Investigation on the Effect of Shapes on the Drying Kinetics and Sensory Evaluation Study of Dried Jackfruit

Jackfruits are seasonal and highly nutritional fruits indigenous to the Southwestern rainforests of India. However much of the produce are spoilt annually due to poor preservation techniques. Minimal studies have been conducted on the drying kinetics of jackfruit and the effect of shapes on the drying kinetics. In this research, drying curves of three different shaped jackfruit slices were obtained using a convective oven at 40oC, 50oC, 60oC and 70oC. Modified Midilli-Kucuk Model was found to be the best kinetic model for drying of jackfruits. At all temperatures, effective moisture diffusivity values and activation energy varied from 2.66 x 10-10 - 4.85 x 10-10 m2/s and 16.08 - 20.07 kJ/mol respectively. Drying was found to be most efficient at 50oC using the square shaped slices with a R2, RMSE and SSE value of 0.9984, 0.01127 and 0.002668 respectively. Sensory evaluation of untreated and additive-added dried jackfruit slices was conducted by 40 untrained sensory panelists. Jackfruit with ascorbic acid and sugar coating had highest aesthetics value due to better retention of colour by ascorbic acid. However sugar coated jackfruit had the most favorable taste and smell. Further optimization must be done to satisfy consumers collectively to enable a highly marketable product

Superconducting Pairing Symmetries in Anisotropic Triangular Quantum Antiferromagnets

Motivated by the recent discovery of a low temperature spin liquid phase in layered organic compound $\kappa$-(ET)$_2$Cu$_2$(CN)$_3$ which becomes a superconductor under pressure, we examine the phase transition of Mott insulating and superconducting (SC) states in a Hubbard-Heisenberg model on an anisotropic triangular lattice. We use a renormalized mean field theory to study the Gutzwiller projected BCS wavefucntions. The half filled electron system is a Mott insulator at large on-site repulsion $U$, and is a superconductor at a moderate $U$. The symmetry of the SC state depends on the anisotropy, and is gapful with $d_{x^2-y^2}+id_{xy}$ symmetry near the isotropic limit and is gapless with $d_{x^2-y^2}$ symmetry at small anisotropy ratio.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure

Search for Zs1+Z^{+}_{s1} and Zs2+Z^{+}_{s2} strangeonium-like structures

Theoretically, it has been presumed from an effective Lagrangian calculation that there could exist two charged strangeonium-like molecular states $Z^{+}_{s1}$ and $Z^{+}_{s2}$, with $K\bar{K}^{*}$ and $K^{*}\bar{K}^{*}$ configurations respectively. In the framework of QCD sum rules, we predict that masses of $Z^{+}_{s1}$ ($K\bar{K}^{*}$) and $Z^{+}_{s2}$ ($K^{*}\bar{K}^{*}$) are $1.85\pm0.14 GeV$ and $2.02\pm0.15 GeV$ respectively, which are both above their respective two meson thresholds. We suggest to put in practice the search for these two charged strangeonium-like structures in future experiments.Comment: 7 pages, 4 eps figures; the version accepted for publication in PRD. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1203.070

Theory for Gossamer and Resonating Valence Bond Superconductivity

We use an effective Hamiltonian for two-dimensional Hubbard model including an antiferromagnetic spin-spin coupling term to study recently proposed gossamer superconductivity. We formulate a renormalized mean field theory to approximately take into account the strong correlation effect in the partially projected Gutzwiller wavefucntions. At the half filled, there is a first order phase transition to separate a Mott insulator at large Coulomb repulsion U from a gossamer superconductor at small U. Away from the half filled,the Mott insulator is evolved into an resonating valence bond state, which is adiabatically connected to the gossamer superconductor.Comment: 10 pages, 13 figure

Fermi liquid identities for the Infinite U Anderson Model

We show how the electron gas methods of Luttinger, Ward and Nozi\`eres can be applied to the infinite U Anderson impurity model within a Schwinger boson treatment. Working to all orders in a 1/N expansion, we show how the Friedel Langreth relationship, the Yamada-Yosida-Yoshimori and the Shiba-Korringa relations can be derived, under the assumption that the spinon and holon fields are gapped. One of the remarkable features of this treatment, is that the Landau amplitudes depend on the exchange of low energy virtual spinons and holons. We end the paper with a discussion on the extension of our approach to the lattice, where the spinon-holon is expected to close at a quantum critical point.Comment: 18 pages. Version 2 revised after referees comment

