. In addition, the Parenting Guidelines Inventory was validated for Colombia. The sample was probabilistic and consisted of 490 students, aged between 10 and 20 years (M = 13.62; SD = 1.86), 52.4% male students. Evidence of content and construct validity was obtained for the IPC inventory; finally, a structural equation model was analyzed. The results suggest that the aggressor role is determined by predominantly undemocratic parenting patterns. The role of victimization is explained by exposure to an authoritarian and undemocratic pattern; the role of victimization is explained by authoritarian and undemocratic guidelines. Optimal psychometric properties of the IPC inventory were found. The conclusions suggest promoting and strengthening democratic parenting guidelines in parents and reducing the presence of authoritarian and negligent guidelines.El estudio de las pautas de crianza es tema de constante interés, pues permite evidenciar la importancia de la familia en la prevención de la violencia en la escuela. El objetivo principal fue analizar las influencias de las pautas de crianza (democrática, autoritaria, negligente y permisiva) sobre la violencia escolar. Además, se validó para Colombia el Inventario de Pautas de Crianza. La muestra fue probabilística y estuvo conformada por 490 estudiantes, con edades entre 10 y 20 años (M = 13.62; DT = 1.86), 52.4% estudiantes masculinos. Se obtuvieron evidencias de validez de contenido y de constructo del inventario IPC; finalmente se analizó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados sugieren que el rol de agresor está determinado por las pautas de crianza predominantemente antidemocráticas; el rol de víctima es explicado por la pauta autoritaria y antidemocrática. Se encontraron óptimas propiedades psicométricas del inventario IPC. Las conclusiones sugieren promover y fortalecer en los padres/madres, la pauta de crianza democrática y disminuir la presencia de las pautas autoritaria y negligente

Circunferencia abdominal y riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular. Consultorio 22. Policlínico Docente “Aleida Fernández Chardiet”. 2016

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that abdominal obesity is the most important risk factor and the one that best explains the occurrence of a first acute myocardial infarction in Latin American countries. Objective:  To determine the risk of cardiovascular disease by measuring the abdominal circumference in Doctor's Office 22 of "Aleida  Fernández Chardiet” Teaching Polyclinic, La Lisa municipality, Havana, Cuba, in 2016.Material and Methods: An observational descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in people older than 17 years old. The universe of study was composed of 538 persons. Distributions of frequencies, percentage calculations, and the Chi-square test were used. Results: With regard to the value of abdominal circumference, 42,9% of people presented a high risk of cardiovascular disease, which predominated in the male sex (48,0%). Only 16,5% of diabetic patients presented a low risk. The 50,6% of patients with arterial hypertension, and the 45,4% of smokers presented a high risk.  Conclusions: Regarding the evaluation of the abdominal circumference, a high risk of cardiovascular disease was observed in the majority of population studied, especially in the male sex, diabetics, hypertensive patients, and smokers.  A statistically significant relationship was observed in patients with risk of cardiovascular disease due to abdominal obesity and age, sex, Diabetes Mellitus, and arterial hypertension.Keywords: Epidemiology, risk factors, abdominal circumference, cardiovascular disease, primary health care.Introducción: Estudios epidemiológicos han señalado que la obesidad abdominal es el factor de riesgo más preponderante en los países latinoamericanos y el que mejor explica la ocurrencia de un primer infarto agudo de miocardio.Objetivo: Determinar el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular por la medición de la circunferencia abdominal en el Consultorio 22 del Policlínico Docente “Aleida Fernández Chardiet” del municipio La Lisa, La Habana, Cuba, en 2016.  Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, de corte transversal en personas mayores de 17 años de edad. El universo estuvo constituido por 538 personas. Se utilizaron distribuciones de frecuencias, cálculos porcentuales y el test de Chi Cuadrado.Resultados: De acuerdo con el valor de la circunferencia abdominal, 42,9% de las personas presentó un riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular incrementado. El riesgo incrementado predominó en el sexo masculino (48 %). Solo el 16,5 % de los pacientes diabéticos tuvo un riesgo bajo. El 50,6% de los pacientes con hipertensión arterial y 45,4% de los fumadores presentaron un riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular incrementado.Conclusiones: El riesgo incrementado de enfermedad cardiovascular, según la medida de la circunferencia abdominal, predominó en la mayoría de los pacientes estudiados, fundamentalmente en los pacientes del sexo masculino, los diabéticos, los hipertensos y los fumadores. Se observó una relación estadísticamente significativa entre el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular, encontrado por la obesidad abdominal y la edad, el sexo, la Diabetes Mellitus y la hipertensión arterial.Palabras claves: Epidemiología, factores de riesgo, circunferencia abdominal, enfermedad cardiovascular, atención primaria de salud

