Human Y chromosome as a genetic marker

The aim of this article was to determine genetic diversity (using a universal marker of Y-chromosome) within individual populations and identify the ancestral haplotype, participated in the ethnogenesis of the peoples. © IDOSI Publications, 2013

The use of histochrome in the complex treatment of the patients with acute coronary syndrome with ST segment depression diagnosed on ECG

© 2014 the author(s). The article presents high clinical efficiency and the absence of side effects of the use of histochrome in the complex treatment of the patients with acute coronary syndrome with ST segment depression diagnosed on ECG

Analysis of the risk-factors of cardio-vascular disease in Russia and its regions

© 2014 by the author(s). For the long time in the structure of the mortality reasons the dominant role belongs to the circulatory diseases, which are determine more than half of the deaths. At the same time, the situation differs in different countries and there are evidences that in most of the developed countries the rate of the deaths caused by cardio-vascular diseases is significantly lower than in Russia. It's necessary to organize further researches dedicated to the determination of the risk factors in Russia and its regions to determine the causes of deaths

Isolation, culture and differentiation of rat (Rattus norvegicus) and hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) adipose derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells

Cell therapy of various diseases is one of the most perspective fields in modern medicine. Adipose derived autological stem cells can be obtained for therapeutic purposes. Animal model of human diseases are essential for cell therapy research. However, the most frequently used laboratory animals, such as rats and mice, can't suffer the whole rate of common diseases of modern society. At the same time Syrian hamsters can provide scientists with an appropriate animal models of these diseases. Nevertheless, we couldn't find any data on hamsters' stem cells isolation and their characteristics. In this study we first isolated Syrian hamster's adipose derived stem cells, characterized their morphology, features and differential potential in several ways. These cells are much alike multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells and can go through osteogenic and, adipogenic differentiation. We have also shown that these cells can differentiate in neurogenic way

Medico-social markers of a federal university students� health

This article is an interdisciplinary research project at the intersection of biomedicine and social sciences dedicated to the reproduction of students' health. Health is the most important capital for an active social life and self-realization of young people in training, career activities and future family life. The education in high school is an important step in the lives of young people, in the course of which the basic elements of lifestyle are examined together with habits, values and priorities. The project is aimed at identifying trends in the reproduction of social and physical health of students in the university institutional environment and the development of its potential as a personnel reserve of the country. The bank of genomic DNA samples, medical and social health passports of the experimental group, received due to the research, enable to identify the mechanisms of disease occurrence and to develop the new methods of treatment and prevention, as well as to create a model for evaluating the social and physical potential of students of the federal universities

Cellular and receptor mechanisms of impairment of myocardium and aorta contractility at Alzheimer's disease model

Introduction: Recent studies certify the existence of link between Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular pathology, however the mechanisms of this phenomenon is unclear. Here we studied the influence of Alzheimer's β-amyloid peptide (βAP) on the contractility of rat myocardium and aorta. Material and methods: Contractility of myocardium ventricle strips and transverse fragments of abdominal aorta was measured at Power Lab setup using conventional myographic technique. Contractile responses of aorta strips were evoked by application of receptor agonists, contractile responses of myocardium - by electrical stimulation. Contractile responses of aorta strips after application of carbachol (10-6-10-4 M), histamine (10 -6-10-4 M), norepinephrine (10-5-10 -3 M) and ATP (10-6-10-4 M) were measured. Results and discussion: We found the impairment of carbachol- and histamine-induced contractility of aorta, appearing as perverse contractile reactions (relaxation instead of contraction) under the action of βAP (10-6 M). Next, we found βAP-induced impairments of ventricle myocardium contractility, appearing as decrease of relaxation phase duration and increase of relaxation speed (positive lusitropic effect). Also, own positive lusitropic effect of norepinephrine was absent in presence of βAP (10 -6M). Thus, βAP(25-35) significantly impairs the contractility of rat myocardium and aorta, as well as processes of its regulation. Obtained data significantly broad our understanding of mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and pathophysiology of cardiovascular system

