9 research outputs found

    Toxigenic potential and antimicrobial susceptibility of Bacillus cereus group bacteria isolated from Tunisian foodstuffs

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    International audienceBackground: Despite the importance of the B. cereus group as major foodborne pathogens that may cause diarrheal and/or emetic syndrome(s), no study in Tunisia has been conducted in order to characterize the pathogenic potential of the B. cereus group. The aim of this study was to assess the sanitary potential risks of 174 B. cereus group strains isolated from different foodstuffs by detecting and profiling virulence genes (hblA, hblB, hblC, hblD, nheA, nheB, nheC, cytK, bceT and ces), testing the isolates cytotoxic activity on Caco-2 cells and antimicrobial susceptibility towards 11 antibiotics. Results: The entertoxin genes detected among B. cereus isolates were, in decreasing order, nheA (98.9%), nheC (97.7%) and nheB (86.8%) versus hblC (54.6%), hblD (54.6%), hblA (29.9%) and hblB (14.9%), respectively encoding for Non-hemolytic enterotoxin (NHE) and Hemolysin BL (HBL). The isolates are multi-toxigenic, harbouring at least one gene of each NHE and HBL complexes associated or not to bceT, cytK-2 and ces genes. Based on the incidence of virulence genes, the strains were separated into 12 toxigenic groups. Isolates positive for cytK (37,9%) harbored the cytK-2 variant. The detection rates of bceT and ces genes were 50.6 and 4%, respectively. When bacteria were incubated in BHI-YE at 30°C for 18 h and for 5 d, 70.7 and 35% of the strains were shown to be cytotoxic to Caco-2 cells, respectively. The cytotoxicity of B. cereus strains depended on the food source of isolation. The presence of virulence factors is not always consistent with cytotoxicity. However, different combinations of enterotoxin genetic determinants are significantly associated to the cytotoxic potential of the bacteria. All strains were fully sensitive to rifampicin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, and gentamycin. The majority of the isolates were susceptible to streptomycin, kanamycin, erythromycin, vancomycin and tetracycline but showed resistance to ampicillin and novobiocin. Conclusion: Our results contribute data that are primary to facilitate risk assessments in order to prevent food poisoning due to B. cereus group

    Detection of AmpC and ESBL-producing Enterobacterales isolated from urinary tract infections in Tunisia

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    Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most frequent human infections in community and hospitals. This study aimed to determine the distribution of bacterial uropathogens among urinary tract infections diagnosed within the regional hospital Houcine Bouzaiene (Gafsa, South West Tunisia) during a survey of 54 days from the 8th of November to the 31st of December 2017. Enterobacterales strains were tested for antimicrobial resistance by disk diffusion method and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production was tested by double-disc synergy test. Strains were further subjected to a molecular assessment of ESBL and AmpC beta-lactamase production by PCR. Overall, 173 bacterial isolates were studied, out of which 91.3% were Enterobacterales. Escherichia coli was the dominant pathogen, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae. High to moderate resistance rates were observed, ranging from 66% to 90.7% for penicillin, from 6.7% to 18.6% for cephalosporins and from 16.2% to 25.4% for fluoroquinolones. Enterobacterales with decreased susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins (3rd GC) carried several resistance genes: bIaCTX-M group 1 and group 9, and ACC and FOX AmpC beta-lactamase genes. Overall, ESBLs and AmpC beta-lactamases were detected in 57% and 14% of the 3rd GC-resistant isolates, respectively. This study proved the high potential of K. pneumaniae species to develop resistance against commonly used antibiotics. Thus, rigorous monitoring of the antibiotic resistance of clinical pathogens have to be implemented in Tunisia. Our results are very relevant to evaluate efficiency of the Tunisian therapeutic strategies against UTIs and adapt them to the emerging problem of antimicrobial resistance

    Maitrise des risques de contamination des produits alimentaires par le groupe Bacillus cereus.

