The effect of women’s participation in labour market on postponement of childbearing: a comparison between Italy and Hungary

This paper analyses the effect of the increasing female participation in the labour market onthe transition to first childbirth. In this analysis both the ge nerational and the regional perspective are taken into account to understand, how postponement behaviour is spreading from one region to the other and from one generation to the next. The analysis is based on the first wave of the Generations and Gender Survey of Italy and Hungary. It adopts a multilevel event history model to focus on the micro-level relationship between the transition to adulthood and reproductive behaviour, to understand the empirical importance of macro-level factors related to regional socio-economic and cultural differences and to indicate differences in micro-level relationships among people of different family, socio-economic, and educational backgrounds. The results of the model shows that the delayed entry into labour market has a significant negative effect on the probability of having a child. This effect remains significant also controlling for generations, regional heterogeneity and increasing of female participation

On the Sampling Size for Inverse Sampling

In the Big Data era, sampling remains a central theme. This paper investigates the characteristics of inverse sampling on two different datasets (real and simulated) to determine when big data become too small for inverse sampling to be used and to examine the impact of the sampling rate of the subsamples. We find that the method, using the appropriate subsample size for both the mean and proportion parameters, performs well with a smaller dataset than big data through the simulation study and real-data application. Different settings related to the selection bias severity are considered during the simulation study and real application

Does The Gender Pay Gap Really Exist? A Case Study Of University of Palermo Graduates

“Reducing the wage disparity between women and men, at all levels of employment, down to a 1% difference” is one of the main goals of Italy’s Strategic Sustainability Plan for 2024-2026. The wage disparity, also known as gender pay gap (GPG) encompasses more than just pay discrimination, reflecting broader issues like sectoral segregation, the unequal distribution of paid and unpaid work, the glass ceiling effect, and direct pay discrimination [1]. The GPG in the EU stands at 10.7% in 2022, with 69.3 % of women across the EU being employed compared to 80% of men [3]. The gender overall earnings gap, which considers hourly earnings, hours worked, and employment rates, is a more comprehensive measure of the pay gap and it was a staggering 36.7% in 2018 [4]. In Italy, the GPG is just around 5%, below both the OECD and European average [5]. However, a more in-depth analysis by the Observatory on Private Sector Employees of the INPS (Italian National Institute of Social Security) showed a stark annual disparity of almost €8,000 between genders in the private sector in 2022 [6]. Graduates’ wages further confirm gender disparity, with men earning about 12.9% more than women five years post-graduation [3]. A significant factor contributing to the GPG is the underrepresentation of women in STEM fields, which are among the most lucrative [2]. This underrepresentation is linked to various factors, including gender differences in math and spatial abilities, women’s undervaluation of their skills, and differences in career preferences [8]. In this paper, we want to single out the effect of gender on the wage considering the influence of the unbalance gender composition in the most remunerative STEM fields. Our hypothesis is that participation in STEM fields can act as a mediator in the relationship between gender and wages. The rationale for considering STEM as a mediating variable is that men might earn more, on average, than women because they are more likely to work in STEM fields, which tend to pay higher wages. Thus, the GPG is not solely a direct effect of discrimination or other gender-based factors but is also mediated by the choice of or access to high-paying STEM careers. To explore this, we use AlmaLaurea data on University of Palermo graduates as a case-study. The role of STEM as a hypothesized mediator that could be affected by the “treatment”, the gender, and could subsequently affect the outcome, the salary, will be assessed decomposing the total effect of the treatment into two components: an ‘‘indirect effect’’ that channels the gender effect through the STEM mediator and a ‘‘direct effect’’ that works directly

Enseñanza de Estadística en un contexto multidisciplinar: una experimentación en un instituto italiano

III Congreso Internacional Virtual de Educación Estadística (CIVEEST), 21-24 febrero de 2019. [www.ugr.es/local/fqm126/civeest.html]This paper describes an experiment performed at a Vocational School in Palermo during the school year 2010-11. It was designed to teach Statistics at the Secondary level following a multidisciplinary approach. The didactic activity involved the mathematics, Italian, English language and science teachers. We adapted materials and methods from the [email protected] E-learning program, which is planned for learning basic mathematics in a middle school, in order to use it for experimentation at a professional school. The assessment of the experimentation is based on teachers’ evaluation of each student’s whole learning process. We compare the learning outcomes of students who participated in the program with others who did not.Este articulo describe un experimento realizado en una Escuela técnica en Palermo durante el año escolar 2010-11. Fue diseñado para enseñar la Estadística en el nivel Secundario con un acercamiento multidisciplinar. La actividad didáctica implicó a los profesores de matemáticas, italiano, inglés y ciencias. Adaptamos materiales y métodos del programa de Enseñanza virtual de [email protected], planificado para aprender matemáticas básicas en una escuela secundaria, para usarlo para la experimentación en una escuela profesional. La evaluación de la experimentación está basada en la evaluación de los profesores del proceso de aprendizaje entero de cada estudiante. Comparamos los resultados de los estudiantes que han participado en el programa con los otros que no han participado

Campioni “diversi”. Un’esperienza didattica sul campionamento

Il lavoro descrive un'esperienza didattica sul campionamento partendo da poesie note in letteratura. Partendo dalle difficoltà di alcuni contenuti da veiocalre durante ula lezione all'Università nel corso di laurea in Statistica, si descrive la grande flessibilità dei contenuti formali fino alla "traduzione" di una composizione poetica in piano di campionamento. L'esito dell'esperienza è stato molto positivo per gli sutdenti che hanno partecipato in modo spontaneo facendo superare brillantemente l'ostacolo del formalismo tipico della materia e del superamento dell'esame di profitto