Effects of Glycol on Leachability and Efficacy of Boron Wood Preservatives

Although boron has many advantages as a wood preservative, this chemical performs poorly in leaching exposures. In this study, we investigated the potential for decreasing the leachability of boron preservatives with polyethylene glycol (PEG). Southern pine (Pinus spp.) test samples impregnated with combinations of sodium borate or boric acid and PEG were subjected to both leaching and decay tests. Samples treated sequentially with sodium borate or boric acid and then with PEG-400 or PEG-600 showed a significantly increased resistance to boron leaching. However, decay tests indicated that blocks treated with sodium borate or boric acid and PEG experienced slightly higher weight losses at nearly all retention levels, possibly as a result of PEG depletion. Thus, although the results suggest that bulking agents may enhance the resistance of boron to leaching, the enhanced leach resistance may be a temporary effect

Impregnatıon of wood composıtes

Son yıllarda kullanımında hızlı artışlar gözlenen odun kompozitlerinin kullanım yerlerine bağlı olarak (yonga ve lif levha, tabakalı ve lamine ağaç malzemeler vb.) odun tahripçisi organizmalara karşı koruyucu kimyasal maddelerle emprenye edilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada; odun kompozitlerine koruyucu maddelerin nasıl ilave edileceğinin incelenmesi, bu emprenye maddelerin tutkallamaya olan etkisinin araştırılması ve koruyucu kimyasal maddeler ile muamele edilen odun kompozitlerinin üretiminde en iyi yöntemin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.The production of wood based structural panel and lumber composites become to increase since the wood supply is changing due to the limit of larger dimension solid sawn lumber and insufficient solid woods with enough high strength as well. As we substitute wood composites for solid wood in protected application, these composite must show resistance to wood-destroying organisms such as fungi and insects. Accordingly, the exterior structural composites is required to be treated with preservatives. This paper provides an understanding of preservative treated wood composites. The objectives of this paper includes studying how to add preservative to wood composites, examining additive effect on glue-line and evaluating the best method of manufacturing wood composites treated with preservatives

Removal copper, chromıum, arsenıc from out-of- servıce cca-treated wood materıals

Remidasyon, atıl haldeki CCA ile emprenyeli ağaç malzemelerden bakır, krom ve arseniği uzaklaştırmak amacıyla uygulanan işlemler olarak tanımlanabilir. Atıl haldeki emprenyeli ağaç malzemelerin tekrar kullanılması veya bakır, krom ve arseniğin çevreye ve diğer canlılara verdiği zararları önlemek veya en aza indirmek amacıyla birbirinden farklı birkaç remidasyon yöntemi söz konusudur. Bu çalışma kapsamında bugüne kadar uygulanan remidasyon yöntemleri ve bu konularda yapılan çalışmalar hakkında bilgiler verilmiştir.Remediation can be defined as removing copper, chromium and arsenic from out-of-service CCA treated wood products. There are some various remediation methods that can be applied to remove copper, chromium and arsenic from out-of service CCA treated wood products in order to re-use that wooden materials and minimize adverse impacts of those out-of service CCA treated wood to environment, human health, animals and other living organisms. In this study, those applied various remediation methods to remove copper, chromium and arsenic were summarized

Photodegratıon of wood

Ahşap malzeme yüzyıllardır çok yönlü ve yoğun bir şekilde kullanım alanına sahip olmakla birlikte diğer tüm biyolojik materyaller gibi çevresel faktörlerin etkisine açıktır. Dış ortama bırakılan işlem görmemiş doğal odun, kimyasal, mekanik ve enerji kaynaklı faktörlerinin birleşimiyle meydana gelen degredasyona maruz kalmaktadır. Bu derleme çalışmasında; dış ortamda ağaç malzemede meydana gelen makroskopik, mikroskopik, kimyasal ve fiziksel değişiklikler özetlenmiş ve fotodegredasyon olayı mekanizması ve önleme yöntemleri belirtilmiştir.Wood has been recognized for centuries throughout the world for its versatile and attractive engineering and structural properties. However, like other biological materials, wood is susceptible to environmental degradation. Deterioration of wood in natural weathering process involves very complex combination of chemical, mechanical and light energy factors contribute to what is described as weathering. In this review, the influence of outdoor weathering on the macroscopic, microscopic, chemical and physical changes was described. The mechanisms of photodegredation and protection of wood surfaces are summarized

