The Social Impact of the Banking Sector in Colombia, 1995 – 2002

This document studies the impact of the banking sector on social variables in Colombia, and tries to identify how the difference in banking institutions’ development at the municipal levels influences economic and social prosperity of low income households and firms. One part of the literature emphasizes the role of the financial system in promoting this type of agents’ economic performance as long as it attracts them to the use of financial intermediation, making available to them the use of financial services and technologies, both in deposits and credit. Another trend in the literature studies specific characteristics of liquidity constrained agents. This study empirically identifies how bancarization influences poverty and investment on education, in the case of families; and economic performance and the number of firms, in the municipal level in Colombia for the period 1995-2002. When studying these effects we control for local variables such as public spending in investment, homicide rate and guerrilla conflict. The period of study was characterized by the end of an economic boom and recession, which influences our econometric results. This study shows that banking developments affect households’ education decisions and firms’ performance at the municipal level; it was also found that non performing loans are associated with the decrease in the number of firms, but a relationship between loans and the creation of firms was not present.

Incidencia del Real Decreto-Ley 4/2013, de medidas de apoyo al emprendedor y de estímulo del crecimiento y de la creación de empleo, en el fomento del autoempleo de los jóvenes

Análisis de las medidas implementadas por el Real Decreto-Ley 4/2013, de 22 de febrero, en relación al fomento del autoempleo de los trabajadores jóvenes. En la norma citada se contempla un conjunto de medidas muy diversas con el objetivo de dinamizar la economía española, estableciendo un entorno que promueva la cultura emprendedora. Este objetivo genérico se desarrolla en conexión con la intencionalidad de rebajar los niveles de desempleo juvenil. El contenido de estas medidas debe ser analizado para detectar la problemática jurídica que su efectiva aplicación pueda producir. Además, debe exponerse si corresponden a una correcta política del fomento del autoempleo, dadas las connotaciones que tiene esta forma de empleo en relación al trabajo de mujeres y jóvenesAnalysis of the measures implemented by Royal Decree Law 4/2013 of 22 February, in relation to the promotion of self-employment of young workers. In the above standard a set of diverse measures envisaged in order to boost the Spanish economy, establishing an environment that promotes entrepreneurial culture. This generic objective is developed in connection with the intention of lowering levels of youth unemployment. The content of these measures must be analyzed to identify legal issues that their effective implementation can produce. Also, be exposed if they correspond to a correct policy of promoting self-employment, given the connotations that this form of employment in relation to the work of women and yout

Environmental Standards, Wage Incomes and the Location of Polluting Firms

The purpose of this paper is to study how the choice of environmental standards by governments is affected by the existence of wage incomes when firms' location is endogenous. In developed countries labor is unionized, which allows positive wage incomes to arise. Thus, each government has incentives to persuade firms to locate in its country since its social welfare depends on such incomes. But, as pollution damages the environment, each government will try to persuade polluting firms to locate in its country to obtain the wage incomes only when its valuation of environmental damage shows that it is low.environmental standards, firms' location, wage incomes

Relocation and Investment in R&D by Firms

The literature on foreign direct investment has analyzed firms’ location decisions when they invest in R&D to reduce production costs. Such firms may set up new plants in other developed countries while maintaining their domestic plants. In contrast, here we consider firms that close down their domestic operations and relocate to countries where wage costs are lower. Thus, we assume that firms may reduce their production costs by investing in R&D and also by moving their plants abroad. We show that these two mechanisms are complementary. When a firm relocates it invests more in R&D than when it does not change its location and, therefore, its production cost is lower in the first case. As a result, investment in R&D encourages firms to relocate. When firms do not invest in R&D on relocation, R&D discourages firms to relocate since the investment made by the firms that remain in the country partially offsets the labor cost advantage obtained by the firms that move their plants abroad.relocation, R&D, social welfare, imperfect competition, trade unions

Development of an environmental narrative in a video game made in Unreal Engine

Treball final de Grau en Disseny i Desenvolupament de Videojocs. Codi: VJ1241. Curs acadèmic: 2021/2022This document represents the memory of Eva María Garzón Hernández’s Final Degree Project in Video Game Design and Development. This work consists of a video game that shows a story that takes place in a house. During the video game, the player will be able to explore the house, investigate and collect objects that will lead to unlocking new areas, which will change as time goes by. With simple graphic adventure mechanics, which any video game enthusiast or not is familiar with and can handle, the video game focuses on a journey where the environmental narrative is the key point. The story can have different interpretations, depending on the person and the amount of exploration and details to be taken into account. The development has been carried out in Unreal Engine and has been handled as well as possible within the initial unfamiliarity with the engine and the continuous learning from the beginning of the project to the end

International Trade and Strategic Privatization

The literature on mixed oligopoly does not consider that there is strategic interaction between governments when they decide whether to privatize their public firms. In order to analyze this quetion we consider two countries; In each country there is one public firm and n private firms. Firms have a constant marginal cost of production and the public firm is less efficient than the private firms. In this framework, we show that when the marginal cost of the public firms takes an intermediate value only one government privatizes its public firm and that government obtains a lower social welfare than the other.international trade, public firms, privatization

Evaluación de un programa de teleformación dirigido a minusvalidos II

Presentamos esta comunicación para dar a conocer la evaluación de un programa de teleformación cuyo objetivo era la capacitación profesional en una categoría profesional, así como posibilitar la inserción laboral de un grupo de minusválidos. Esta comunicación se configura como la segunda parte de la evaluación de dicho programa y en ella se recogen los resultados obtenidos en relación con la metodología, la temporalización, los medios de comunicación, el sistema de tutorías, la relación tutor-alumno, los tutores, la intervención psicopedagógica, el aprendizaje y la evaluación de los alumnos. Asimismo, se recogen en ella las conclusiones finales del proceso evaluador.We give this paper to know program evaluation about distance learning. This objetive was professional qualification in a professional standing in this way to make possible the work insertion of the handicapped. This paper takes shape like the second part of the evaluation about the schedule including the results about methodology, the time, the mass media, the tutorchip system, the relationship tutor-student, the tutors, the psycho-pedagogic intervention, the learning, the students evaluation and the summing-up

Mixed Duopoly, Merger and Multiproduct Firms

The literature on mergers has extensively analyzed the decision to merge by private firms but it has not considered the decision to merge by private and public firms. We assume that when a private firm and a public firm merge (or when one of them acquires the other), they sets up a multiproduct firm in which the government owns an exogenous percentage stake. In this framework, we show that the decision to merge by firms depends on the degree to which goods are substitutes and on the percentage of the shares owned by the government in the multiproduct firm.mixed duopoly, multiproduct firm, mergers

Aplicación del método de la madurez para la estimación de tiempos de fraguado y resistencias de concretos industrializados con el fin de conocer la edad de descimbrado

El presente artículo propone una metodología para la estimación de la edad de descimbrado aplicado en elementos de sistemas industrializados. Para esto, se realiza una caracterización físico-mecánica de los concretos usados en este tipo de construcción. Con el fin de construir la curva de madurez en laboratorio se implementa la metodología descrita en la ASTM C1074., calculando la energía de activación por los tres métodos propuestos y midiendo el historial térmico de las mezclas a una temperatura controlada. A continuación, se procede a realizar una calibración de esta curva para determinar cuál es la energía de activación que mejor se ajusta para la determinación de resistencia a la compresión en edades tempranas. Por último, se aplica lo anterior a una caso de estudio, en el cual se realiza la instrumentación en obra de una placa donde se estiman los tiempos de fraguado y la edad de descimbrado.Ingeniero (a) CivilPregrad