Genetic methods in honey bee breeding

The honey bee Apis mellifera is a rather difficult object for selection due to the peculiarities of its biology. Breeding activities in beekeeping are aimed at obtaining bee colonies with high rates of economically useful traits, such as productivity, resistance to low temperatures and diseases, hygienic behavior, oviposition of the queen, etc. With two apiaries specializing in the breeding of A. m. mellifera and A. m. carnica as examples, the application of genetic methods in the selection of honey bees is considered. The first stage of the work was subspecies identification based on the analysis of the polymorphism of the intergenic mtDNA locus tRNAleu-COII (or COI-COII) and microsatellite nuclear DNA loci Ap243, 4a110, A24, A8, A43, A113, A88, Ap049, A28. This analysis confirmed that the studied colonies correspond to the declared subspecies. In the apiary with A. m. mellifera, hybrid colonies have been identified. A method based on the analysis of polymorphisms of the tRNAleu-COII locus and microsatellite nuclear DNA loci has been developed to identify the dark forest bee A. m. mellifera and does not allow one to differentiate subspecies from C (A. m. carnica and A. m. ligustica) and O (A. m. caucasica) evolutionary lineages from each other. The second stage was the assessment of the allelic diversity of the csd gene. In the apiary containing colonies of A. m. mellifera (N = 15), 20 csd alleles were identified. In the apiary containing colonies of A. m. carnica (N = 44), 41 alleles were identified. Six alleles are shared by both apiaries. DNA diagnostics of bee diseases showed that the studied colonies are healthy. Based on the data obtained, a scheme was developed for obtaining primary material for honey bee breeding, which can subsequently be subjected to selection according to economically useful traits. In addition, the annual assessment of the allelic diversity of the csd gene will shed light on the frequency of formation of new allelic variants and other issues related to the evolution of this gene

Liver pathomorphology of Mus musculus C57BL6 on atherogenic diet

Atherosclerosis is one of the leading causes of disability and death worldwide. Liver plays a huge role in pathogenesis of atherogenic dislipidemia, development and progression of atherosclerotic lesions. We studied the effect of atherogenic diet on liver morphology in animal model of diet-induced atherosclerosis in mice Mus musculus C57BI6. This strain has a natural ability to develop atherosclerosis, while some other mouse stains has not. After 14 weeks on atherogenic diet a severe hepathomegaly (9% of body mass) and lobular structure deformation was found. We also observed signs of micro- and macrovesicular steatosis, cell apoptosis, fibrosis and inflammatory leukocyte infiltration. So, liver not only plays an important role in dislipidemia, but it is also a target-organ in lipid metabolism imbalance

Genetic markers for the resistance of honey bee to Varroa destructor

In the mid-20th century, the first case of infection of European bees Apis mellifera L. with the ectoparasite mite Varroa destructor was recorded. The original host of this mite is the Asian bee Apis cerana. The mite V. destructor was widespread throughout Europe, North and South America, and Australia remained the only continent free from this parasite. Without acaricide treatment any honeybee colony dies within 1–4 years. The use of synthetic acaricides has not justified itself – they make beekeeping products unsuitable and mites develop resistance to them, which forces the use of even greater concentrations that can be toxic to the bees. Therefore, the only safe measure to combat the mite is the use of biological control methods. One of these methods is the selection of bee colonies with natural mite resistance. In this article we summarize publications devoted to the search for genetic markers associated with resistance to V. destructor. The first part discusses the basic mechanisms of bee resistance (Varroa sensitive hygienic behavior and grooming) and methods for their assessment. The second part focuses on research aimed at searching for loci and candidate genes associated with resistance to varroosis by mapping quantitative traits loci and genome-wide association studies. The third part summarizes studies of the transcriptome profile of Varroa resistant bees. The last part discusses the most likely candidate genes – potential markers for breeding Varroa resistant bees. Resistance to the mite is manifested in a variety of phenotypes and is under polygenic control. The establishing of gene pathways involved in resistance to Varroa will help create a methodological basis for the selection of Varroa resistant honeybee colonies

Membrane microvesicles: Biological properties and involvement in pathogenesis of diseases

membrane vesicles, which are released from surface of cells under normal conditions as well as in response to stimulation or destruction of cells (platelets, erythrocytes, leukocytes, endothelial cells, transformed cells, etc.). For a long time it was believed that MV do not play a significant role and were considered to be inert «waste», released by cells during their life, but accumulating evidence indicates the important role of MV in different physiological and pathological processes. To date, the databases PUBMED, OMIM and GENE accumulated a large number of publications devoted to the study of the ability of microvesicles to carry a variety of biologically active substances (lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, etc), the use of microvesicles as diagnostic markers and the influence of membrane microvesicles on the development of various diseases. © Human stem cells institute, 2013