45 research outputs found

    Préparation de matériaux zéolithiques à mésoporosité contrôlée à l'aide d'agents structurants recyclables dans l'eau

    No full text
    Les zéolithes sont largement utilisées en catalyse acide, particulièrement en pétrochimie. Toutefois, leur activité n'est pas optimale à cause des limitations diffusionnelles imposées par leur structure microporeuse. Diverses approches ont été proposées pour contourner ces limitations et notamment la préparation des zéolithes mésoporeuses. Après une évaluation industrielle des différentes méthodes rapportées dans la littérature, la première partie de la thèse a été consacrée à la mise au point, la compréhension et l'optimisation d'une procédure de préparation de zéolithes à mésoporosité contrôlée à l'aide d'un agent structurant organique. Nous nous sommes intéressés à la recristallisation de la zéolithe Y qui permet de créer un volume mésoporeux important au sein des cristaux de zéolithe par transformation pseudomorphique. Dans une seconde partie, nous rapportons la première synthèse de zéolithes mésoporeuses à partir d'un agent structurant récupérable et recyclable en conditions douces dans l'eau. En synthétisant un agent structurant thermosensible adapté aux conditions de recristallisation, une mésostructure contrôlée a pu être obtenue au sein de la zéolithe. L'extraction du polymère en solution aqueuse a été optimisée et son recyclage sur quatre cycles de recristallisation a été démontré.Zeolites are widely used in acid catalysis, especially in petrochemistry. However, their activity is not optimal because of diffusional limitations imposed by their microporous structure. Various approaches have been proposed to circumvent these limitations, including the preparation of mesoporous zeolites. After an industrial assessment of the different methods reported in the literature, the first part of the thesis was devoted to the development, understanding and optimization of a procedure for preparation of zeolites with controlled mesoporosity using an organic structuring agent. We studied the recrystallization of the zeolite Y, which creates a large mesoporous volume in the zeolite crystals by pseudomorphic transformation. In the second part, we report the first synthesis of mesoporous zeolites using a structuring agent recoverable and recyclable under mild conditions in water. By synthesizing a structuring agent adapted to the conditions of thermal recrystallization, controlled mesostructure could be obtained within the zeolite. The extraction of the polymer in aqueous solution has been optimized and recycling of four cycles of recrystallization has been demonstrated.MONTPELLIER-Ecole Nat.Chimie (341722204) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Synthèse et caractérisation de nanomatériaux fonctionnels siliciques structurés à l'aide de micelles complexes de copolymères séquencés doublement hydrophiles

    No full text
    Ce travail s'est intéressé à la conception et à l'élaboration de nouveaux agents structurants de silice constitués d'assemblages induits et réversibles de copolymères originaux : les copolymères séquencés doublement hydrophiles (DHBC). Un des systèmes étudiés est constitué d'un DHBC neutre-anionique PAPEO-b-PAA ou poly(acrylate methoxy poly(oxyde d'éthylène))-b-poly(acide acrylique). La séquence PAA est un polyacide faible dont le degré d'ionisation dépend du pH. En solution aqueuse et pour un pH bien choisi, l'association de ce copolymère à une polybase faible, de charge opposée à celle du PAA, (typiquement un oligochitosane) conduit à la formation de micelles complexes de polyions (PIC) sphériques de type cur/couronne. Ces micelles peuvent dans un premier temps conduire à la formation de matériaux mésostructurés hybrides hautement organisés. Dans un second temps, en jouant notamment sur les conditions de pH et de force ionique, il est possible de contrôler le taux d'extraction des espèces organiques pour obtenir des matériaux poreux fonctionnels capables de piéger des espèces de charge opposée à la fonctionnalité. Si des matériaux hybrides organisés sont obtenus, c'est parce que les équilibres des interactions mises en jeu entre les espèces organiques et inorganiques y sont favorables. Si une interaction polyamine/silice s'exerce aux dépens de l'interaction polyamine/DHBC, elle peut limiter le processus de mésostructuration par les micelles. Lorsqu'un DHBC neutre-cationique PEO-b-PDMAEMA ou poly(oxyde d'éthylène)-b-poly(méthacrylate de 2-(diméthylamine)éthyle) est utilisé en présence d'un polymère anionique tel que le PVS ou poly(acide sulfonique de vinyle), il joue un double rôle dans la synthèse des matériaux siliciques : une partie gère la croissance des particules de silice en interagissant avec les silicates et l'autre partie qui est complexée par des PVS joue le rôle d'agent structurant en apportant une mésostructuration au matériau. Enfin, une approche très prometteuse a permis d'encapsuler des principes actifs hydrosolubles chargés dans un matériau en les utilisant comme agent complexant du DHBC.This study focused on the design and development of new structuring agents of silica constituted of induced and reversible assemblies of original copolymers, the double hydrophilic block copolymers (DHBC). The first system studied consists of a neutral-anionic DHBC PAPEO-b-PAA ou poly(acrylate methoxy poly (ethylene oxide))-b-poly (acrylic acid). The PAA block is a weak polyacid with a degree of ionization depending on the pH. In aqueous solution and in a right pH range, the association of this copolymer with a weak polybase, an oppositely charged polyamine, such as an oligochitosan, leads to the formation of polyion complex micelles (PIC) with a core/corona structure. These micelles can direct the structure of highly organized inorganic materials with different types of mesostructures. In a second step, by adjusting the conditions of pH, ionic strength, it is possible to "control" the extraction of organic species to get functional porous materials able to trap species of charge opposite to the functionality. Organized materials are obtained because of a favourable balance of the interactions between organic and inorganic species. If a polyamine/silica interaction occurs at the expense of the interaction polyamine/DHBC, the mesostructuring process by the micelles is limited. A neutral-cationic DHBC PEO-b-PDMAEMA poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(2-(dimethylamine)ethyl) associated with an anionic PVS poly(vinyl sulfonic acid) polymer can play a dual role in the synthesis of silica materials: firstly managing the growth of silica particles by interacting with the silicates and secondly acting as a structuring agent in association with PVS, confering a mesostructuration to the material. Finally, a very promising approach allowed to encapsulate water-soluble and charged drugs in a material by using as silica complexing agent a complex between the drug and a DHBC.MONTPELLIER-Ecole Nat.Chimie (341722204) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Synthesis of layered double hydroxides through continuous flow processes: A review

    No full text
    International audienceContinuous production processes allow scaling up of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and avoid the drawbacks induced by conventional coprecipitation. These drawbacks result from variable supersaturation rate due to non constant pH and concentration of the solutions and from long residence times hindering a fine control of the size and morphology of the particles. Continuous flow processes allow reducing the residence time and maintaining almost constant supersaturation producing LDHs in large amounts with constant quality. We report here the different continuous flow methods for the production of LDHs particles with controlled size and morphology or individual nanosheets, and of LDH-based hybrids and nanocomposites. The paper will focus on the design of the reactors showing a decrease of their volume and an improvement of the mixing and heat and mass transfers. Cylindrical tank under steady-state conditions lead to particles with a narrower size distribution than in batch reactor. Then processes with vigorously stirred microreactors in the so-called in-line dispersion-precipitation method were developed. Counter-current flow reactors with particles formed at the interface of solutions flowing up and down were further used to obtain ultra-fine LDH nanoplates and efficient surface modification with surfactants. Hydrothermal continuous or co-flow reactors exhibit great versatility allowing the preparation of exfoliated or functional LDHs, LDH nanoplates on alumina-coated substrates, and reduced graphene oxide/LDH nanocomposite films. The microfluidic technology is very promising for preparing LDHs of different compositions and functionalities. The reaction conditions as well as the structural and morphological properties of the materials are discussed and applications are reported

    Micelles complexes de polyions à base de copolymères à blocs double hydrophiles et d'homopolyélectrolytes (Etudes physico-chimiques et applications à la synthèse de matériaux nanostructurés)