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    Cette thĂšse s’est intĂ©ressĂ©e Ă  Ă©valuer le niveau de risque reprĂ©sentĂ© par les bactĂ©ries du groupe Bacillus cereus dans des aliments tunisiens et Ă  tester l’efficacitĂ© de leur contrĂŽle par le traitement des surfaces industrielles par des bactĂ©riophages. Une collection de 191 isolats a Ă©tĂ© crĂ©Ă©e Ă  partir de 687 matrices alimentaires. PrĂšs de 40 % des isolats se sont avĂ©rĂ©s appartenir au groupe, avec une forte diversitĂ© gĂ©nĂ©tique (143 profils PFGE et 99 profils ERICPCR) et un profil thermique intermĂ©diaire (signatures 16S rDNA-1 m et-2 p). PrĂšs de 60 % des isolats du groupe appartiennent au groupe phylogĂ©nĂ©tique III, potentiellement pathogĂšne. Les spores prĂ©sentent majoritairement un taux d’adhĂ©sion plus fort que les cellules vĂ©gĂ©tatives. Douze groupes toxinogĂšnes ont Ă©tĂ© mis en Ă©vidence. Au moins un des gĂšnes de chacun des complexes NHE et HBL sont prĂ©sents, associĂ©s ou non Ă  bceT, cytK-2 et ces. AprĂšs 18 h d’incubation Ă  30°C, prĂšs de 71% des isolats sont cytotoxiques. DiffĂ©rentes combinaisons de facteurs de virulence sont associĂ©es au potentiel cytotoxique et un lien apparait clairement entre cytotoxicitĂ© et type d’aliment. La collection s’est montrĂ©e sensible Ă  de nombreux antibiotiques, alors qu’elle prĂ©sente une rĂ©sistance Ă  l'ampicilline et Ă  la novobiocine. Sur les 7 bactĂ©riophages sĂ©lectionnĂ©s, 5 possĂšdent un profil protĂ©ique unique alors qu’ils prĂ©sentent tous une taille de gĂ©nome et des profils de restriction similaires. Ils permettent de prĂ©venir la formation de biofilms et de les traiter. Ce travail confirme le risque sanitaire liĂ© Ă  la prĂ©sence du groupe B. cereus dans les aliments tunisiens et le rĂŽle prometteur des bactĂ©riophages comme outils de biocontrĂŽle.This thesis focused on evaluating the level of risk represented by Bacillus cereus group bacteria in Tunisian food and testing the effectiveness of their control by treating industrial surfaces with bacteriophages. A collection of 191 isolates was created from 687 food matrices. Nearly 40% of the isolates were found to belong to the group, with high genetic diversity (143 PFGE profiles and 99 ERIC-PCR profiles) and an intermediate thermal profile (signatures 16S rDNA-1 m and-2 p). Nearly 60% of the group's isolates belong to the phylogenetic group III, which is potentially pathogenic. Spores have a higher rate of adhesion than vegetative cells. Twelve toxigenic groups have been identified. At least one of the genes of each of the NHE and HBL complexes are present, whether or not associated with bceT, cytK 2 and these. After 18 hours of incubation at 30°C, nearly 71% of the isolates are cytotoxic. Different combinations of virulence factors are associated with cytotoxic potential and a clear link appears between cytotoxicity and food type. The collection has been shown to be sensitive to many antibiotics, while it is resistant to ampicillin and novobiocin. Of the 7 bacteriophages selected, 5 have a unique protein profile while all have similar genome size and restriction profiles. They are used to treat and prevent the formation of biofilms. This work confirms the health risk associated with the presence of the B. cereus group in Tunisian foods and the promising role of bacteriophages as biocontrol tool

    Maitrise des risques de contamination des produits alimentaires tunisiens par le groupe Bacillus cereus