Interactıon of copper based preservatıves wıth wood

Bakır, mantarlara karşı sahip olduğu yüksek orandaki zehirlilik etkisinden dolayı, son 50 yıldır emprenye endüstrisinde pek çok odun koruma formülasyonlarında yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bakır içeren emprenye maddeleriyle odun arasındaki etkileşim, hem emprenye maddesinin performansı hem de bu maddelerin çevresel etkileri bakımından önemlidir. Bakır, odunda olası bakır-selüloz kompleksi, bakır-lignin kompleksi ve kristal veya amorf inorganik/organik bakır bileşikleri formlarında bulunabilir. Bu derleme çalışmasında; bakırın odunla olan etkileşimi, bakır adsorpsiyonunu etkileyen faktörler ve emprenyeli odundaki bakır formları irdelenmiştir.Copper is highly toxic to fungi and the element is widely used in many preservative formulations over 50 years. The interactions of wood and copper-based preservatives impact both the performance and the environment aspects of treated wood. Copper might be present in treated wood as coppercellulose complex, copper-lignin complex, and crystalline or amorphous inorganic/organic copper compounds. In this review; it was aimed to investigate the interactions of wood and copper-based preservatives, Copper Adsorpsion factors and copper forms in treated woo

Decreasing the leachibility of boron wood preservatives

Due to the character of the original source materials and the nature of batch digitization, quality control issues may be present in this document. Please report any quality issues you encounter to [email protected], referencing the URI of the item.Includes bibliographical references: p. 68-73.Issued also on microfiche from Lange Micrographics.The use of boron in wood preservatives has been growing since the 1930s, primarily in various boric acid/borax mixtures. Boron preservatives have several advantages for application as wood preservatives including a broad spectrum of activity against insects and fungi, low mammalian toxicity, low volatility, and cost effectiveness. In addition, they are colorless, odorless and non-corrosive and nonflammable with favorable effects on wood's fire resistance. Boron treatment of wood provides excellent protection for aidoveground uses. However, boron treatment by itself has not been found to give adequate protection when wood is used in ground contact because of its leaching problem. This research examined the potential for decreasing the leachability of boron preservatives using water repellents. Southern pine (Pinus spp.) test samples were impregnated with several types and at different concentrations of borax/boric acid and PEG (Polyethylene glycol) mixture. Leachability performance of these treating solutions was determined. It was found that wood samples treated with boric acid or borax and then treated with PEG-400 or PEG-600 by double treatment method showed a significant increase in their water repellency and resistance to boron leaching. Protection performance of these treating solutions on native wood was also determined by soil-block and agar-block test methods. Weight loss by Lentinus lepideus and Poria monticola fungi and toxic threshold retention point for each treatment solution and biological test method were determined. The type of soil effect on the soil-block test was determined. It was found that it does not appear to be sufficient to choose soils only on the basis of waterholding capacity, pH, and weight as indicated by the ASTM standards. The results found in this research will serve their purpose as far as they are made use of in the wood preservation industry

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Mycelium-based Insulation Materials Produced from Desilicated Wheat Straws - Part A

Mycelium-based insulation materials made from lignocellulosic resources have the potential to replace petroleum-based foams. In this study, desilicated wheat straw was inoculated with Pleurotus ostreatus (PO) and Ganoderma lucidum (GL) fungi and incubated for 10, 20, and 30 days to produce mycelium-based insulation boards. The process of extracting silica from wheat stalks was conducted using a 1% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution prior to the production of mycelium-based insulation boards. Density, water absorption, thickness swelling, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, tensile strength perpendicular to the surface (Internal bonding test), and compressive strength of the mycelium insulation boards were measured. The results showed that mycelium-based insulation boards produced with GL had better physical and mechanical properties than those produced with PO. Furthermore, pretreatment of wheat straw with 1% NaOH improved the mechanical properties of the insulation boards produced

Mechanical and Chemical Behavior of Beech Wood Modified by Heat

In this study the effects of heat treatment on compression strength of beech wood (Fagus orientalis) were examined, and changes in the chemical structure of the treated wood were determined by analyzing contents of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin.Heat treatment was applied on the test samples in an oven at four different temperatures (130°C, 150°C, 180°C, and 200°C) and three different durations (2, 6, and 10 h) under atmospheric pressure.The results indicate that the effects of heat treatment on compression strength values generally exhibited a decrease with increased duration and temperature as expected. In the chemical properties, it was seen that hemicelluloses were the wood-cell components most degraded by the heat treatment

Inspection of Wooden Poles in Electrical Power Distribution Networks in Artvin, Turkey

According to Trabzon Electricity Distribution Local Directorship’s statistical data, there are 208.000 utility poles in Trabzon, 180.000 utility poles in Rize, and 121.000 utility poles in Artvin. Every year, 17.000 new utility poles are placed in these three cities. The average lifetime of a treated-wood utility pole is typically 40 to 50 years. However, the average lifetime of a treated-wood utility pole in the Eastern Black Sea Region is only about 10–15 years. In this study, the suggestions for enhancing the service life of treated-wood utility poles in Artvin vicinity were listed by determining the deteriorations and degradations using both visual inspection and nondestructive test methods. The results showed that the most important factors affecting the service life of utility poles were the decay due to fungi, insects, inadequate impregnation, and the deep cracks and splits