International convention on science, Education & medicine in sports 2012

To date, the effectiveness of combined aerobic dance exercise and honey supplementation on bone metabolism markers in women is unclear. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this present study was to investigate the effects of combined aerobic dance exercise and honey supplementation on blood bone turnover markers and parathyroid hormone in adult women. METHODS: Forty four subjects, healthy sedentary women (25-40 year-old) were age and weight matched, and subsequently being assigned into four groups with n=11 per group: Control group (C), honey supplementation group (H), aerobic dance exercise group (Ex) and combined aerobic dance exercise with honey supplementation group (HEx). Aerobic dance exercise was carried out for one hour per session, three times per week for eight weeks. Honey drink was consumed by Hand HEx groups, in a dosage of 20g of Malaysian Gelarn honey diluted in 300ml of plain water, for 7 days per week for a total of 8 weeks duration. In HEx group, the subjects were required to consume honey drink 30 minutes before performing exercise on the exercise days. Before and after 8 weeks of experimental period, blood samples were taken in order to determine the concentrations of serum total calcium, osteocalcin (bone formation marker), serum C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (1CTP) (bone resorption marker), and parathyroid hormone {PTH). RESULTS: At the end of 8 weeks of experimental period, there was significant increase in serum total calcium in H group. The percentage of increment in 1CTP, a bone resorption marker, and PTH concentrations in HEx group were the lowest compared to the other experimental groups. CONCLUSION: The results of present study suggest that combination of aerobic dance exercise and honey supplementation may elicit effects on reducing the increment in bone resorption, compared to aerobic dance exercise or honey supplementation alone in sedentary adult women

Effects of Bee Bread Supplementation on Isokinetic Knee Extension and Flexion of Lower Limb

A nutritional strategy is the common types of ergogenic aid used by athlete to enhance their sport performance. Athlete usually consumes bee products before a sports competition to make sure they have adequate nutrition, maximize their energy storage and enhance their sport performance. Scientific data on the ergogenic effects of bee products consumed at pre exercise on isokinetic knee extension and flexion of lower limb is scanty. This study investigated the effects of 8 weeks of bee bread supplementation at pre exercise on isokinetic knee extension and flexion of lower limb among athletes. Twelve volunteer athletes were recruited in this scientific study. Subjects consumed either bee bread at a dosage of 20 g.d-1 or placebo for 8 weeks prior to the experimental trial. Subjects’ isokinetic knee extension and flexion of lower limb were measured before and after 8 weeks of experimental period. Statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA with repeated measures. This present study found that bee bread supplementation showed some positives impact on few measured parameters of isokinetic knee extension and flexion of lower limb

Effects of Bee Bread Supplementation on Total Antioxidant Status and F2-Isoprostane Among Athletes

Antioxidant is a substance that helps to reduce the severity of oxidative stress. Many chronic diseases have been reported related the increasing of free radical and oxidative stress in the human. There is still scanty information on antioxidant property of bee bread at pre and post exercise after short term supplementation. This present study investigated effects of eight weeks supplementation of bee bread on antioxidant status at pre and post exercise among athletes. Twelve male athletes were recruited in this randomised crossover study. For the exercise trial test, subjects were required to run at 60% of their respective VO2max on a motorised treadmill for 90 minutes and immediately followed by a time trial performance. Blood samples were collected at pre and post exercise to determine total antioxidant status (TAS) and F2-Isoprostane. Statistical analyses were performed using descriptive statistic and ANOVA with repeated measures. TAS was significantly higher, whereas F2-Isoprostane was significantly lower in the bee bread trial in comparison with placebo trial after eight weeks of supplementation. This present study found that bee bread supplementation showed positives impact on antioxidant status among athletes

Effects of bee bread supplementation on endurance running performance and total antioxidant status in recreational athletes

