Formación del profesorado en pedagogía intercultural: contenidos actitudinales

La inmigración es una realidad en las sociedades occidentales; una situación que, aunque no es nueva, sí se manifiesta con dimensiones no conocidas hasta ahora en nuestro país, no sólo por su incremento cuantitativo sino por la variabilidad detectada. Necesariamente esta nueva situación afecta o puede afectar a la cohesión social. El problema es multidimensional y sólo desde diferentes marcos coordinados podremos ofrecer una “hospitalidad” por parte de nuestra cultura mayoritaria, que no genere problemas de convivencia y facilite la intercomunicación enriquecedora para todos, basada en el respeto. Para afrontar esta nueva situación no basta con el entusiasmo voluntario del profesorado si no se acompaña de apoyos institucionales y sociales, y por supuesto, de fondos económicos. Sin embargo, tampoco es suficiente manifestar una actitud positiva hacia el multiculturalismo, sin racionalizar y sistematizar el trabajo a realizar

El aprendizaje cooperativo desde una perspectiva ética

El presente artículo analiza desde una perspectiva ética, la metodología y los recursos pedagógicos del aprendizaje cooperativo. Mediante la aplicación de una metodología de análisis hermenéutico-crítica evaluamos su validez, su credibilidad y su pertinencia en el ámbito educativo de acuerdo con los valores morales fundamentales de una ética cívica y democrática. Concluimos que el aprendizaje cooperativo supone una metodología propicia y enteramente favorable para el despliegue de una ética democrática, siendo un modelo educativo que reúne magistralmente las aspiraciones de maduración cognitivo–intelectual y moral del alumnado en un contexto de colaboración y solidaridad. En este sentido, el aprendizaje cooperativo puede ser un prototipo o patrón metodológico que ejemplifica la renovación pedagógica que exigen las sociedades plurales y participativas

Integrative Analysis Reveals a Molecular Stratification of Systemic Autoimmune Diseases

Objective Clinical heterogeneity, a hallmark of systemic autoimmune diseases, impedes early diagnosis and effective treatment, issues that may be addressed if patients could be classified into groups defined by molecular pattern. This study was undertaken to identify molecular clusters for reclassifying systemic autoimmune diseases independently of clinical diagnosis. Methods Unsupervised clustering of integrated whole blood transcriptome and methylome cross-sectional data on 955 patients with 7 systemic autoimmune diseases and 267 healthy controls was undertaken. In addition, an inception cohort was prospectively followed up for 6 or 14 months to validate the results and analyze whether or not cluster assignment changed over time. Results Four clusters were identified and validated. Three were pathologic, representing “inflammatory,” “lymphoid,” and “interferon” patterns. Each included all diagnoses and was defined by genetic, clinical, serologic, and cellular features. A fourth cluster with no specific molecular pattern was associated with low disease activity and included healthy controls. A longitudinal and independent inception cohort showed a relapse–remission pattern, where patients remained in their pathologic cluster, moving only to the healthy one, thus showing that the molecular clusters remained stable over time and that single pathogenic molecular signatures characterized each individual patient. Conclusion Patients with systemic autoimmune diseases can be jointly stratified into 3 stable disease clusters with specific molecular patterns differentiating different molecular disease mechanisms. These results have important implications for future clinical trials and the study of nonresponse to therapy, marking a paradigm shift in our view of systemic autoimmune diseases

Lo glocal y el turismo. Nuevos paradigmas de interpretación.

El estudio del turismo se realiza desde múltiples escalas y enfoques, este libro aborda muchos temas que es necesario discutir desde diversas perspectivas; es el caso de la reflexión sobre la propia disciplina y sus conceptos, así como los asuntos específicos referidos al impacto territorial, los tipos de turismo, las cuestiones ambientales, el tema de la pobreza, la competitividad, las políticas públicas, el papel de las universidades, las áreas naturales protegidas, la sustentabilidad, la cultura, el desarrollo, la seguridad, todos temas centrales documentados y expuestos con originalidad y dominio del asunto. Lo multiescalar es básico para la comprensión del sistema turístico, sistema formado de procesos globales, regionales y locales. El eje de discusión del libro es lo glocal, esa interacción entre lo nacional y local con lo global

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Complement component C4 structural variation and quantitative traits contribute to sex-biased vulnerability in systemic sclerosis

Altres ajuts: Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), "A way of making Europe".Copy number (CN) polymorphisms of complement C4 play distinct roles in many conditions, including immune-mediated diseases. We investigated the association of C4 CN with systemic sclerosis (SSc) risk. Imputed total C4, C4A, C4B, and HERV-K CN were analyzed in 26,633 individuals and validated in an independent cohort. Our results showed that higher C4 CN confers protection to SSc, and deviations from CN parity of C4A and C4B augmented risk. The protection contributed per copy of C4A and C4B differed by sex. Stronger protection was afforded by C4A in men and by C4B in women. C4 CN correlated well with its gene expression and serum protein levels, and less C4 was detected for both in SSc patients. Conditioned analysis suggests that C4 genetics strongly contributes to the SSc association within the major histocompatibility complex locus and highlights classical alleles and amino acid variants of HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DPB1 as C4-independent signals

