Abordagem criativa das isometrias para a criatividade em matemática

Mestrado em DidácticaA criatividade tem sido considerada o motor do progresso e todas as áreas disciplinares incluindo, portanto, a matemática devem contribuir para o seu desenvolvimento. A este não será alheio um ensino também ele criativo. No caso especifico das transformações geométricas isométricas, os ambientes de geometria dinâmica e, em particular, o GeoGebra, como complemento de ferramentas tradicionais, pode constituir-se uma mais valia nesse processo. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho propõe-se analisar o potencial de novas tecnologias no desenvolvimento de competências geométricas relacionadas com as isometrias e os frisos e, simultaneamente, no desenvolvimento da criatividade e das representações em relação à mesma em alunos do 1º ciclo do ensino básico. Para isso, desenvolveu-se um estudo de caso (exploratório) centrado em dois pares de alunos do 4º ano de escolaridade que resolveram autonomamente, por recurso àquelas tecnologias, uma bateria de tarefas essencialmente de natureza exploratória. Os dados foram recolhidos principalmente através das técnicas de inquirição, observação direta e participante e análise documental. A análise de conteúdo a que foram submetidos permitiu concluir que a implementação de uma abordagem criativa, centrada em sequências de tarefas a resolver com recurso a tecnologias tradicionais conjugadas com o GeoGebra, potencia uma apropriação mais sólida dos conceitos geométricos em causa e sua aplicação. Além disso, contribuiu ainda para o desenvolvimento de atitudes favoráveis em relação à matemática e à geometria em particular Os dados evidenciam, também, que tal abordagem permite obter indícios do desenvolvimento da criatividade nos alunos e de alterações a algumas das suas representações.Creativity has been considered the progress engine of knowledgement, therefore, all school subjects, including Mathematics, must contribute to its development, improving a creative teaching method. In the specific case of isometric geometric transformations, the dynamic geometry environments and, in particular, the Geogebra, as complement of traditional tools, can become one more value in this process. In this context, the present work pretends to analyze the potential of new technologies in the development of geometric skills related to isometries and the friezes. Simultaneously, we pretend to analyze the development of creativity and its representations in first cycle students of basic education. For this specific study of case (exploratory), data was centered in two pairs of students from the fourth year who had solved autonomously a battery of exploratory tasks using technology. The data was collected mainly through inquiry techniques, direct and participant / active observation and documentary analysis. Its content analysis allowed us to conclude that the implementation of a creative approach, centered on sequences of tasks to be solved using traditional technologies combined with GeoGebra, enhances a more solid appropriation of the focused geometric concepts and its application. Moreover, it has also contributed to the development of positive attitudes towards Mathematics and particularly to Geometry. The data has also showed us that with this approach we can obtain some evidence of the development of creativity in students and also some changes to some of their representations

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved