Diagnóstico estratégico de la empresa Materiales de Construcción Norteños, del municipio de Matagalpa del departamento de Matagalpa, Periodo 2014

La presente investigación tiene como propósito realizar un diagnóstico estratégico de las empresas materiales de construcción norteño, la cual distribuye materiales deconstrucción y productos ferreteros. Mediante el uso del análisis del entorno como uno de los elementos básicos de la planeación. Contiene un marco teórico sobre diagnóstico y tipos de estrategia que se emplean, el papel del análisis interno y del entorno de las empresas, como sus interacciones e importancias, se diagnostican las estrategias que utiliza la empresa materiales de construcción norteños para poder sustentarse en la competencia y sobrevivir en un mercado cambiante. En el estudio de campo que se realizó, consistió en una entrevista realizada al gerente, guía de observación y la aplicación de encuesta que se le efectuó a 16 trabajadores en donde se alcanzó conocer y observar sus procesos, problemáticas, su forma de trabajo y el papel que las estrategias juegan en la empresa. En los aspectos que se les da mayor importancia en la investigación es la situación actual de la empresa y las estrategias que utiliza, lo cual se logró percibir en la presente investigación es que la empresa utiliza la estrategia de diferenciación para poder contrarrestar sus debilidades con la competencia. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos en esta investigación, la empresa materiales de construcción norteños se diferencia por las demás empresas en la calidad de sus productos y las promociones que oferta a sus clientes, la competencia le oferta al público productos sustitutos a más bajo costo sin embargo cabe señalar que materiales de construcción norteños acapara un 80% en el mercado matagalpino según expresa el gerente en la entrevista, en cuanto a materiales de construcción y productos ferreteros se refiere, clasificando a sus clientes por categorías y brindándole un precio más bajos de lo establecido al público en genera

CD38 Defines a Subset of B Cells in Rainbow Trout Kidney With High IgM Secreting Capacities

Funding Information: This work was supported by the European Research Council (ERC Consolidator Grant 2016 725061 TEMUBLYM) and by the Comunidad de Madrid (grant 2016-T1/BIO-1672).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

EIP on AHA ontology for adherence: knowledge representation advanced tools

Nowadays diseases tend to chronicle, mainly due to the increase in life expectancy and this leads to a state of polypharmacy. More than 1.5% of Spain's GDP is spent on pharmaceuticals and healthcare products. Complex chronic patients (pluripathological and polymedicated) account for most of the expenditure. The "Action Group A1" of the European Innovation Partnership develops in the "Active and Healthy Ageing" programme actions to improve the quality of life and health outcomes of these patients. On the other hand, the PITeS TIiSS project develops decision support tools to improve this scenario. An ontology has been developed as a tool on adherence. The domain of this ontology is mainly focused on medication adherence and measurement methods. This ontology gathers the necessary knowledge about the domain allowing the use of the ontology as part for is possible

High miR-26a and low CDC2 levels associate with decreased EZH2 expression and with favorable outcome on tamoxifen in metastatic breast cancer

For patients with metastatic breast cancer, we previously described that increased EZH2 expression levels were associated with an adverse outcome to tamoxifen therapy. Main objective of the p

Pain exacerbates chronic mild stress-induced changes in noradrenergic transmission in rats

Depression can influence pain and vice versa, yet the biological mechanisms underlying how one influences the pathophysiology of the other remains unclear. Dysregulation of locus coeruleus-noradrenergic transmission is implicated in both conditions, although it is not known whether this effect is exacerbated in cases of co-morbid depression and chronic pain. We studied locus coeruleus activity using immunofluorescence and electrophysiological approaches in rats subjected to unpredictable chronic mild stress (CMS, an experimental model of depression) and/or chronic constriction injury (CCI, a model of chronic neuropathic pain) for 2 weeks. CCI alone had no effect on any of the locus coeruleus parameters studied, while CMS led to a slight reduction in the electrophysiological activity of the locus coeruleus. Furthermore, CMS was associated with an increase in the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells in the locus coeruleus, although they were smaller in size. Interestingly, these effects of CMS were exacerbated when combined with CCI, even though no changes in the α2-adrenoreceptors or the noradrenaline transporter were observed in any group. Together, these findings suggest that CMS triggers several modifications in locus coeruleus-noradrenergic transmission that are exacerbated by co-morbid chronic pain

