Prelinguistic Communication and the Acquisition of Verbal Communication in Young Children with Fragile X Syndrome

This retrospective study investigated potential predictors of the acquisition of verbal communication skills in young children with fragile x syndrome (FXS). In addition, descriptive information concerning this population's early communication development was gathered. The present study was part of a larger FXS research project conducted by researchers from the University of Kansas and the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill. Potential predictors examined included different types of gestures, different communicative functions, characteristics of autism, and overall rates of communication. Predictor data were derived from standardized test scores and video sample analysis. Outcomes examined included standardized test scores, mean length of utterance, and number of different words used during a second observation period. No significant correlations were found between predictor and outcome variables for the whole sample; however, some noteworthy correlations between predictors and outcomes were found for females and participants with high autism symptomatology. Valuable descriptive information was also obtained

Relationships Between Early Gestures and Later Language in Children With Fragile X Syndrome

Purpose—The authors hypothesized that significant positive relationships would exist between early gesture use and later language attainments in children with fragile X syndrome (FXS), as has been reported in studies with other populations. Method—Participants were young children with FXS and limited expressive language (21 boys, 4 girls), divided into 2 subgroups based on the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS; Schopler, Reichler, & Renner, 1988) scores. Data were collected when participants were about 2 years of age and again when they were about 5 years of age. Communication was assessed through the analysis of video samples obtained in the children's homes for both observation periods. Correlational analyses were completed between early prelinguistic communication and later verbal communication scores for all participants and for children with high (>30) versus low (<30) scores on the CARS. Results—Although no significant relationships were found between prelinguistic gesture use and language outcomes for the group of children as a whole, significant negative correlations were found for the group of children who had high CARS scores. Conclusions—These outcomes did not support the authors' initial hypotheses. It was concluded that extensive use of developmentally early gestures by children with FXS who also have many symptoms of autism may not be a positive indicator of later language