ESTADO DE HIDRATAÇÃO, PEROXIDAÇÃO LIPÍDICA E PRESSÃO ARTERIAL EM ATLETAS AMADORES DE IRONMAN® 70.3

Comparar o estado de hidratação, dano muscular, peroxidação lipídica e pressão arterial em triatletas amadores, antes e após uma prova de Ironman® 70.3. O grupo de estudo foi composto por doze (10 homens e duas mulheres) triatletas amadores (34±8,3 anos). As variáveis foram mensuradas momentos antes e após a prova de Ironman® 70.3. A massa corporal e a pressão arterial reduziram significantemente (p0,05) após a competição. A reposição hidroeletrolítica ao longo da prova foi suficiente para manter os triatletas hidratados. Entretanto, a prova de Ironman® 70.3 ocasionou o desgaste da musculatura esquelética, formação de radicais livres e hipotensão nos triatletas, alterações esperadas para atletas desta modalidade esportiva. Descritores: Desempenho Atlético; Hidratação; Radicais Livres.

ANTROPOMETRIA DE ATLETAS PROFISSIONAIS DE FUTEBOL: CALCULANDO O PERCENTUAL DE GORDURA

The purpose of this study was to analyze the parity of the equations which estimate body fat percentage using the body density as an independent variable in soccer professional athletes. The studied group was constituted of twenty-five soccer professional athletes with 22,7±4,4 years old. The anthropometric measures were evaluated: body mass and height, besides the hydrostatic weight, in order to determine the body density. Four equations which calculate the percentage of fat were analyzed by means of the body density: Rathburn & Pace (1945), Keys & Brozek (1953), Siri (1961) and Brozek et al. (1963). The average results, these were  respectively found 7,73±2,80%; 6,49±2,12%; 6,93±2,50%; 9,45±2,31%. When the paired “t” test was applied, there were not statistically significant differences. Although there is no difference, it is suggested to be used the equation developed by Brozek et al. (1963) since it shows less variability to predict the percentage of fat in soccer professional athletes.O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a paridade das equações que estimam o percentual de gordura corporal utilizando a densidade corporal como variável independente em atletas profissionais de futebol. O grupo estudado foi constituído de 25 atletas profissionais de futebol, com idade média de 22,7±4,4 anos. Foram avaliadas as medidas antropométricas: massa corporal e estatura, além da pesagem hidrostática, para determinação da densidade corporal. Foram analisadas quatro equações que calculam o percentual de gordura por meio da densidade corporal: Rathburn & Pace (1945), Keys & Brozek (1953), Siri (1961) e Brozek et al. (1963). Encontrou-se como resultado médio 7,73±2,80%; 6,49±2,12%; 6,93±2,50%; 9,45±2,31%, respectivamente. Através do teste “t” pareado não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas. Apesar de não haver diferença sugere-se que seja utilizada a equação desenvolvida por Brozek et al. (1963) por possuir menor variabilidade para predizer o percentual de gordura em atletas profissionais de futebol

Physical and biochemical responses to training performed in and out of the water in indoor soccer players

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os efeitos do treinamento físico em quadra e do treinamento físico em piscina (hidroginástica) sobre os índices bioquímicos relativos ao dano muscular e a aptidão física de atletas de futsal. Doze jogadores de futsal foram divididos em dois grupos: 1) grupo de treinamento em quadra (GTQ, n = 6) e 2) grupo de treinamento em piscina (GTP, n =6). Foram verificados os índices de capacidades aeróbicas e aneróbicas pelos testes de RAST e Yo-yo intermitent, o dano muscular pela creatina quinase (CK) e lactato desidrogenase (LDH) e os níveis de stress oxidativo pelos níveis de ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) e atividade da catalase (CAT) antes e após 10 sessões de trainamento (p<0,05). Os resultados mostraram que ambos os grupos melhoraram a condição aeróbica após as 10 sessões de treinamento. Mas o GTP apresentou maior atividade da CAT em repouso e menores níveis de CK ao ser comparado com o GTQ na 10ª sessão de treino. Concluiu-se que o treino com hidroginástica parece ser uma alternativa interessante para a melhoria das capacidades físicas e para a proteção muscular durante a preparação física inicial de atletas de futsal

