37 research outputs found

    RĂŽle de l'activation musculaire sur la dynamique des Ă©coulements veineux

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    PARIS7-BibliothĂšque centrale (751132105) / SudocSudocFranceF

    The effect of walking on the leg venous pressure: numerical and physical modelling

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    The aim of this work is twofold: to develop a quick and accurate numerical tool for studying the venous return and to set up an ambitious experiment to gain better understanding of treatment and prevention of CVI. [All rights reserved Elsevier].Anglai

    Nouvelle mĂ©thode de reconstruction de l’image d’un tube collabable, modĂ©lisant l’écoulement veineux sous accĂ©lĂ©ration

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    Le dĂ©bit veineux engendre un fort gradient de pression entre les membres infĂ©rieurs et le cƓur. Afin d’assurer convenablement la circulation sanguine, diffĂ©rents mĂ©canismes coexistent tels l’appui plantaire, la pompe du mollet, la respiration, les accĂ©lĂ©rations dues Ă  la marche ainsi que l’action du cƓur. Ces phĂ©nomĂšnes conjoints induisent un dĂ©placement rapide de la paroi des vaisseaux ainsi que des fluctuations de l’écoulement veineux ayant des effets globaux sur la circulation. Nous avons dĂ©veloppĂ© un programme de recherche incluant une partie expĂ©rimentale pouvant ĂȘtre validĂ©e numĂ©riquement. Les lois qui dĂ©crivent le comportement mĂ©canique des tuyaux sont obtenues Ă  l’aide de la reconstruction d’images lors du collabage du tube et impliquent un calcul prĂ©cis sur les sections droites. Cette communication prĂ©sente un nouveau dispositif expĂ©rimental acceptant de fortes accĂ©lĂ©rations verticales ainsi qu’une nouvelle mĂ©thode de reconstruction d’images permettant une mesure prĂ©cise de l’aire de la section droite de tubes collabables

    Nouvelle méthode de reconstruction de l'image d'un tube collable, modélisant l'écoulement veineux sous accélération

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    Venous flow generates a large pressure gradient between lower limbs and the heart. In order to correctly ensure blood circulation, several mechanisms coexist such as the plantar arch pump, the calf pump, breathing, walk accelerations and naturally, the heart action. These added mechanisms provide rapid variations of the wall vessels position and the fluctuations on the venous flow that have global effects on the circulatory flow. We developed a research program including an experimental set-up that could be numerically validated. Nevertheless, mechanical tube laws evaluation are image reconstruction dependent when tube collapses and it is thus necessary to compute areas precisely for a right validation of the tube dynamics. This communication introduces a new experimental set-up allowing strong vertical accelerations and also presents a new image reconstruction method to compute cross-section areas in collapsible tubes. A new image reconstruction method of a collapsible tube, modelling venous flow under acceleration.Le dĂ©bit veineux engendre un fort gradient de pression entre les membres infĂ©rieurs et le coeur. Afin d’assurer convenablement la circulation sanguine, diffĂ©rents mĂ©canismes coexistent tels l’appui plantaire, la pompe du mollet, la respiration, les accĂ©lĂ©rations dues Ă  la marche ainsi que l’action du cƓur. Ces phĂ©nomĂšnes conjoints induisent un dĂ©placement rapide de la paroi des vaisseaux ainsi que des fluctuations de l’écoulement veineux ayant des effets globaux sur la circulation. Nous avons dĂ©veloppĂ© un programme de recherche incluant une partie expĂ©rimentale pouvant ĂȘtre validĂ©e numĂ©riquement. Les lois qui dĂ©crivent le comportement mĂ©canique des tuyaux sont obtenues Ă  l’aide de la reconstruction d’images lors du collabage du tube et impliquent un calcul prĂ©cis sur les sections droites. Cette communication prĂ©sente un nouveau dispositif expĂ©rimental acceptant de fortes accĂ©lĂ©rations verticales ainsi qu’une nouvelle mĂ©thode de reconstruction d’images permettant une mesure prĂ©cise de l’aire de la section droite de tubes collabables.Guesdon Pascal, Flaud Patrice, Counord Jean-Louis, Faure StĂ©phane. Nouvelle mĂ©thode de reconstruction de l'image d'un tube collable, modĂ©lisant l'Ă©coulement veineux sous accĂ©lĂ©ration . In: L'eau et le monde vivant. 28Ăšmes JournĂ©es de l'Hydraulique. CongrĂšs de la SociĂ©tĂ© Hydrotechnique de France. Paris, 12 et 13 octobre 2004. 2004

    Genome engineering of the major goat pathogen Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae as a first step towards the rational design of improved vaccines

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    Background- Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae (Mccp) is the causative agent of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP), a disease listed by the world organization for animal health (WOAH) threatening goat production in Africa and Asia. Although a few commercial inactivated vaccines are available, they do not comply with WOAH standards and their efficacy is questioned. One of the limiting factors to comprehend the molecular pathogenesis of CCPP and develop improved vaccines has been the lack of tools for Mccp genome engineering. Results- In this study, synthetic biology techniques, recently developed for closely related mycoplasmas, were adapted to Mccp. CReasPy-cloning was used to simultaneously clone and engineer the Mccp genome in yeast, prior to whole genome transplantation into M. capricolum subsp. capricolum recipient cells. This approach was used to knock-out an S41 serine protease gene identified as a potential virulence factor, leading to the generation of the first site-specific Mccp mutants. This approach was further extended to two other field strains of Mccp using CReasPy-Fusion, a method that allows to clone and edit bacterial genomes in yeast through cell-to-cell contact. Furthermore, the Cre-lox recombination system was applied to remove all DNA sequences added during genome engineering. Finally, the resulting unmarked S41 serine protease mutants were validated by genome sequencing and their non-caseinolytic phenotype was confirmed by casein digestion assay. Conclusion- Synthetic biology tools were successfully implemented in Mccp. This innovation allows constructing targeted Mccp mutants at ease, which will be of great help to decipher Mccp pathogenicity determinants and develop novel vaccines
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