    No full text
    Les micelles complexes de polyions, ou micelles PIC , formées par interaction électrostatique entre un copolymère à blocs double hydrophile neutre-ionique (DHBC) et un homopolyélectrolyte de charge opposée au DHBC possèdent des propriétés particulièrement intéressantes : solubilité des polyélectrolytes dans l'eau, stabilité des micelles, contrôle de l'association/dissociation micellaire par divers stimuli (pH, force ionique, irradiation lumineuse ). Dans cette thèse, les propriétés physico-chimiques des micelles PIC de type DHBC neutre-cationique/homopolymère anionique et DHBC neutre-anionique/homopolyélectrolyte cationique ont été étudiées en solution aqueuse en vue de leur utilisation comme agent structurant des matériaux siliciques organisés à l'échelle nanométrique. La gamme de pH de formation des micelles PIC, la concentration micellaire critique et le nombre d'agrégation des micelles ont été déterminés pour chacun des systèmes étudiés. Nous avons montré que la formation des micelles suit un mécanisme coopératif qui dépend de la taille de l'homopolymère. Par ailleurs, nous avons proposé une voie originale de formation des micelles PIC photoinduite, basée sur une modification du pH suite à l'irradiation d'une molécule photochrome. Les études concernant l'utilisation des micelles PIC comme agent structurant des matériaux nous ont permis de montrer que la morphologie (nanoparticulaire, massif) et la structure des matériaux (lamellaire, vermiculaire) peuvent être contrôlés par divers paramètres, tels que la concentration en masse du système DHBC/homopolyélectrolyte/précurseur de silice, la teneur en précurseur de silice et le rapport entre les fonctions cationique et anionique des polyélectrolytes. Le lavage des matériaux sous des conditions douces (à l'eau) permet de récupérer l'agent structurant.Polyion complex micelles, or "PIC micelles", formed by electrostatic interaction between a neutral-ionic double hydrophilic block copolymer (DHBC) and an oppositely charged homopolyelectrolyte possess interesting properties: solubility of the polyelectrolytes in water, stability of micelles, control of the micellar association / dissociation by various stimuli (pH, ionic strength, light irradiation ...). In this thesis, the physico-chemical properties of PIC micelles of neutral-cationic DHBC/ anionic homopolymer and neutral-anionic DHBC/cationic homopolymer were studied in aqueous solution for use as structuring agents of silica-based organized nanomaterials. The pH range of PIC micelle formation, the critical micelle concentration and aggregation number of micelles were determined for each studied system. We have shown that the formation of micelles follows a cooperative mechanism which depends on the size of the homopolymer. Furthermore, we proposed an original way of photoinduced PIC micelle formation, based on a pH change after irradiation of a photochromic molecule. The studies on the PIC micelles as structuring agents of materials have shown that the morphology (nanoparticular, bulk) and the material structure (lamellar, vermicular) can be controlled by various parameters, such as the mass concentration of the DHBC / homopolyelectrolyte / silica precursor system, the content of the silica precursor and the ratio between the functions of the cationic and anionic polyelectrolytes. Finally, the template was removed by washing the hybrid materials under soft conditions in water.MONTPELLIER-Ecole Nat.Chimie (341722204) / SudocSudocFranceF

    LDH nanocomposites with different guest entities as precursors of supported Ni catalysts

    No full text
    International audienc

    Highly Stable Layered Double Hydroxide Colloids: A Direct Aqueous Synthesis Route from Hybrid Polyion Complex Micelles

    No full text
    International audienceAqueous suspensions of highly stable Mg/Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles were obtained via a direct and fully colloidal route using asymmetric poly(acrylic acid)-b-poly(acrylamide) (PAA-b-PAM) double hydrophilic block copolymers (DHBCs) as growth and stabilizing agents. We showed that hybrid polyion complex (HPIC) micelles constituted of almost only Al3+ were first formed when mixing solutions of Mg2+ and Al3+ cations and PAA(3000)-b-PAM(10000) due to the preferential complexation of the trivalent cations. Then mineralization performed by progressive hydroxylation with NaOH transformed the simple DHBC/Al3+ HPIC micelles into DHBC/aluminum hydroxide colloids, in which Mg2+ ions were progressively introduced upon further hydroxylation leading to the Mg-Al LDH phase. The whole process of LDH formation occurred then within the confined environment of the aqueous complex colloids. The hydrodynamic diameter of the DHBC/LDH colloids could be controlled: it decreased from 530 nm down to 60 nm when the metal complexing ratio R (R = AA/(Mg + Al)) increased from 0.27 to 1. This was accompanied by a decrease of the average size of individual LDH particles as R increased (for example from 35 nm at R = 0.27 down to 17 nm at R = 0.33), together with a progressive favored intercalation of polyacrylate rather than chloride ions in the interlayer space of the LDH phase. The DHBC/LDH colloids have interesting properties for biomedical applications, that is, high colloidal stability as a function of time, stability in phosphate buffered saline solution, as well as the required size distribution for sterilization by filtration. Therefore, they could be used as colloidal drug delivery systems, especially for hydrosoluble negatively charged drugs

    Pseudomorphic synthesis of mesoporous zeolite Y crystals

    No full text
    International audienceA simple method for the conception of mesoporous zeolite Y crystals with a narrow intracrystalline mesopore size distribution is reported. It involves the pseudomorphic transformation of parent zeolite crystals by recrystallisation in the presence of surfactants, and leads to two interconnected pore systems in the zeolite crystals

    Overview and Industrial Assessment of Synthesis Strategies towards Zeolites with Mesopores

    No full text
    International audienceWith the necessity for the refining industry to treat heavier feedstocks, there is a clear demand for improved zeolite materials displaying better accessible surface areas and higher pore volumes in order to capitalize on their effectiveness. To this end, over the last decade, there has been an intensification of research on the exploration of new routes to synthesize zeolite materials combining micropores with mesopores. Different synthesis strategies are used for their preparation (i.e., by structure breaking or so-called 'destructive' pathways, or structure building or so-called 'constructive' synthesis pathways). This Review discusses the variety of current synthesis strategies, while emphasizing the strengths and weaknesses of the different routes regarding material characteristics; health, safety, and environment aspects; and synthesis costs
    corecore