3,277 research outputs found
GRB Afterglows from Anisotropic Jets
Some progenitor models of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) (e.g., collapsars) may
produce anisotropic jets in which the energy per unit solid angle is a
power-law function of the angle (). We calculate light
curves and spectra for GRB afterglows when such jets expand either in the
interstellar medium or in the wind medium. In particular, we take into account
two kinds of wind: one () possibly from a typical red
supergiant star and another () possibly from a Wolf-Rayet
star. We find that in each type of medium, one break appears in the late-time
afterglow light curve for small but becomes weaker and smoother as
increases. When , the break seems to disappear but the afterglow decays
rapidly. Thus, one expects that the emission from expanding, highly anisotropic
jets provides a plausible explanation for some rapidly fading afteglows whose
light curves have no break. We also present good fits to the optical afterglow
light curve of GRB 991208. Finally, we argue that this burst might arise from a
highly anisotropic jet expanding in the wind () from a red
supergiant to interpret the observed radio-to-optical-band afterglow data
(spectrum and light curve).Comment: 12 pages + 10 figures, accepted by Ap
Early observations of the Afterglow of GRB000301c
We report multiband observations of the Optical Transient (OT) associated
with GRB000301c carried out between 2--4 March 2000 using the 2.34-m Vainu
Bappu Telescope (VBT) at Kavalur, India. When combined with other reported
data, the initial decline in the R-band magnitude with log (), the time
since the burst is fit with a slope = -0.70 0.07 which
steepens after about 6.0 days to a slope of = -2.44 0.29.
This change in slope does not occur smoothly but there is an indication for a
bimodal distribution. The available measurements of the evolution of (B--R)
color do not show any discernible evolution in the first 12 days.Comment: 14 pages, 2 postscript figures, Accepted for Publication in ApJ
Letter
Co-citation Analysis: An Overview
This article gives an overview of co-citation analysis and its applications in tracking the linkages among the intellectual works and mapping the evolutionary structure of scientific disciplines. It also focuses on the features, interface, terminology used, merits and demerits of co-citation based online database applications
The Variation of Integrated Star IMFs among Galaxies
The integrated galaxial initial mass function (IGIMF) is the relevant
distribution function containing the information on the distribution of stellar
remnants, the number of supernovae and the chemical enrichment history of a
galaxy. Since most stars form in embedded star clusters with different masses
the IGIMF becomes an integral of the assumed (universal or invariant) stellar
IMF over the embedded star-cluster mass function (ECMF). For a range of
reasonable assumptions about the IMF and the ECMF we find the IGIMF to be
steeper (containing fewer massive stars per star) than the stellar IMF, but
below a few Msol it is invariant and identical to the stellar IMF for all
galaxies. However, the steepening sensitively depends on the form of the ECMF
in the low-mass regime. Furthermore, observations indicate a relation between
the star formation rate of a galaxy and the most massive young stellar cluster
in it. The assumption that this cluster mass marks the upper end of a
young-cluster mass function leads to a connection of the star formation rate
and the slope of the IGIMF above a few Msol. The IGIMF varies with the star
formation history of a galaxy. Notably, large variations of the IGIMF are
evident for dE, dIrr and LSB galaxies with a small to modest stellar mass. We
find that for any galaxy the number of supernovae per star (NSNS) is suppressed
relative to that expected for a Salpeter IMF. Dwarf galaxies have a smaller
NSNS compared to massive galaxies. For dwarf galaxies the NSNS varies
substantially depending on the galaxy assembly history and the assumptions made
about the low-mass end of the ECMF. The findings presented here may be of some
consequence for the cosmological evolution of the number of supernovae per
low-mass star and the chemical enrichment of galaxies of different mass.Comment: 27 pages, accepted for publication by Ap
Physical Parameters for the Afterglows of GRB 980703, 990123, 990510, and 991216 Determined from Modeling of Multi-Frequency Data
We model the radio, optical, and X-ray emission for the afterglows of GRB
980703, 990123, 990510, and 991216, within the framework of relativistic jets,
to determine their physical parameters. The models that yield acceptable fits
to the data have jet energies mostly between 10^{50} to 10^{51} erg and initial
opening angles between 1 deg and 4 deg. The external medium density is
uncertain by at least one order of magnitude in each case, being around
10^{-3}/cm^3 for GRB 980703 and 990123, ~0.1/cm^3 for GRB 990510, and ~3/cm^3
for GRB 991216. If the jets are uniform (i.e. there are no angular gradients of
the energy per solid angle) then the 20 keV -- 1 MeV radiative efficiency
during the GRB phase must have been at least 2-3% for GRB 990510, 20% for GRB