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of bee bread supplementation on running performance and antioxidant status in athletes. Twelve male recreational athletes were recruited in this randomized double blind; placebo-controlled crossover study. The participants were supplemented with 20 g of bee bread (BB) or placebo (P) daily for 8 weeks. After the first experimental trial, there was a wash-out period of 4 weeks. Then, the participants were supplemented with the other supplement for another 8 weeks before the second experimental trial was conducted. During the experimental trials, participants ran at 60% of VO2max for 90 min and followed immediately by a 20-min time trial. Heart rate, oxygen uptake, tympanic temperature, rate of perceived exertion (RPE), room temperature and relative humidity were recorded during the trials. Blood samples were collected to determine plasma glucose, free fatty acid and total antioxidant status. Distance ran in the BB trial was significantly further compared to the P trial (3.41 ± 0.2 km vs 3.28 ± 0.2 km). Heart rate, oxygen uptake, tympanic temperature, RPE and plasma glucose were not significantly different between trials but plasma free fatty acid in the BB trial was significantly higher than the P trial. Total antioxidant status was also significantly higher at post-supplementation, immediate post-exercise and 24 h post-exercise in the BB trial. Supplementation of bee bread seemed to enhance running performance and increased the total antioxidant status in recreational athletes. Industrial relevance.A few studies have reported ergogenic effects of honey on sports performance but no studies have investigated the ergognic effects of bee bread on sports performance. Furthermore, some researchers have reported the antioxidant properties of bee bread but apparently, there is no scientific data on the potential effectiveness of its antioxidant properties on sports performance. Thus, a study is warranted to investigate the potential ergogenic effects of bee bread on sports performance

Effects of consuming a Malaysian acacia honey drink prior to, during and post exercise on physiological responses, blood glucose metabolism, urine osmolality and running timetrial performance in the heat

This study investigated the effectiveness of Malaysian Acacia honey drink ingested before, during and post exercise on physiological responses, blood glucose metabolism, urine osmolality and running time-trial performance in the heat. The first phase of this study found that honey drink and sports drink ingestion before and during exercise elicited similar effects on physiological responses, blood parameters and running performance in the heat. The second phase of the study found that honey drink during dehydration after exercise elicited benefiCial effect on running performance and selected physiological parameters. Therefore, Acacia honey drink, a local Malaysian product, can be proposed to be used as an alternative ergogenic aid before, during and post exercise for athletes who train and compete in hot environment

Stress Hormone and Reproductive System in Response to Honey Supplementation Combined with Different Jumping Exercise Intensities in Female Rats

This study was performed to determine the effects of 8-week honey supplementation combined with different jumping exercise intensities on serum cortisol, progesterone, estradiol, and reproductive organs. Eighty-four 9-week-old female rats were divided into 7 groups: baseline controls (C0), sedentary group (C), 20 and 80 jumps per day (Ex20J, Ex80J), honey (H), and combined honey with 20 and 80 jumps per day (HEx20J, HEx80J) groups. Jumping exercise was performed at 5 days/week and honey was given at a dosage of 1 g/kg body weight/day for 7 days/week. The level of serum cortisol was higher in Ex20J and Ex80J compared to C. There was significantly lower value of serum cortisol in HEx20J compared to Ex80J. Serum progesterone levels were significantly lower in Ex20J and Ex80J compared to C. However, serum progesterone levels were significantly higher in HEx20J and HEx80J compared to Ex20J and Ex80J. Relative uterine weights were significantly greater in HEx20J compared to C and HEx80J, respectively. There was no significant difference in estradiol level and relative ovarian weights among all the groups. Therefore, honey elicited beneficial effects in reducing the increase of cortisol and in increasing the reduce of progesterone levels induced by different intensities jumping exercise in female rats

Effects of Acacia honey drink after exercise-induced dehydration on selected physiological parameters and subsequent running performance