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    This thesis focused on evaluating the level of risk represented by Bacillus cereus group bacteria in Tunisian food and testing the effectiveness of their control by treating industrial surfaces with bacteriophages. A collection of 191 isolates was created from 687 food matrices. Nearly 40% of the isolates were found to belong to the group, with high genetic diversity (143 PFGE profiles and 99 ERIC-PCR profiles) and an intermediate thermal profile (signatures 16S rDNA-1 m and-2 p). Nearly 60% of the group's isolates belong to the phylogenetic group III, which is potentially pathogenic. Spores have a higher rate of adhesion than vegetative cells. Twelve toxigenic groups have been identified.At least one of the genes of each of the NHE and HBL complexes are present, whether or not associated with bceT, cytK 2 and these. After 18 hours of incubation at 30°C, nearly 71% of the isolates are cytotoxic. Different combinations of virulence factors are associated with cytotoxic potential and a clear link appears between cytotoxicity and food type. The collection has been shown to be sensitive to many antibiotics, while it is resistant to ampicillin and novobiocin. Of the 7 bacteriophages selected, 5 have a unique protein profile while all have similar genome size and restriction profiles. They are used to prevent the formation of biofilms and to treat them. This work confirms the health risk associated with the presence of the B. cereus group in Tunisian foods and the promising role of bacteriophages as biocontrol tools.Cette thĂšse s’est intĂ©ressĂ©e Ă  Ă©valuer le niveau de risque reprĂ©sentĂ© par les bactĂ©ries du groupe Bacillus cereus dans des aliments tunisiens et Ă  tester l’efficacitĂ© de leur contrĂŽle par le traitement des surfaces industrielles par des bactĂ©riophages. Une collection de 191 isolats a Ă©tĂ© crĂ©Ă©e Ă  partir de 687 matrices alimentaires. PrĂšs de 40 % des isolats se sont avĂ©rĂ©s appartenir au groupe, avec une forte diversitĂ© gĂ©nĂ©tique (143 profils PFGE et 99 profils ERIC-PCR) et un profil thermique intermĂ©diaire (signatures 16S rDNA-1 m et-2 p). PrĂšs de 60 % des isolats du groupe appartiennent au groupe phylogĂ©nĂ©tique III, potentiellement pathogĂšne. Les spores prĂ©sentent majoritairement un taux d’adhĂ©sion plus fort que les cellules vĂ©gĂ©tatives. Douze groupes toxinogĂšnes ont Ă©tĂ© mis en Ă©vidence.Au moins un des gĂšnes de chacun des complexes NHE et HBL sont prĂ©sents, associĂ©s ou non Ă  bceT, cytK 2 et ces. AprĂšs 18 h d’incubation Ă  30°C, prĂšs de 71% des isolats sont cytotoxiques. DiffĂ©rentes combinaisons de facteurs de virulence sont associĂ©es au potentiel cytotoxique et un lien apparait clairement entre cytotoxicitĂ© et type d’aliment. La collection s’est montrĂ©e sensible Ă  de nombreux antibiotiques, alors qu’elle prĂ©sente une rĂ©sistance Ă  l'ampicilline et Ă  la novobiocine. Sur les 7 bactĂ©riophages sĂ©lectionnĂ©s, 5 possĂšdent un profil protĂ©ique unique alors qu’ils prĂ©sentent tous une taille de gĂ©nome et des profils de restriction similaires. Ils permettent de prĂ©venir et de les traiter la formation de biofilms. Ce travail confirme le risque sanitaire liĂ© Ă  la prĂ©sence du groupe B. ce

    Contamination risks control of food products by B. cereus group.

