A decision-theoretic approach to reliable message delivery

We argue that the tools of decision theory need to be taken more seriously in the specification and analysis of systems. We illustrate this by considering a simple problem involving reliable communication, showing how considerations of utility and probability can be used to decide when it is worth sending heartbeat messages and, if they are sent, how often they should be sent.Comment: This is the full version of a paper that appears in the Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Distributed Computing, 1998, pp. 89-1

Great Expectations. Part II: Generalized Expected Utility as a Universal Decision Rule

Many different rules for decision making have been introduced in the literature. We show that a notion of generalized expected utility proposed in Part I of this paper is a universal decision rule, in the sense that it can represent essentially all other decision rules.Comment: Preliminary version appears in Proc. 18th International Joint Conference on AI (IJCAI), 2003, pp. 297-30

Great Expectations. Part I: On the Customizability of Generalized Expected Utility

We propose a generalization of expected utility that we call generalized EU (GEU), where a decision maker's beliefs are represented by plausibility measures, and the decision maker's tastes are represented by general (i.e.,not necessarily real-valued) utility functions. We show that every agent, ``rational'' or not, can be modeled as a GEU maximizer. We then show that we can customize GEU by selectively imposing just the constraints we want. In particular, we show how each of Savage's postulates corresponds to constraints on GEU.Comment: Preliminary version appears in Proc. 18th International Joint Conference on AI (IJCAI), 2003, pp. 291-29

Great Expectations. Part I: On the Customizability of Generalized Expected Utility

Many different rules for decision making have been introduced in the literature. We present a single framework in which to study and compare these rules. This is done by defining expected utility with respect to general expectation structures, where a decision maker's beliefs are represented by plausibility measures and the decision maker's tastes are represented by general (i.e., not necessarily real-valued) utility functions. We call the resulting notion of expected utility generalized EU (GEU) and show that we can represent arbitrary preference relations on acts using GEU. We then show that each of Savage's postulates corresponds to an axiom on GEU. Thus, GEU can be customized to capture postulates of interest.

On the NP-Completeness of Finding an Optimal Strategy in Games with Common Payoffs

Given a finite game with common payoffs (i.e. the players have completely common interests), we show that the problem of determining whether there exists a joint strategy where each player nets at least k is NP-complete.common payoff games, NP-completeness

Efficient search approaches for K-medoids-based algorithms

In this paper, the concept of previous medoid index is introduced. The utilization of memory for efficient medoid search is also presented. We propose a hybrid search approach for the problem of nearest neighbor search. The hybrid search approach combines the previous medoid index, the utilization of memory, the criterion of triangular inequality elimination and the partial distance search. The proposed hybrid search approach is applied to the k-medoids-based algorithms. Experimental results based on Gauss-Markov source, curve data set and elliptic clusters demonstrate that the proposed algorithm applied to the CLARANS algorithm may reduce the number of distance calculations from 88.4% to 95.2% with the same average distance per object compared with CLARANS. The proposed hybrid search approach can also be applied to nearest neighbor searching and the other clustering algorithms

Aspect des échanges franco-coréens (la réception de la littérature romantique et les traductions du "Rouge et le Noir")

Le présent travail intitulé Aspect des échanges franco coréens : la réception de la littérature romantique et les traductions du Rouge et le Noir témoigne de l existence d un réel échange culturel entre Coréens et Français ; il veut rapprocher la culture, la littérature des deux pays autour de quelques traductions. Le but est ici de démontrer les divergences de sens entre littérature romantique française et coréenne.Le romantisme coréen commence avec un siècle de retard sur le romantisme français ce qui explique des différences importantes avec le romantisme français. D après nos recherches, nous voyons que les déterminants et les effets du romantisme coréen sont différents de ceux du romantisme français. D ailleurs, le romantisme est introduit en Corée sous l occupation japonaise, son contenu dépendait donc d interprétations japonaises préexistantes et ne pouvait pas avoir le même aspect qu en France.Ainsi, les fondements du romantisme coréen ne correspondent pas à un rejet du style classique comme ce fut le cas en France. Néanmoins, les Coréens ont adapté ce mouvement littéraire à leur manière surtout quant à la psychologie et aux procédés d écriture. Il ne s agissait donc pas d une création pure et simple mais plutôt d un processus de réception, d adaptation et de réutilisation d un mouvement littéraire étranger : le romantisme français.La Corée, se situant, géographiquement et culturellement aussi bien que linguistiquement, aux antipodes de la France, la traduction d oeuvres françaises en langue coréenne, et vice versa, pose probablement beaucoup plus de problèmes que la traduction d oeuvres françaises en toute autre langue occidentale, a fortiori quand il s agit de la traduction d oeuvres coréenne en une autre langue extrême-orientale. La traduction des oeuvres romantiques françaises a connu une difficulté supplémentaire à cause des retraductions multiples imposées aux livres avant qu ils parviennent aux lecteurs coréens sous l occupation japonaise. Nous constatons que même les traductions directes du français en coréen ne réussissent pas toujours à rendre correctement la signification du discours littéraire. Ainsi, certains choix du traducteur ne changent pas le sens de la phrase mais ils annulent un effet stylistique important voulu par l auteur français.Précisément, un lecteur coréen qui lit Stendhal en coréen ne comprend pas du tout le vrai Stendhal, celui du lecteur français. C est particulièrement exact pour Le Rouge et le Noir. En effet, c est bien connu, hors de France, la littérature française subit le prisme de la différence culturelle qui affecte le lecteur et de la traduction en cascadeThis paper, The exchange aspect on France and South Korea; The translation of The Red and the Black (Le Rouge et le Noir) plus acceptance of romantic literature of France, was started in order to find out exchanging the aspect of literature and culture of France. Literature, culture and translation between two countries and compared and show us the various aspects of literature of Korean and French romanticism. It is to find out what is the in common and different point of view about the Romantic movement of the two countries. The reason that it is considered to be interesting to compare with the Asian and European romanticism and they have a difference about the period of time almost one century. Started late almost one century then France, 1920 s Korean romanticism has very different aspects. The romanticism of Korea was influx through Japan under the Japanese colonial reign and showed personal, sentimental and decadent tendencies during the end of a century romanticism. The trends showed negative aspects of reality than the characteristic of romanticism early did.A situation under the Japanese colonial reign, Korean writers felt sorts of kinship at The French romanticism. The romanticism expressed freedom, youth and love under the reality of colony, but soon it changed into depression and hopelessness because of national ordeal. The indigenous feature of Romanticism was varied and accepted to us.Finally, we found the important element and the result of the romanticism of Korea have very perspective.Eventually, Korean romanticism began not a historical necessity like French romanticism, but the imitate homogeneity. So the Korean romantic movement was finished very shortly not lasting long. Another reason for the other aspects of the literary romantic movement between France and Korea is inaccurate translation.Acceptance of romantic literature of France in Korea at that time, was understood differently from the essence. Because of the regulation of Japanese though the double or triple translation.Culturally, geographically and linguistically, Korea is located in the opposite side of France. So, Korean translation of French literatures has a lot of trouble relatively than the translation in Western European languages of French literatures. It is difficult for to understand the actual Stendhal for korean readers who read literature of Stendhal in Korean. In particular, The Red and the Black of Stendhal is the one. French literatures outside of France show not only the problem of translation also f the curve about different of culture (which is called prism ), which makes us understood differentlyPARIS-EST-Université (770839901) / SudocPARIS12-Bib. électronique (940280011) / SudocSudocFranceF