CCD Positions of Saturn and its Major Satellites from 2002-2006

International audienceThis paper presents 2154 precise positions of Saturn and its major satellites from 359 CCD exposures taken with the 1 m telescope at the Yunnan Observatory during the years 2002-2006. It also describes the improved image-processing techniques for the pixel positional measurement of Saturn's rings and its major satellites, especially for Mimas and Enceladus. The four bright satellites S3-S6 (i.e., Tethys, Dione, Rhea, and Titan) of Saturn are used to calibrate the CCD field of view by comparing their pixel positions with their theoretical ones from the theory TASS1.7. The observational positions of these major satellites, when measured with respect to Rhea, usually have a good agreement with their theoretical ones except for Mimas, which has the biggest systematic difference of about -0.3 arcsec in R.A. in its 2002 observational data sets. However, these differences of Mimas become much smaller when the recent Jet Propulsion Laboratory ephemeris is replaced. The rms errors in each coordinate are about 40 mas for Saturn and its bright satellites S2-S6, and 90 mas for Mimas. These positional observations are comparable to the best ground-based CCD observations

A eukaryotic specific transmembrane segment is required for tetramerization in AMPA receptors

Most fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the nervous system is mediated by glutamate acting through ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs). iGluRs (AMPA, kainate, and NMDA receptor subtypes) are tetrameric assemblies, formed as a dimer of dimers. Still, the mechanism underlying tetramerization-the necessary step for the formation of functional receptors that can be inserted into the plasma membrane-is unknown. All eukaryotic compared to prokaryotic iGluR subunits have an additional transmembrane segment, theM4segment, which positions the physiologically critical C-terminal domain on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane.AMPAreceptor (AMPAR) subunits lacking M4 do not express on the plasma membrane. Here, we show that these constructs are retained in the endoplasmic reticulum, the major cellular compartment mediating protein oligomerization. Using approaches to assay the native oligomeric state of AMPAR subunits, we find that subunits lacking M4 or containing single amino acid substitutions along an "interacting" face of the M4 helix that block surface expression no longer tetramerize in either homomeric or heteromeric assemblies. In contrast, subunit dimerization appears to be largely intact. These experiments define the M4 segment as a unique functional unit in AMPARs that is required for the critical dimer-to-tetramer transition. © 2013 the authors

Non-Fermi Liquid Behavior In Quantum Critical Systems

The problem of an electron gas interacting via exchanging transverse gauge bosons is studied using the renormalization group method. The long wavelength behavior of the gauge field is shown to be in the Gaussian universality class with a dynamical exponent $z=3$ in dimensions $D \geq 2$. This implies that the gauge coupling constant is exactly marginal. Scattering of the electrons by the gauge mode leads to non-Fermi liquid behavior in $D \leq 3$. The asymptotic electron and gauge Green's functions, interaction vertex, specific heat and resistivity are presented.Comment: 9 pages in REVTEX 2.0. Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett. 3 figures in postscript files can be obtained at [email protected]. The filename is gan.figures.tar.z and it's compressed. You can uncompress it by using commands: "uncompress gan.figures.tar.z" and "tar xvf gan.figures.tar

Evolution of turbulence and in-plane vortices in the near field flow behind multi-scale planar grids

In this experimental work, we carry out detailed two-dimensional particle image velocimetry investigations for the near field wakes behind a conventional and two multi-scale planar grids, using stitched camera fields of view. Statistical independent measurements are conducted focusing on the first few mesh distances downstream of the grid. It is found that the multiple integral length scales originated from the grids loose their importance on the turbulence development after about three mesh distances downstream, much earlier than the distance where the turbulence becomes homogeneous. The largest eddy size, represented by the integral length scales, does not show clear differences in its growth rate among the three grids after an initial development of three times the largest grid size downstream. Nevertheless, when examining individual vortex behaviours using conditional averaging and filtering processes, clear differences are found. The grids are found to have different decay rates of peak vorticity and projected vortex strengths. Despite these differences, the in-plane vorticity correlation function reveals that the mean vortex shape of all the grids shows a universal near-Gaussian pattern which does not change much as the turbulence decays