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    Cette thĂšse s’est intĂ©ressĂ©e Ă  Ă©valuer le niveau de risque reprĂ©sentĂ© par les bactĂ©ries du groupe Bacillus cereus dans des aliments tunisiens et Ă  tester l’efficacitĂ© de leur contrĂŽle par le traitement des surfaces industrielles par des bactĂ©riophages. Une collection de 191 isolats a Ă©tĂ© crĂ©Ă©e Ă  partir de 687 matrices alimentaires. PrĂšs de 40 % des isolats se sont avĂ©rĂ©s appartenir au groupe, avec une forte diversitĂ© gĂ©nĂ©tique (143 profils PFGE et 99 profils ERIC-PCR) et un profil thermique intermĂ©diaire (signatures 16S rDNA-1 m et-2 p). PrĂšs de 60 % des isolats du groupe appartiennent au groupe phylogĂ©nĂ©tique III, potentiellement pathogĂšne. Les spores prĂ©sentent majoritairement un taux d’adhĂ©sion plus fort que les cellules vĂ©gĂ©tatives. Douze groupes toxinogĂšnes ont Ă©tĂ© mis en Ă©vidence.Au moins un des gĂšnes de chacun des complexes NHE et HBL sont prĂ©sents, associĂ©s ou non Ă  bceT, cytK 2 et ces. AprĂšs 18 h d’incubation Ă  30°C, prĂšs de 71% des isolats sont cytotoxiques. DiffĂ©rentes combinaisons de facteurs de virulence sont associĂ©es au potentiel cytotoxique et un lien apparait clairement entre cytotoxicitĂ© et type d’aliment. La collection s’est montrĂ©e sensible Ă  de nombreux antibiotiques, alors qu’elle prĂ©sente une rĂ©sistance Ă  l'ampicilline et Ă  la novobiocine. Sur les 7 bactĂ©riophages sĂ©lectionnĂ©s, 5 possĂšdent un profil protĂ©ique unique alors qu’ils prĂ©sentent tous une taille de gĂ©nome et des profils de restriction similaires. Ils permettent de prĂ©venir et de les traiter la formation de biofilms. Ce travail confirme le risque sanitaire liĂ© Ă  la prĂ©sence du groupe B. cerThis thesis focused on evaluating the level of risk represented by Bacillus cereus group bacteria in Tunisian food and testing the effectiveness of their control by treating industrial surfaces with bacteriophages. A collection of 191 isolates was created from 687 food matrices. Nearly 40% of the isolates were found to belong to the group, with high genetic diversity (143 PFGE profiles and 99 ERIC-PCR profiles) and an intermediate thermal profile (signatures 16S rDNA-1 m and-2 p). Nearly 60% of the group's isolates belong to the phylogenetic group III, which is potentially pathogenic. Spores have a higher rate of adhesion than vegetative cells. Twelve toxigenic groups have been identified.At least one of the genes of each of the NHE and HBL complexes are present, whether or not associated with bceT, cytK 2 and these. After 18 hours of incubation at 30°C, nearly 71% of the isolates are cytotoxic. Different combinations of virulence factors are associated with cytotoxic potential and a clear link appears between cytotoxicity and food type. The collection has been shown to be sensitive to many antibiotics, while it is resistant to ampicillin and novobiocin. Of the 7 bacteriophages selected, 5 have a unique protein profile while all have similar genome size and restriction profiles. They are used to prevent the formation of biofilms and to treat them. This work confirms the health risk associated with the presence of the B. cereus group in Tunisian foods and the promising role of bacteriophages as biocontrol tools

    Prévalence et caractérisation toxigénique et antibiotypique des souches de Bacillus cereus isolées des denrées alimentaires en Tunisie

