Redalyc.Personal and Collective Efficacy Beliefs Scales to Educators: Evidences of Validity

Abstract This paper presents the Teacher Self-efficacy Scale, short version, and the School Collective Beliefs Scale adaptation and search of validities evidences process. After the semantic-cultural adaptation process, this study was composed by 380 educators from the public educational system in the state of São Paulo. The teacher self-efficacy scale, composed by 12 items, was organized into three factors. The School Collective Efficacy scale, composed by 12 items, was structured into two factors. Such adaptations, through the exploratory factor analysis yielded similar factor structure to the original scales, showed good evidence for variance explained, and internal consistency. Convergent validity was verified by the significant correlation between self-efficacy and collective efficacy. Criteria validity was verified through significant correlations between these beliefs and school performance. It is suggested to increase the sample size to confirm these results. Keywords: self-efficacy, collective efficacy, teachers Escalas de Crenças de Eficácia Pessoal e Coletiva para Educadores: Evidências de Validade Resumo Este artigo apresenta o processo de adaptação e de busca de evidências de validade da escala de Autoeficácia Docente, versão curta, e da escala de Crença Coletiva Escolar. Após o processo de adaptação semântico-cultural, este estudo contou com a participação de 380 educadores da rede estadual de São Paulo. A escala de Autoeficácia Docente, composta por 12 itens, organizou-se em três fatores. A escala de School Collective Efficacy, composta por 12 itens, estruturou-se em dois fatores. Tais adaptações, por meio da análise fatorial exploratória, mantiveram as estruturas fatoriais semelhantes às escalas originais e demonstraram boas evidências relativas à explicação da variância e à consistência interna. A validade convergente foi verificada por meio da correlação significativa entre a autoeficácia e a eficácia coletiva. A validade de critério foi constatada por meio das correlações significativas entre essas crenças e o desempenho escolar. Sugere-se ampliar a amostra para confirmar tais resultados. Palavras-chave: autoeficácia, eficácia coletiva, professores Escalas de Creencias de Eficacia Personal y Colectiva para Educadores: Evidencias de Validez Resumen Este artículo presenta el proceso de adaptación y la búsqueda de evidencias de validez de la Escala de Autoeficacia Docente, versión reducida, y de la escala de Creencia Colectiva Escolar. Después del proceso de adaptación semántico y cultural, el estudio contó con la participación de 380 profesores del sistema público de educación de São Paulo. La escala de Creencia Colectiva Escolar, compuesta por 12 ítems, se estructuró en dos factores. Estas adaptaciones por medio del análisis factorial exploratorio, mantuvieron las estructuras factoriales semejantes a las escalas originales y mostraron buenas evidencias relativas a la explicación de la variabilidad y consistencia interna. La validez convergente fue verificada por medio de la correlación significativa entre la autoeficacia y la eficacia colectiva. La validez de criterio se constató por medio de las correlaciones significativas entre esas creencias y el rendimiento escolar. Se sugiere ampliar la muestra para confirmar tales resultados

Política, atores e interesses no processo de mudança institucional: a criação do Ministério da Saúde em 1953 Politics, actors, and interests in the process of institutional change: the creation of the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 1953

Este trabalho analisa a criação do Ministério da Saúde, em 1953, por meio da identificação dos principais agentes envolvidos, seus interesses e estratégias utilizadas para atingir seus objetivos e influenciar o processo de mudança institucional. Relacionando este processo às características particulares do contexto político da época, identificaremos, entre as arenas de decisão, aquela que ganhou relevância; apresentaremos as variáveis políticas que interferiram no surgimento dessa nova agência estatal autônoma para a saúde pública.<br>This analysis of the 1953 creation of the Ministry of Health identifies the main actors involved, their interests, and the strategies they employed to reach their goals and influence the process of institutional change. Placing the process within the context of the era's specific political characteristics, the article identifies the predominant decision-making arena as well as the political variables that influenced the emergence of this new, autonomous government agency for public health

Development and validation of the MMCD score to predict kidney replacement therapy in COVID-19 patients

Abstract Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is frequently associated with COVID-19, and the need for kidney replacement therapy (KRT) is considered an indicator of disease severity. This study aimed to develop a prognostic score for predicting the need for KRT in hospitalised COVID-19 patients, and to assess the incidence of AKI and KRT requirement. Methods This study is part of a multicentre cohort, the Brazilian COVID-19 Registry. A total of 5212 adult COVID-19 patients were included between March/2020 and September/2020. Variable selection was performed using generalised additive models (GAM), and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used for score derivation. Accuracy was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC). Results The median age of the model-derivation cohort was 59 (IQR 47–70) years, 54.5% were men, 34.3% required ICU admission, 20.9% evolved with AKI, 9.3% required KRT, and 15.1% died during hospitalisation. The temporal validation cohort had similar age, sex, ICU admission, AKI, required KRT distribution and in-hospital mortality. The geographic validation cohort had similar age and sex; however, this cohort had higher rates of ICU admission, AKI, need for KRT and in-hospital mortality. Four predictors of the need for KRT were identified using GAM: need for mechanical ventilation, male sex, higher creatinine at hospital presentation and diabetes. The MMCD score had excellent discrimination in derivation (AUROC 0.929, 95% CI 0.918–0.939) and validation (temporal AUROC 0.927, 95% CI 0.911–0.941; geographic AUROC 0.819, 95% CI 0.792–0.845) cohorts and good overall performance (Brier score: 0.057, 0.056 and 0.122, respectively). The score is implemented in a freely available online risk calculator ( https://www.mmcdscore.com/ ). Conclusions The use of the MMCD score to predict the need for KRT may assist healthcare workers in identifying hospitalised COVID-19 patients who may require more intensive monitoring, and can be useful for resource allocation