Active surveys of medical students on respiratory symptoms to diagnose COVID-19 at Carlos Manuel Portuondo Teaching Polyclinic

Introducción: la responsabilidad social universitaria ha garantizado la interacción de la academia con la sociedad en el enfrentamiento de la COVID-19.Objetivo: describir los principales resultados de la pesquisa activa de síntomas respiratorios para el diagnóstico de la COVID-19 en el policlínico “Carlos Manuel Portuondo” del municipio Marianao.Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en el Policlínico Docente “Carlos Manuel Portuondo” entre marzo y julio del 2020. El universo estuvo constituido por 12 916 viviendas y 41 673 pacientes dispensarizado en esta área de salud. Se emplearon los datos generados por la pesquisa diaria. Para el análisis de los datos se empleó estadística descriptiva y la estimación del coeficiente de determinación (R2).Resultados: participaron como pesquisadores 114 estudiantes. Se contactó el 35,41 % del universo. Se obtuvo un promedio global de 636 viviendas cerradas, con una tendencia a la disminución (R2=0,1695). Se ofrecieron 584 245 charlas educativas con una tendencia al aumento (R2=0,2861). Se incrementó el promedio de personas investigadas (R2=0,3319), y una tendencia descendente en el número de personas con síntomas respiratorios (R2=0,3941) y con el diagnóstico del virus SARS-CoV-2 (R2=0,3199).Conclusiones: la pesquisa activa estudiantil en el Policlínico Docente “Carlos Manuel Portuondo”, tuvo un nivel organizativo y estratégico que garantizó la vinculación de la academia universitaria con la sociedad en respuesta a esta nueva contingencia epidemiológica. La universidad médica cubana como institución educativa tiene una responsabilidad social, desarrollada con un accionar regido por el método científico y apoyado con las más modernas tecnologías. Introduction: the university social responsibility has guaranteed the interaction of the academy with society in coping with COVID-19.Objective: to describe the main results of the active surveys on respiratory symptoms for the diagnosis of COVID-19 at Carlos Manuel Portuondo Teaching Polyclinic in Marianao municipality, La Habana province.Methods: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out at Carlos Manuel Portuondo Teaching Polyclinic between March and July 2020. The target group comprised 12,916 family homes and 41,673 patients allocated in this health area. The data generated by the daily surveys were used. Descriptive statistics and the estimation of the coefficient of determination (R2) were applied to conduct the analysis of data.Results: fourteen students participated in the active survey. A total of 35,41 % of the target group was contacted. It was obtained an overall average of 636 homes closed, with a decreasing trend (R2=0,1695). An average of 584 245 educational talks were given, with an increasing trend (R2=0,2861). The average number of people investigated increased (R2=0,3319), and a decreasing trend in the number of people with respiratory symptoms (R2=0,3941) and with the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 virus (R2=0,3199).Conclusions: the active surveys of medical students at Carlos Manuel Portuondo Teaching Polyclinic had an organizational and strategic level that guaranteed the link between the university academy and society in response to this new epidemiological emergency.  The Cuban medical university as an educational institution has a social responsibility, developed with actions ruled by the scientific method and supported with the most modern technologies.

Active surveys of medical students on respiratory symptoms to diagnose COVID-19 at Carlos Manuel Portuondo Teaching Polyclinic

