Fast non-volatile electric control of antiferromagnetic states

Electrical manipulation of antiferromagnetic states, a cornerstone of antiferromagnetic spintronics, is a great challenge, requiring novel material platforms. Here we report the full control over antiferromagnetic states by voltage pulses in the insulating Co$_3$O$_4$ spinel. We show that the strong linear magnetoelectric effect emerging in its antiferromagnetic state is fully governed by the orientation of the N\'eel vector. As a unique feature of Co$_3$O$_4$, the magnetoelectric energy can easily overcome the weak magnetocrystalline anisotropy, thus, the N\'eel vector can be manipulated on demand, either rotated smoothly or reversed suddenly, by combined electric and magnetic fields. We succeed with switching between antiferromagnetic states of opposite N\'eel vectors by voltage pulses within a few microsecond in macroscopic volumes. These observations render quasi-cubic antiferromagnets, like Co$_3$O$_4$, an ideal platform for the ultrafast (pico- to nanosecond) manipulation of microscopic antiferromagnetic domains and may pave the way for the realization of antiferromagnetic spintronic devices.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure

Magnetic avalanche of non-oxide conductive domain walls

Atomically sharp domain walls (DWs) in ferroelectrics are considered as an ideal platform to realize easy-to-reconfigure nanoelectronic building blocks, created, manipulated and erased by external fields. However, conductive DWs have been exclusively observed in oxides, where DW mobility and conductivity is largely influenced by stoichiometry and defects. In contrast, we here report on conductive DWs in the non-oxide ferroelectric GaV$_4$S$_8$, where charge carriers are provided intrinsically by multivalent V$_4$ molecular clusters. We show that this new mechanism gives rise to DWs composed of nanoscale stripes with alternating electron and hole conduction, unimaginable in oxides. By exerting magnetic control on these segments we promote the mobile and effectively 2D DWs into dominating the 3D conductance, triggering abrupt conductance changes as large as eight orders of magnitude. The flexible valency, as origin of these novel hybrid DWs with giant conductivity, demonstrates that non-oxide ferroelectrics can be the source of novel phenomena beyond the realm of oxide electronics.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure

Strain driven conducting domain walls in a Mott insulator

Rewritable nanoelectronics offers new perspectives and potential to both fundamental research and technological applications. Such interest has driven the research focus into conducting domain walls: pseudo 2D conducting channels that can be created, positioned, and deleted in situ. However, the study of conductive domain walls is largely limited to wide-gap ferroelectrics, where the conductivity typically arises from changes in charge carrier density, due to screening charge accumulation at polar discontinuities. This work shows that, in narrow-gap correlated insulators with strong charge lattice coupling, local strain gradients can drive enhanced conductivity at the domain walls, removing polar discontinuities as a criteria for conductivity. By combining different scanning probe microscopy techniques, we demonstrate that the domain wall conductivity in GaV4S8 does not follow the established screening charge model but rather arises from the large surface reconstruction across the Jahn-Teller transition and the associated strain gradients across the domain walls. This mechanism can turn any structural, or even magnetic, domain wall conducting, if the electronic structure of the host is susceptible to local strain gradients, drastically expanding the range of materials and phenomena that may be applicable to domain wall based nanoelectronics

Magnetization reversal through an antiferromagnetic state

Magnetization reversal in ferro- and ferrimagnets is a well-known archetype of non-equilibrium processes, where the volume fractions of the oppositely magnetized domains vary and perfectly compensate each other at the coercive magnetic field. Here, we report on a fundamentally new pathway for magnetization reversal that is mediated by an antiferromagnetic state. Consequently, an atomic-scale compensation of the magnetization is realized at the coercive field, instead of the mesoscopic or macroscopic domain cancellation in canonical reversal processes. We demonstrate this unusual magnetization reversal on the Zn-doped polar magnet Fe2Mo3O8. Hidden behind the conventional ferrimagnetic hysteresis loop, the surprising emergence of the antiferromagnetic phase at the coercive fields is disclosed by a sharp peak in the field-dependence of the electric polarization. In addition, at the magnetization reversal our THz spectroscopy studies reveal the reappearance of the magnon mode that is only present in the pristine antiferromagnetic state. According to our microscopic calculations, this unusual process is governed by the dominant intralayer coupling, strong easy-axis anisotropy and spin fluctuations, which result in a complex interplay between the ferrimagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases. Such antiferro-state-mediated reversal processes offer novel concepts for magnetization control, and may also emerge for other ferroic orders.</p

Redshifted 21-cm bispectrum II: Impact of the spin temperature fluctuations and redshift space distortions on the signal from the Cosmic Dawn

We present a study of the 21-cm signal bispectrum (which quantifies the non-Gaussianity in the signal) from the Cosmic Dawn (CD). For our analysis, we have simulated the 21-cm signal using radiative transfer code GRIZZLY, while considering two types of sources (mini-QSOs and HMXBs) for Ly$\alpha$ coupling and the X-ray heating of the IGM. Using this simulated signal, we have, for the first time, estimated the CD 21-cm bispectra for all unique $k$-triangles and for a range of $k$ modes. We observe that the redshift evolution of the bispectra magnitude and sign follow a generic trend for both source models. However, the redshifts at which the bispectra magnitude reach their maximum and minimum values and show their sign reversal depends on the source model. When the Ly$\alpha$ coupling and the X-ray heating of the IGM occur simultaneously, we observe two consecutive sign reversals in the bispectra for small $k$-triangles (irrespective of the source models). One arising at the beginning of the IGM heating and the other at the end of Ly$\alpha$ coupling saturation. This feature can be used in principle to constrain the CD history and/or to identify the specific CD scenarios. We also quantify the impact of the spin temperature ($T_{\rm S}$) fluctuations on the bispectra. We find that $T_{\rm S}$ fluctuations have maximum impact on the bispectra magnitude for small $k$-triangles and at the stage when Ly$\alpha$ coupling reaches saturation. Furthermore, we are also the first to quantify the impact of redshift space distortions (RSD), on the CD bispectra. We find that the impact of RSD on the CD 21-cm bispectra is significant ($> 20\%$) and the level depends on the stages of the CD and the $k$-triangles for which the bispectra are being estimated.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in the MNRAS. Replaced to match the accepted versio