Synthesis of Pt-Mo/WMCNTs Nanostructures Reduced by the Green Chemical Route and Its Electrocatalytic Activity in the ORR

Platinum (Pt) and molybdenum (Mo) nanoparticles were supported on multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by a green chemical route. Different relations of Pt:Mo (10:0, 8:2, 5:5, 2:8, and 0:10, respectively) in weight percent were compared to their electrocatalytic activity in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in an acid medium. The morphologies and the structure were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The rotary disc electrode (RDE) and linear voltammetry (LV) techniques were employed to observe the electron transfer and mass transport phenomena. The surface activation of the samples was conducted by cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique According to the TEM analysis. The TEM analysis, shows that Mo and Pt nanoparticles have a good dispersion on the tubular carbon support, with sizes between 3.94 and 10.97 nm. All Pt-containing ratios had exhibited a first-order transfer in the ORR without inhibition of the reaction. Molybdenum is a reducing agent (oxyphilic metal) that benefits the adsorption of oxygenated species. The Pt:Mo 8:2 wt.% ratio presents the maximum benefits in the kinetic parameters. The Mo10/MWCNTs nanostructure inhibits the ORR due to the strong bonds it presents with oxygen. Molybdenum at low concentrations with platinum is conducive to oxygen molecule adsorption-desorption by increasing the ORR’s electroactivity

Super-resolution imaging reveals the internal architecture of nano-sized syntaxin clusters

Key synaptic proteins from the soluble SNARE (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) family, among many others, are organized at the plasma membrane of cells as clusters containing dozens to hundreds of protein copies. However, the exact membranal distribution of proteins into clusters or as single molecules, the organization of molecules inside the clusters, and the clustering mechanisms are unclear due to limitations of the imaging and analytical tools. Focusing on syntaxin 1 and SNAP-25, we implemented direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy together with quantitative clustering algorithms to demonstrate a novel approach to explore the distribution of clustered and nonclustered molecules at the membrane of PC12 cells with single-molecule precision. Direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy images reveal, for the first time, solitary syntaxin/SNAP-25 molecules and small clusters as well as larger clusters. The nonclustered syntaxin or SNAP-25 molecules are mostly concentrated in areas adjacent to their own clusters. In the clusters, the density of the molecules gradually decreases from the dense cluster core to the periphery. We further detected large clusters that contain several density gradients. This suggests that some of the clusters are formed by unification of several clusters that preserve their original organization or reorganize into a single unit. Although syntaxin and SNAP-25 share some common distributional features, their clusters differ markedly from each other. SNAP-25 clusters are significantly larger, more elliptical, and less dense. Finally, this study establishes methodological tools for the analysis of single-molecule-based super-resolution imaging data and paves the way for revealing new levels of membranal protein organization

Symptoms associated with influenza vaccination and experimental human pneumococcal colonisation of the nasopharynx