The whole blood transcriptional regulation landscape in 465 COVID-19 infected samples from Japan COVID-19 Task Force

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19患者由来の血液細胞における遺伝子発現の網羅的解析 --重症度に応じた遺伝子発現の変化には、ヒトゲノム配列の個人差が影響する--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-23.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recently-emerged infectious disease that has caused millions of deaths, where comprehensive understanding of disease mechanisms is still unestablished. In particular, studies of gene expression dynamics and regulation landscape in COVID-19 infected individuals are limited. Here, we report on a thorough analysis of whole blood RNA-seq data from 465 genotyped samples from the Japan COVID-19 Task Force, including 359 severe and 106 non-severe COVID-19 cases. We discover 1169 putative causal expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) including 34 possible colocalizations with biobank fine-mapping results of hematopoietic traits in a Japanese population, 1549 putative causal splice QTLs (sQTLs; e.g. two independent sQTLs at TOR1AIP1), as well as biologically interpretable trans-eQTL examples (e.g., REST and STING1), all fine-mapped at single variant resolution. We perform differential gene expression analysis to elucidate 198 genes with increased expression in severe COVID-19 cases and enriched for innate immune-related functions. Finally, we evaluate the limited but non-zero effect of COVID-19 phenotype on eQTL discovery, and highlight the presence of COVID-19 severity-interaction eQTLs (ieQTLs; e.g., CLEC4C and MYBL2). Our study provides a comprehensive catalog of whole blood regulatory variants in Japanese, as well as a reference for transcriptional landscapes in response to COVID-19 infection

DOCK2 is involved in the host genetics and biology of severe COVID-19

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19疾患感受性遺伝子DOCK2の重症化機序を解明 --アジア最大のバイオレポジトリーでCOVID-19の治療標的を発見--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-10.Identifying the host genetic factors underlying severe COVID-19 is an emerging challenge. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 2, 393 cases of COVID-19 in a cohort of Japanese individuals collected during the initial waves of the pandemic, with 3, 289 unaffected controls. We identified a variant on chromosome 5 at 5q35 (rs60200309-A), close to the dedicator of cytokinesis 2 gene (DOCK2), which was associated with severe COVID-19 in patients less than 65 years of age. This risk allele was prevalent in East Asian individuals but rare in Europeans, highlighting the value of genome-wide association studies in non-European populations. RNA-sequencing analysis of 473 bulk peripheral blood samples identified decreased expression of DOCK2 associated with the risk allele in these younger patients. DOCK2 expression was suppressed in patients with severe cases of COVID-19. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis (n = 61 individuals) identified cell-type-specific downregulation of DOCK2 and a COVID-19-specific decreasing effect of the risk allele on DOCK2 expression in non-classical monocytes. Immunohistochemistry of lung specimens from patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia showed suppressed DOCK2 expression. Moreover, inhibition of DOCK2 function with CPYPP increased the severity of pneumonia in a Syrian hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterized by weight loss, lung oedema, enhanced viral loads, impaired macrophage recruitment and dysregulated type I interferon responses. We conclude that DOCK2 has an important role in the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe COVID-19, and could be further explored as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target

Suplementação com diferentes doses de maltodextrina e subseqüente resposta de parâmetros bioquímicos e fisiológicos relacionados a fadiga em atletas de futsal.

