On the Intracluster Medium in Cooling Flow & Non-Cooling Flow Clusters

Recent X-ray observations have highlighted clusters that lack entropy cores. At first glance, these results appear to invalidate the preheated ICM models. We show that a self-consistent preheating model, which factors in the effects of radiative cooling, is in excellent agreement with the observations. Moreover, the model naturally explains the intrinsic scatter in the L-T relation, with ``cooling flow'' and ``non-cooling flow'' systems corresponding to mildly and strongly preheated systems, respectively. We discuss why preheating ought to be favoured over merging as a mechanism for the origin of ``non-cooling flow'' clusters.Comment: 4 pages, to appear in the proceedings of the "Multiwavelength Cosmology" Conference held in Mykonos, Greece, June 2003, ed. M. Plionis (Kluwer

ANALYSIS OF IMPORT DEMAND FOR U.S. FRESH GRAPES: AN APPLICATION OF THE ROTTERDAM MODEL

The Rotterdam model was used to determine the demand for fresh table grapes in Canada, Japan, and Sweden from 1971-1990. Results of elastic expenditure elasticities and cross price elasticities indicating that U.S. grapes are considered substitutes for grapes from other countries, suggest that the U.S. grape producers have a competitive edge in these countries. The trade agreements and trade negotiations with Canada and Japan will assist in making relative prices lower for U.S. grapes, encouraging their consumption. Lastly, Canada, Japan, and Sweden are all expected to grow in wealth, as well as their demand for fruit, especially grapes.Crop Production/Industries, International Relations/Trade,

E-democracy: exploring the current stage of e-government

Governments around the world have been pressured to implement e-Government programs in order to improve the government-citizen dialogue. The authors of this article review prior literature on such efforts to find if they lead to increased democratic participation ("e-Democracy") for the affected citizens, with a focus on the key concepts of transparency, openness, and engagement. The authors find that such efforts are a starting point toward e-Democracy, but the journey is far from complete

भीष्म साहनी के कथा - साहित्य में युग-बोध

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Improving the availability of biopesticides : an interdisciplinary research project

There is a need for new, biologically-based crop protection products to serve as alternatives to or to complement synthetic chemical pesticides. An interdisciplinary research team from the natural and social sciences considered whether regulatory barriers were preventing more biopesticides reaching the market. The research coincided with a realisation by policy makers that more needed to be done to facilitate biopesticide registration, exemplified by the UK's Biopesticides Scheme. However, important differences remain between the UK and other countries such as the USA. Changes in regulatory arrangements need careful handling. The scientific work undertaken in the project provided a better understanding of the population biology of microbial control agents. Interdisciplinary work permitted a contribution to the policy debate

Ant-Plant Relationships in a Re-Created Tallgrass Prairie

Relationships between the distributions of nesting ants and flora were investigated in a re-created tallgrass prairie located in northeastern Illinois. One-third of 167 randomly selected 1m2 quadrats in the prairie contained ant nests. Basal coverage of ground by tall grass shoots was greater in quadrats having ant nests than in those lacking ant nests. In addition, clumps of big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii) that were inhabited by the ant, Acanthomyops clavigera, had higher median rank densities than adjacent clumps lacking nests. The clumps also showed a negative correlation between big bluestem shoots/ cm2 and area occupied by the clump at ground level. These significant findings relating to the distribution of nesting ants and tall grasses indicate ants have ecologic importance in re-created prairie that warrants greater scrutiny among restoration scientists

Shedding Light on the Off-Hours Coverage Gap in Radiology: Improving Turnaround Times and Critical Results Reporting

Objective: Devise a plan to optimize off-hours faculty and trainee staffing within the Department of Radiology Measure the magnitude of patient safety gains in terms of report turnaround times (TAT) and critical results communication times (CRC)https://jdc.jefferson.edu/patientsafetyposters/1044/thumbnail.jp