990123, and 30% for GRB 991216.Comment: accepted for publication by the ApJ, vol. 554. 11 pages, color
figures. Last figures replaced with probability distributions of model
parameter
Star Clusters in the Magellanic Clouds-1: Parameterisation and Classification of 1072 Clusters in the LMC
We have introduced a semi-automated quantitative method to estimate the age
and reddening of 1072 star clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) using
the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) III survey data. This study
brings out 308 newly parameterised clusters. In a first of its kind, the LMC
clusters are classified into groups based on richness/mass as very poor, poor,
moderate and rich clusters, similar to the classification scheme of open
clusters in the Galaxy. A major cluster formation episode is found to happen at
125 +- 25 Myr in the inner LMC. The bar region of the LMC appears prominently
in the age range 60 - 250 Myr and is found to have a relatively higher
concentration of poor and moderate clusters. The eastern and the western ends
of the bar are found to form clusters initially, which later propagates to the
central part. We demonstrate that there is a significant difference in the
distribution of clusters as a function of mass, using a movie based on the
propagation (in space and time) of cluster formation in various groups. The
importance of including the low mass clusters in the cluster formation history
is demonstrated. The catalog with parameters, classification, and cleaned and
isochrone fitted CMDs of 1072 clusters, which are available as online material,
can be further used to understand the hierarchical formation of clusters in
selected regions of the LMC.Comment: 19 pages, 19figures, published in MNRAS on August 16, 2016
Supplementary material is available in the MNRAS websit
Memoirs of a General in the Inglorious Revolution
A Review of Order and Law: Arguing the Reagan Revolution: A First-Hand Account by Charles Frie
On the third order structure function for rotating 3D homogeneous turbulent flow
A form for the two-point third order structure function has been calculated
for three dimensional homogeneous incompressible slowly rotating turbulent
fluid. It has been argued that it may possibly hint at the initiation of the
phenomenon of two-dimensionalisation of the 3D incompressible turbulence owing
to rotation.Comment: This revised version corrects some serious flaws in the discussions
after the equation (2) and the equation (13) of the earlier version. Some
typos are also correcte
Further evidence for intra-night optical variability of radio-quiet quasars
Although well established for BL Lac objects and radio-loud quasars, the
occurrence of intra-night optical variability (INOV) in radio-quiet quasars is
still debated, primarily since only a handful of INOV events with good
statistical significance, albeit small amplitude, have been reported so far.
This has motivated us to continue intra-night optical monitoring of bona-fide
radio-quiet quasars (RQQs). Here we present the results for a sample of 11 RQQs
monitored by us on 19 nights. On 5 of these nights a given RQQ was monitored
simultaneously from two well separated observatories. In all, two clear cases
and two probable case of INOV were detected. From these data, we estimate an
INOV duty cycle of 8% for RQQs which would increase to 19% if the
`probable variable' cases are also included. Such comparatively small INOV duty
cycles for RQQs, together with the small INOV amplitudes (1%), are in
accord with the previously deduced characteristics of this phenomenon.Comment: 15 Pages, 4 Tables, 24 Figures; Accepted in BAS
Marketing System and Efficiency of Indian Major Carps in India
The Kolleru Lake area (KLA) in Andhra Pradesh being a predominant centre for carp culture is known as the ‘Carp Pocket of India’. This paper has described the highly efficient fish marketing system prevalent in the KLA and has compared it with the marketing of Indian Major Carps (IMC) in other major aquaculture states like West Bengal and Orissa and marine states like Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. The marketing channels, market intermediaries, price spread and marketing efficiency have been presented. A comparison of the marketing channels at several fish markets has revealed that the price spread for IMC from Kolleru is highest at the Mumbai market and lowest at the Coimbatore market. Consequently, fishermen’s share in consumer price has been found highest for Coimbatore at 61.54 per cent and lowest for Mumbai at 47.06 per cent. Similarly, the marketing efficiency was the highest for Coimbatore at 2.60 and lowest for Mumbai at 1.89. Retail price for KLA carps has been found lower than locally cultured carps at various areas, reflecting the efficiency of the marketing channel in providing cheap fish transported over large distances and through a large number of intermediaries. The reasons for the efficient IMC marketing system at KLA have been discussed and the study has recommended the development of efficient fish marketing system in other parts of the country.Agricultural and Food Policy,
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