Background Nasopharyngeal colonisation by S. pneumoniae is a prerequisite for invasive pneumococcal infections. Influenza co-infection leads to increased susceptibility to secondary pneumonia and mortality during influenza epidemics. Increased bacterial load and impaired immune responses to pneumococcus caused by influenza play a role in this increased susceptibility. Using an Experimental Human Challenge Model and influenza vaccines, we examined symptoms experienced by healthy adults during nasal co-infection with S. pneumoniae and live attenuated influenza virus. Methods Randomised, blinded administration of Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine (LAIV) or Tetravalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccine (TIV) either preceded bacterial inoculation or followed it, separated by a 3-day interval. The presence and density of S. pneumoniae was determined from nasal washes. Participants completed a symptom questionnaire from the first intervention until 6 days post second intervention. Results The timing and type of influenza vaccination and presence of S. pneumoniae in the nasopharynx significantly affected symptom reporting. In the study where influenza vaccination preceded bacterial inoculation: nasal symptoms were less common in the LAIV group than the TIV group (OR 0.57, p < 0.01); with colonisation status only affecting the TIV group where more symptoms were reported by colonised participants compared to non-colonised participants following inoculation (n = 12/23 [52.17%] vs n = 13/38 [34.21%], respectively; p < 0.05). In the study where influenza vaccination followed bacterial inoculation: no difference was seen in the symptoms reported between the LAIV and TIV groups following inoculation and subsequent vaccination; and symptoms were unaffected by colonisation status. Conclusion Symptoms experienced during live viral vaccination and bacterial co-infection in the nasopharynx are directly affected by the precedence of the pathogen acquisition. Symptoms were directly affected by nasal pneumococcal colonisation but only when TIV was given prior to bacterial exposure

Serum levels of anti-PspA and anti-PspC IgG decrease with age and do not correlate with susceptibility to experimental human pneumococcal colonization.

Older adults are at increased risk of pneumococcal disease. This work aims to evaluate whether there is any decrease in serum IgG against variants of the antigens Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) and Pneumococcal surface protein C (PspC) in healthy adults with increasing age. Levels of IgG against PspA and PspC variants were determined by ELISA in serum samples comparing volunteers 18-30 years of age with volunteers who were 50-70+ before and after an experimental pneumococcal colonization challenge. The serotype 6B strain used in the challenge belongs to a minor group of pneumococcal isolates expressing two PspC variants. There was a decrease in levels of IgG with increasing age for the most common PspA variants and for all PspC variants analyzed. No correlation was found between basal levels of IgG against these antigens and protection against colonization. There was an increase in levels of IgG against PspA variants that are more cross-reactive with the variant expressed by the challenge strain post challenge in younger individuals who became colonized. Since the challenge strain used in our study expresses two different PspC variants, an increase in serum IgG against all PspC variants tested was observed in younger individuals who became colonized. For some of the antigen variants tested, a decrease in serum IgG was observed in young volunteers who were challenged but did not become colonized. Serum IgG antibodies against PspA and PspC variants thus decrease with age in healthy adults, but there is no correlation between levels of IgG against these antigens and protection against human experimental colonization. Though no correlation between naturally induced serum IgG antibodies against PspA and PspC and protection against colonization was observed, these results do not rule out the protective potential of these antigens as vaccines against pneumococcal infections

Protocolo básico común: estructura del suelo

Al igual que en la mayoría de los muestreos, el objetivo general es obtener una muestra representativa del sitio con la mayor precisión y el menor costo económico posibles. Sin embargo, la heterogeneidad de los ambientes, las diferencias de manejo, los requerimientos específicos de los ensayos que se aplicarán a las muestras tomadas y la diversidad de los objetivos propios de las investigaciones que demandan el muestreo, determinan que no siempre es posible contar con una estrategia única y óptima. Por ello, ante esta complejidad, se establecen pautas generales, básicas, que luego se ampliarán en cada una de las metodologías consideradas.EEA PergaminoFil: Cazorla, Cristian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; Argentina.Fil: De Battista, Juan José. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concepción del Uruguay; Argentina.Fil: Ferrari, Manuel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino. Departamento Suelo y Fertilidad 2; Argentina.Fil: Gudelj, Olga. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; Argentina.Fil: Quiroga, Alberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimentla Agropecuaria Anguil; Argentina.Fil: Sasal, María Carolina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná; Argentina.Fil: Taboada, Miguel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; Argentina.Fil: Wilson, Marcelo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná; Argentina