Aloanticuerpos contra células sanguíneas en embarazadas nulíparas antes y después de abortos provocados Alloantibodies against blood cells in nuliparous pregnant women before and after induced abortions

Se realizó un estudio prospectivo para conocer la prevalencia de aloinmunización contra células sanguíneas en 80 mujeres jóvenes nulíparas sin antecedentes de transfusiones sanguíneas ni abortos espontáneos, sometidas a un aborto provocado antes de las 12 semanas de gestación. Se determinó la presencia de aloanticuerpos contra antígenos eritrocitarios, leucocitarios y plaquetarios, antes y 6 meses después del aborto. No se detectaron anticuerpos eritrocitarios en ninguno de los casos. Se detectaron anticuerpos contra leucocitos y/o plaquetas en el 30 % de los casos en el estudio inicial y el 38,75 % 6 meses después del aborto. Al caracterizar los anticuerpos de la muestra inicial se determinó que el 79,16 % eran anti HLA y el 20,83 % específicos de granulocitos; en la muestra final el 38,70 % eran anti HLA, el 54,83 % específicos de granulocitos y el 6,45 % específicos de plaquetas. No se encontró relación entre el número de embarazos y la presencia de aloanticuerpos.<br>A prospective study was undertaken to know the prevalence of alloimmunization against blood cells in 80 young nuliparous females with neither history of blood transfussion nor miscarriages that were subjected to induced abortion before the 12 weeks of gestation. The presence of alloantibodies against erythrocytary, leukocitary and platelet antigens was determined before and 6 months after abortion. No erythrocytary antibodies were detected in any of the cases. Antibodies against leukocytes and/or platelets were found in 30 % of the cases in the initial study, and in 38.75 % 6 months after abortion. On characterizing the antibodies of the initial sample, it was observed that 79.16 % were anti-HLA and 20.83 % were granulocyte-specific. In the final sample, 38.70 % were anti-HLA, 54.83 % granulocyte-specific and 6.45 % platelet-specific. No relation was found between the number of pregnancies and the presence of alloantibodies

Experiencias de agroforestería en México

Cuadernillo especializado en actividades de agroforestería y ciencias ligadas a la naturaleza,El presente trabajo es una colección de los Cuadernos de Divulgación Ambiental, que constituyen un acercamiento inicial a tópicos ambientales de nuestro tiempo, abordados con una visión amplia y considerando diferentes ópticas. Con rigor académico, pretenden contribuir al conocimiento y la difusión de situaciones y problemáticas socio-ambientales, así como al entendimiento de sus dilemas, retos y oportunidades.Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (Semarnat