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    Les bactĂ©ries du groupe Bacillus cereus sont ubiquitaires sporulĂ©es et reconnues comme des pathogĂšnes opportunistes pouvant contaminer un grand nombre d’aliments. Notre travail porte sur l’étude de la prĂ©valence, de la diversitĂ© gĂ©nĂ©tique et du pouvoir pathogĂšne de souches du groupe B. cereus. Au total, 687 Ă©chantillons (cĂ©rĂ©ales ; Ă©pices ; plats cuisinĂ©s ; salades ; viandes de volailles crues et cuites ; produits pĂątissiers, laitiers, de conserve et de la mer) ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©s en Tunisie afin d’évaluer leur taux de contamination par dĂ©nombrement sur gĂ©lose MYP. Parmi les colonies prĂ©somptives (uniformes, de couleur rose-orange et entourĂ©es d'une zone de prĂ©cipitation), une seule a Ă©tĂ© repiquĂ©e par Ă©chantillon et conservĂ©e en cryoculture. Cent-quatre-vingt-onze Ă©chantillons (27,8% des Ă©chantillons) positifs ont ainsi donnĂ© lieu Ă  la crĂ©ation d’une collection de 191 isolats du groupe B. cereus. Pour 77,5% des Ă©chantillons, le taux de contamination s’est avĂ©rĂ© ĂȘtre infĂ©rieur Ă  103 cfu/ g- ml. Des concentrations plus Ă©levĂ©es (> 104 cfu/ g- ml) ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©es dans 6,8% des Ă©chantillons, y compris les salades, les plats cuisinĂ©s, les cĂ©rĂ©ales et les produits pĂątissiers. Les isolats prĂ©somptifs du groupe B. cereus ont fait l’objet d’une identification par un test PCR ciblant la sĂ©quence du gĂšne sspE, spĂ©cifique du groupe. Ainsi, 174 isolats se sont avĂ©rĂ©s positifs. Le pourcentage d'Ă©chantillons contaminĂ©s Ă©tait de 67.6 %, 46.2 %, 40.8%, 32.7%, 32.3%, 28.8%, 16.7%, 9.4%, 5.0% et 4,8% dans la catĂ©gorie des cĂ©rĂ©ales, produits pĂątissiers, aliments, viande de volaille cuite, produits de la mer, Ă©pices, conserves, viande de volaille crue, salades et produits laitiers, respectivement.La diversitĂ© gĂ©nĂ©tique a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e par des mĂ©thodes de typage molĂ©culaire : l’ERIC-PCR et la PFGE. L'analyse des profils PFGE et ERIC-PCR a permis de discriminer 143 et 99 clusters diffĂ©rents, respectivement. Afin d’étudier leur pouvoir pathogĂšne, les isolats du groupe B. cereus ont fait l’objet d’une Ă©valuation du pouvoir pathogĂšne : prĂ©sence de gĂšnes de virulence, activitĂ© cytotoxique sur cellules Caco-2 et rĂ©sistance aux antibiotiques. Les rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© la prĂ©sence des gĂšnes codant pour les entĂ©rotoxines suivantes : hblA (29.9%), hblB (14.9%), hblC (54.6%), hblD (54.6%), nheA (98.9%), nheB (86.8%), nheC (97.7%), cytK (37.9%) et bceT (50.6%). Le gĂšne codant pour le cĂ©reulide n’a Ă©tĂ© mis en Ă©vidence que chez 7 isolats (4%). La distribution des diffĂ©rents gĂšnes de virulence au sein de la collection a permis de classer les souches en douze groupes. AprĂšs incubation en milieu BHI-YE Ă  30°C, 70,7% et 35% des souches se sont avĂ©rĂ©es cytotoxiques (provoquant plus de 50% d'inhibition des cellules Caco-2) aprĂšs 18 h et 5 j, respectivement. Un lien apparait clairement entre la cytotoxicitĂ© des souches et le type d’aliment dont elles sont issues. Cependant, aucun des facteurs de virulence n'a pu, individuellement ou en combinaison, expliquer la cytotoxicitĂ© des souches Ă©tudiĂ©es. La majoritĂ© des souches s’est montrĂ©e sensible Ă  de nombreux agents antimicrobiens mais prĂ©sentait une rĂ©sistance Ă  l'ampicilline et Ă  la novobiocine. L’ensemble de ces donnĂ©es souligne l’importance de contrĂŽler le risque associĂ© Ă  la prĂ©sence de ces bactĂ©ries dans les aliments tunisiens

    Isolation, Identification, Prevalence, and Genetic Diversity of Bacillus cereus Group Bacteria From Different Foodstuffs in Tunisia