Introducción: la responsabilidad social universitaria ha garantizado la interacción de la academia con la sociedad en el enfrentamiento de la COVID-19.Objetivo: describir los principales resultados de la pesquisa activa de síntomas respiratorios para el diagnóstico de la COVID-19 en el policlínico “Carlos Manuel Portuondo” del municipio Marianao.Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en el Policlínico Docente “Carlos Manuel Portuondo” entre marzo y julio del 2020. El universo estuvo constituido por 12 916 viviendas y 41 673 pacientes dispensarizado en esta área de salud. Se emplearon los datos generados por la pesquisa diaria. Para el análisis de los datos se empleó estadística descriptiva y la estimación del coeficiente de determinación (R2).Resultados: participaron como pesquisadores 114 estudiantes. Se contactó el 35,41 % del universo. Se obtuvo un promedio global de 636 viviendas cerradas, con una tendencia a la disminución (R2=0,1695). Se ofrecieron 584 245 charlas educativas con una tendencia al aumento (R2=0,2861). Se incrementó el promedio de personas investigadas (R2=0,3319), y una tendencia descendente en el número de personas con síntomas respiratorios (R2=0,3941) y con el diagnóstico del virus SARS-CoV-2 (R2=0,3199).Conclusiones: la pesquisa activa estudiantil en el Policlínico Docente “Carlos Manuel Portuondo”, tuvo un nivel organizativo y estratégico que garantizó la vinculación de la academia universitaria con la sociedad en respuesta a esta nueva contingencia epidemiológica. La universidad médica cubana como institución educativa tiene una responsabilidad social, desarrollada con un accionar regido por el método científico y apoyado con las más modernas tecnologías. Introduction: the university social responsibility has guaranteed the interaction of the academy with society in coping with COVID-19.Objective: to describe the main results of the active surveys on respiratory symptoms for the diagnosis of COVID-19 at Carlos Manuel Portuondo Teaching Polyclinic in Marianao municipality, La Habana province.Methods: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out at Carlos Manuel Portuondo Teaching Polyclinic between March and July 2020. The target group comprised 12,916 family homes and 41,673 patients allocated in this health area. The data generated by the daily surveys were used. Descriptive statistics and the estimation of the coefficient of determination (R2) were applied to conduct the analysis of data.Results: fourteen students participated in the active survey. A total of 35,41 % of the target group was contacted. It was obtained an overall average of 636 homes closed, with a decreasing trend (R2=0,1695). An average of 584 245 educational talks were given, with an increasing trend (R2=0,2861). The average number of people investigated increased (R2=0,3319), and a decreasing trend in the number of people with respiratory symptoms (R2=0,3941) and with the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 virus (R2=0,3199).Conclusions: the active surveys of medical students at Carlos Manuel Portuondo Teaching Polyclinic had an organizational and strategic level that guaranteed the link between the university academy and society in response to this new epidemiological emergency.  The Cuban medical university as an educational institution has a social responsibility, developed with actions ruled by the scientific method and supported with the most modern technologies.

Tuberculosis in the Marianao Municipality: Trends in Two Recent Periods, 2001-2005 and 2015-2020/ La tuberculosis en el municipio Marianao: tendencias en dos periodos recientes, 2001–2005 y 2015–2020

Introduction: Marianao has historically been a municipality of Havana with a high burden of tuberculosis. A new look would be important. Objective: To assess the TB situation of health areas with their internal territorial inequalities in 2001-2005 and 2015-2020. Methods: Ecological study of time series of TB notification rates in the health areas in Marianao municipality. The source was the surveillance data base of Municipal Hygiene and Epidemiology Center. The variables were: number of cases, notification rates and years. The geometric mean of rates was calculated, we take the lowest as reference to estimate the absolute and relative differences and the population attributable risk percentage. The total and average annual variations, the Pearcy Keppel Indices and the variance between groups were calculated. The concentration points of cases in the neighborhoods in 2015-2020 were mapped and their proportions were calculated. Results: In both periods, the November 27 health area contributed the highest geometric mean, 10.7 and 18.3; respectively. Relative inequality fluctuated between 5 and 2 times more than the reference. The largest reduction occurred in 2015-2020 (60.1 %). The dispersion indices showed moderate inequalities at both times. 58.5 % of the 94 cases in 2015-2020 were concentrated in 6/30 neighborhoods. Conclusions: In the health areas of the Marianao municipality, inequalities in both periods were moderate; it would be beneficial to execute differentiated interventions in their vulnerable neighborhoods to achieve the path of elimination of TB as a public health problem