Diversidad biológica y cultural del sur de la Amazonia colombiana

La gran cuenca amazónica compartida por Brasil, Colombia, Perú, Bolivia, Venezuela, Ecuador y las tres Guyanas, contiene una de las mayores riquezas biológicas y culturales del planeta y es considerada parte de la seguridad ecológica global. Constituye el 45% de los bosques tropicales del mundo, es una de las áreas silvestres más extensas y de mayor reserva de agua dulce del planeta, su sistema hídrico es el mayor tributario de todos los océanos, alberga aún, cerca de 379 grupos étnicos y en cuanto a endemismo, no existe otra región que se le aproxime. En Colombia, la Amazonia a lo largo de la historia ha sufrido distintos procesos de intervención antrópica: la conquista; la colonización; el auge del caucho y la quina; la explotación maderera, petrolera; la implementación de cultivos de uso ilícito y de sistemas productivos no aptos a las condiciones del medio natural; entre otros, son procesos que han socavado tanto los recursos biológicos como los culturales. Conscientes de la problemática actual de la Amazonia así como de la importancia que reviste para el mundo y para el país, la Corporación para el Desarrollo Sostenible del Sur de la Amazonia –Corpoamazonia– y el Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt –IAvH-, firmaron en el año 2004 un convenio con el n de aunar esfuerzos para formular el plan de acción en biodiversidad en la región sur de la Amazonia colombiana (departamentos de Caquetá, Putumayo y Amazonas). El plan de acción, busca posicionar la biodiversidad en el desarrollo regional y contribuir a un mayor conocimiento y a unas mejores prácticas de conservación y utilización sostenible de los recursos biológicos y culturales de este importante espacio geográfico. Desarrolla a escala regional, la Política Nacional en Biodiversidad y la Propuesta Técnica de Plan de Acción Nacional en Biodiversidad – Biodiversidad siglo XXI -

Embracing Transculturalism and Footnoting Islam in Accounts of Arab Migration to Cuba

This essay traces the development of Cuban analyses of Arab migration to the island from the 1500s to the present. It examines whether there is a specifically ‘Cuban’ school of ‘migration studies’, analysing the nature and implications of Ortiz's concept of transculturation underpinning the postcolonial development of ‘Cuban national identity’. It further argues that, despite official Cuban claims regarding post-revolutionary racial equality, Arab migration has not only been historically and politically marginalized in accounts of the development of ‘Cuban identity’, including in Ortiz's own work, but diverse ‘waves’ of Arab migration to the island have been characterized by what I refer to, following Derrida, as the accumulative ‘footnoting of Islam’. In conclusion, I argue that Muslim Arab immigration prior to the Cuban Revolution has been entirely overshadowed by a systematic focus on Christian Arabs, in effect leading to the category ‘Arab’ being practically synonymous with ‘Christian’ or ‘Maronite’, with wide-ranging implications for our understanding of Cuba's academic and political discourses regarding national identity in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries

Novel genes and sex differences in COVID-19 severity.

Here we describe the results of a genome-wide study conducted in 11 939 COVID-19 positive cases with an extensive clinical information that were recruited from 34 hospitals across Spain (SCOURGE consortium). In sex-disaggregated genome-wide association studies for COVID-19 hospitalization, genome-wide significance (p < 5x10-8) was crossed for variants in 3p21.31 and 21q22.11 loci only among males (p = 1.3x10-22 and p = 8.1x10-12, respectively), and for variants in 9q21.32 near TLE1 only among females (p = 4.4x10-8). In a second phase, results were combined with an independent Spanish cohort (1598 COVID-19 cases and 1068 population controls), revealing in the overall analysis two novel risk loci in 9p13.3 and 19q13.12, with fine-mapping prioritized variants functionally associated with AQP3 (p = 2.7x10-8) and ARHGAP33 (p = 1.3x10-8), respectively. The meta-analysis of both phases with four European studies stratified by sex from the Host Genetics Initiative confirmed the association of the 3p21.31 and 21q22.11 loci predominantly in males and replicated a recently reported variant in 11p13 (ELF5, p = 4.1x10-8). Six of the COVID-19 HGI discovered loci were replicated and an HGI-based genetic risk score predicted the severity strata in SCOURGE. We also found more SNP-heritability and larger heritability differences by age (<60 or ≥ 60 years) among males than among females. Parallel genome-wide screening of inbreeding depression in SCOURGE also showed an effect of homozygosity in COVID-19 hospitalization and severity and this effect was stronger among older males. In summary, new candidate genes for COVID-19 severity and evidence supporting genetic disparities among sexes are provided