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    Bacillus cereus group is widespread in nature and foods. Several members of this group are recognized as causing food spoilage and/or health issues. This study was designed to determine the prevalence and genetic diversity of the B. cereus group strains isolated in Tunisia from different foods (cereals, spices, cooked food, fresh-cut vegetables, raw and cooked poultry meats, seafood, canned, pastry, and dairy products). In total, 687 different samples were collected and searched for the presence of the B. cereus group after selective plating on MYP agar and enumeration of each sample. The typical pink-orange uniform colonies surrounded by a zone of precipitate were assumed to belong to the B. cereus group. One typical colony from each sample was subcultured and preserved as cryoculture. Overall, 191 (27.8%) food samples were found positive, giving rise to a collection of 191 B. cereus-like isolates. The concentration of B. cereus-like bacteria were below 103 cfu/g or ml in 77.5% of the tested samples. Higher counts (>104 cfu/g or ml) were found in 6.8% of samples including fresh-cut vegetables, cooked foods, cereals, and pastry products. To verify whether B. cereus-like isolates belonged to the B. cereus group, a PCR test targeting the sspE gene sequence specific of the group was carried out. Therefore, 174 isolates were found to be positive. Food samples were contaminated as follows: cereals (67.6%), pastry products (46.2%), cooked food (40.8%), cooked poultry meat (32.7%), seafood products (32.3%), spices (28.8%), canned products (16.7%), raw poultry meat (9.4%), fresh-cut vegetables (5.0%), and dairy products (4.8%). The 174 B. cereus isolates were characterized by partial sequencing of the panC gene, using a Sym'Previous software tool to assign them to different phylogenetic groups. Strains were distributed as follows: 61.3, 29.5, 7.5, and 1.7% in the group III, IV, II, and V, respectively. The genetic diversity was further assessed by ERIC-PCR and PFGE typing methods. PFGE and ERIC-PCR patterns analysis allowed discriminating 143 and 99 different profiles, respectivey. These findings, associated to a relatively higher prevalence of B. cereus group in different foods, could be a significant etiological agent of food in Tunisia

    Isolation, Identification, Prevalence, and Genetic Diversity of Bacillus cereus Group Bacteria From Different Foodstuffs in Tunisia

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    Bacillus cereus group is widespread in nature and foods. Several members of this group are recognized as causing food spoilage and/or health issues. This study was designed to determine the prevalence and genetic diversity of the B. cereus group strains isolated in Tunisia from different foods (cereals, spices, cooked food, fresh-cut vegetables, raw and cooked poultry meats, seafood, canned, pastry, and dairy products). In total, 687 different samples were collected and searched for the presence of the B. cereus group after selective plating on MYP agar and enumeration of each sample. The typical pink-orange uniform colonies surrounded by a zone of precipitate were assumed to belong to the B. cereus group. One typical colony from each sample was subcultured and preserved as cryoculture. Overall, 191 (27.8%) food samples were found positive, giving rise to a collection of 191 B. cereus-like isolates. The concentration of B. cereus-like bacteria were below 103 cfu/g or ml in 77.5% of the tested samples. Higher counts (>104 cfu/g or ml) were found in 6.8% of samples including fresh-cut vegetables, cooked foods, cereals, and pastry products. To verify whether B. cereus-like isolates belonged to the B. cereus group, a PCR test targeting the sspE gene sequence specific of the group was carried out. Therefore, 174 isolates were found to be positive. Food samples were contaminated as follows: cereals (67.6%), pastry products (46.2%), cooked food (40.8%), cooked poultry meat (32.7%), seafood products (32.3%), spices (28.8%), canned products (16.7%), raw poultry meat (9.4%), fresh-cut vegetables (5.0%), and dairy products (4.8%). The 174 B. cereus isolates were characterized by partial sequencing of the panC gene, using a Sym'Previous software tool to assign them to different phylogenetic groups. Strains were distributed as follows: 61.3, 29.5, 7.5, and 1.7% in the group III, IV, II, and V, respectively. The genetic diversity was further assessed by ERIC-PCR and PFGE typing methods. PFGE and ERIC-PCR patterns analysis allowed discriminating 143 and 99 different profiles, respectivey. These findings, associated to a relatively higher prevalence of B. cereus group in different foods, could be a significant etiological agent of food in Tunisia
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