El aprendizaje cooperativo desde una perspectiva ética

El presente artículo analiza desde una perspectiva ética, la metodología y los recursos pedagógicos del aprendizaje cooperativo. Mediante la aplicación de una metodología de análisis hermenéutico-crítica evaluamos su validez, su credibilidad y su pertinencia en el ámbito educativo de acuerdo con los valores morales fundamentales de una ética cívica y democrática. Concluimos que el aprendizaje cooperativo supone una metodología propicia y enteramente favorable para el despliegue de una ética democrática, siendo un modelo educativo que reúne magistralmente las aspiraciones de maduración cognitivo–intelectual y moral del alumnado en un contexto de colaboración y solidaridad. En este sentido, el aprendizaje cooperativo puede ser un prototipo o patrón metodológico que ejemplifica la renovación pedagógica que exigen las sociedades plurales y participativas

La formación ético-cívica y el compromiso social de los estudiantes universitarios / Education in Ethics and Civics and Social Commitment in University Students

RESUMEN Estamos siendo testigos en estas últimas décadas de una creciente preocupación internacional por el escaso compromiso social de los jóvenes, que se manifiesta en su baja participación social, el exiguo interés que muestran por la política formal y la insignificante participación electoral que ejercen. El esquema que seguimos es, en primer lugar, dibujar el marco internacional en que nos movemos. Después se indaga en la formación ético-cívica del alumnado universitario en el marco de la tercera misión de la universidad y del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior. Posteriormente tratamos de una de las iniciativas más fructíferas en este ámbito: el service learning. Finalizamos haciendo una propuesta de algunas sugerencias para la educación superior. Está latente a lo largo del artículo la necesidad de la suscitación de una formación ético-cívica como clave para la promoción del compromiso social de los jóvenes.ABSTRACT Recent decades have seen growing international concern about the lack of social commitment among young people, shown in their failure to participate in social affairs, scant interest in formal politics, and low turnout at elections. First, the international framework which forms the background to our paper is outlined. The ethical and civic education which university students receive is discussed, in the context of the social mission of the university and the European Higher Education Area. We then move on to examine one of the most promising initiatives in this field: service learning. We conclude with a proposal containing some suggestions of relevance to higher education. The need for ethical and civic education underpins the whole article, since this is the key to promoting social commitment among young people.RÉSUMÉ Les dernières décennies ont été témoin d’une inquiétude internationale croissante au sujet du manque d’engagement social parmi les jeunes, manifesté par leur manque de participation aux affaires sociales, leur peu d’intérêt dans la politique formelle, et leur faible taux de participation aux élections. Nous résumons en premier le cadre international formant l’arrière-plan de notre papier. L’éducation éthique et civique que les étudiants universitaires reçoivent est discutée dans le contexte de la mission sociale de l’université et dans le secteur de l’éducation supérieure européenne. Nous examinons ensuite l’une des initiatives les plus prometteuses dans ce domaine: l’apprentissage au service. Nous concluons par une proposition contenant des suggestions pertinentes pour l’éducation supérieure. La nécessité de l’éducation éthique et civique soutient tout l’article, puisqu’elle est la clé pour promouvoir l’engagement social parmi les jeunes

Exploring Health Science Students' Notions on Organ Donation and Transplantation: A Multicenter Study.

The knowledge acquired during university education about organ donation and transplantation (ODT) decisively influences the information future health professionals transmit. This is important in ODT where the participation of the general public is essential to obtain organs. To determine notions of Spanish medicine and nursing students on ODT and its relationship with attitude toward ODT. and design. We conducted a sociologic, multicenter, and observational study. The population for our study consisted of medical and nursing students in Spanish universities. Our database was the Collaborative International Donor Project, stratified by geographic area and academic course. A validated questionnaire (PCID-DTO-RIOS) was self-administered and completed anonymously. Our sample consisted of 9598 medical and 10,566 nursing students (99% confidence interval; precision of ±1%), stratified by geographic area and year of study. The completion rate for our study was 90%. Only 20% (n=3640) of students thought their notions on ODT were good; 41% (n=7531) thought their notions were normal; 36% (n=6550) thought their notions were scarce. Comparing groups, there were differences between those who believed that their notions on ODT were good (44% nursing vs 56% medical students; P  Only 20% of Spanish medical and nursing students thought their notions on ODT were good. Having good knowledge is related to a favorable attitude towards ODT. Receiving specific information on the subject could improve their knowledge about ODT during their training

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data