Mestrado em Treino de Alto RendimentoO objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da suplementação com diferentes doses de maltodextrina (MLTD) e subseqüente resposta de parâmetros bioquímicos e fisiológicos relacionados a fadiga em atletas de futsal, durante treinos de potência anaeróbia. Participaram desse estudo 8 atletas, do sexo masculino, integrantes da equipe adulta da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Foram analisados lactato sanguíneo, Água corporal total, Glicose, Creatina kinase, Desidrogenase Láctica, Substâncias Reativas ao Ácido Tiobarbitúrico, Tióis não-proteicos e Catalase. As coletas de sangue venoso foram realizadas em quatro momentos: Pré-treino, ao final do treino, 12 e 24 horas após a coleta realizada no final do treino. Tal procedimento foi repetido quatro vezes, pois, foram utilizadas bebidas com diferentes concentrações de maltodextrina. A ingestão de fluidos (5 ml/kg de Massa Corporal) a cada 15 minutos de treinamento foi suficiente para hidratar os atletas e a bebida contendo MLTD 6% foi mais eficaz para manter os níveis otimizados da glicemia. Apesar do MLTD não conseguir manter o equilíbrio entre moléculas antioxidantes e espécies reativas de oxigênio nos períodos de recuperação pós-treinos de potência anaeróbia, este auxilia na manutenção da glicemia, reposição do glicogênio muscular e conseqüentemente disponibiliza mais energia para realização dos treinamentos e jogos

The role of preoperative glycemic control in decreasing surgical site infections in lower extremity fractures

Abstract Background Postoperative surgical site infections (SSIs) are an important complication to prevent in surgical treatment. Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have a higher risk of SSIs. Preoperative glycemic control is required. For patients with orthopedic trauma, the duration of preoperative glycemic control is limited because delaying operative treatment is difficult. However, whether preoperative glycemic control would decrease the risk of SSIs in diabetic patients with lower extremity fractures is unclear. The first aim of this study was to investigate the rate of SSIs among patients with DM who had undergone preoperative glycemic control, compared with that of patients without DM. As the secondary aim, we sought to demonstrate among patients with DM whether preoperative glycemic control would affect the development of SSIs between patients with controlled DM and patients with poorly controlled DM. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, 1510 patients treated surgically for lower extremity fractures were enrolled. Data collected were patient age, sex, body mass index, history of DM, development of SSIs, tobacco use, the presence of an open fracture, the period between the day of injury and the operation, the length of surgery, and blood glucose levels on admission and on the day before surgery. Results The rate of total SSIs was 6.0% among patients with DM and 4.4% among patients without DM (p = 0.31). Multivariate logistic regression revealed a significant association between the development of SSIs and the presence of DM (odds ratio, 1.79; 95% confidence interval 1.01–3.19; p = 0.047). The results of the secondary study revealed that the rate of early SSIs was significantly higher in the poorly controlled DM group than in the controlled DM group (5.9% vs. 1.5%; p = 0.032). However, multivariate logistic regression revealed that control levels of DM were not significantly associated with the development of SSIs. Conclusions Even though patients with DM had undergone preoperative glycemic control, SSIs were significantly associated with DM, especially when the patients had poorly controlled DM. This finding suggested that continuous glycemic control is important preoperatively and postoperatively to prevent SSIs

Anaerobic capacity in soccer players from different competitive levels: Comparison of players in different field positions

The aim of this study was to compare anaerobic capacity in professional soccer players of different competitive levels in their respective positions in the game, early in the preseason. The study group consisted of 44 male athletes belonging to two groups (A and B) of different competitive levels. Group A was composed of 20 athletes participating in the Sagres League - Portuguese. Group B was composed of 24 athletes participating in the 2nd division Championship Gaucho - Brazil. For the assessment of anaerobic capacity it was applied the Running-based Anaerobic Sprint Test - RAST. For data analysis it was used the Student t test for independent samples and analysis of variance (ANOVA One Way) supplemented with post hoc Tukey. Results showed that group A athletes performed better on the average power and worst values for the fatigue index. In the group A it was found statistical difference between attacks and other two positions (midfielder and side back) for the fatigue index. It is concluded that there was significant differences in anaerobic capacity, measured at the start of the preseason, evaluated soccer players who work in competitions of different levels and positions play (group A)