This study examined the effect of honey supplementation on exercise performance and biochemical markers in comparison to plain water and sports drink in the heat. Ten recreational athletes (Age: 22.2 ± 2.0 years, weight: 65.7 ± 5.3 kg; height: 170.4 ± 3.5 cm; VO2max: 51.5 ± 3.7 mL.kg−1.min−1) participated in this study. Participants ran at 70% of their VO2max for 1 h in a pre-load phase (Run-1), followed by a rehydration phase for 2 h and then a 20 min self-paced time trial (Run-2). After Run-1, participants drank either Acacia honey, sports drink or plain water with an amount equivalent to 150% of body weight loss. Subsequently, the participants performed the 20 min self-paced time trial. Acacia honey elicited an improved running time trial performance with a significantly (p<0.05) longer distance ran compared to plain water trial, but it was not different from the sports drink trial. In addition, there was no significant difference in running performance between sports drink and plain water trials. Plasma glucose, insulin and free fatty acids were significantly (p<0.05) higher in H and sports drink compared to the W trial during the rehydration phase. There were no significant differences in body weight changes, oxygen uptake, heart rate, rate of perceived exertion, tympanic temperature, plasma volume changes, plasma cortisol, urine osmolality, volume, and specific gravity among the three trials. Thus, Acacia honey can be recommended to be used as a rehydration drink for individuals who train and compete in the heat

Bone metabolism markers in response to three and six sessions of low energy extracorporeal shockwave therapy in individuals with post anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Precise information on the effects of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) on biochemical status in humans is still lacking. Hence, this study investigated the effectiveness of three or six sessions of low energy ESWT on serum bone metabolism markers in individuals who have undergone post anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Participants with ACL injuries were assigned into three groups (n=10 per group), i.e. physiotherapy alone without ESWT (control), three sessions of ESWT combined with physiotherapy (3ESWT), and six sessions of ESWT combined with physiotherapy (6ESWT) groups. Serum bone metabolism markers, i.e. osteocalcin (OCN), human Cross Linked C-telopeptide of Type 1 Collagen (CTX1), calcium, and phosphorus were measured at weeks 0, 2, 9, 12, and 6 months post ACL reconstruction. Serum OCN and CTX1 concentrations within the 3ESWT and 6ESWT groups across the five measurements were not significantly different. However, serum calcium concentrations at weeks 2, 9, and 12 were significantly higher compared to their respective baseline values for all three groups. Shockwave therapy had no significant effect on bone resorption and formation markers postoperatively. Six sessions of shockwave therapy (6ESWT) elicited the highest serum calcium level at week 12 post-operatively among all the groups. More studies are warranted to substantiate these findings

Combination of honey supplementation and countermovement jumping exercise influence bone turnover markers in young males

This study investigated the combined effects of Tualang Honey (TH) and countermovement jumping (CJ) exercise for 6 weeks on bone speed of sound (SOS), bone turnover markers, and maximum jumping height in young males. Forty participants aged between 18-24 years old were randomly assigned into four groups, i.e. control (C), supplementation of TH (H), CJ exercise (J), and combined TH supplementation, and CJ exercise (JH) groups. Participants in the J and JH groups were required to jump for 2 sessions/day, 3 alternated days/week for 6 weeks. Participants in the H and JH groups consumed 20 g/day of TH for 6 weeks. Bone SOS of the participants’ leg was measured at pre- and post-tests, and it was found that there were no significant differences in participants’ bone SOS in all groups. Blood samples were analysed for determining the concentration of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and serum C-terminal telopeptide of type-1 collagen (1CTP). The JH group showed a 56.3% reduction in serum 1CTP and was significantly lower (p <0.01) than the C group. A 7.66% reduction of ALP was observed in the JH group. Maximum jumping height was significantly greater (p <0.05) in post-tests compared to pre-tests in the H and JH groups. In addition, there was a significantly greater maximum jumping height (p <0.05) in the JH group compared to the C group in post-tests. In conclusion, the combination of TH with CJ exercise could significantly increase maximum jumping height compared to the control and this combination influence bone turnover markers in young males