Helminths in the gastrointestinal tract 1 as modulators of immunity and pathology

Helminth parasites are highly prevalent in many low- and middle-income countries, in which inflammatory bowel disease and other immunopathologies are less frequent than in the developed world. Many of the most common helminths establish in the gastrointestinal tract, and can exert counter-inflammatory influences on the host immune system. For these reasons, interest has arisen in how parasites may ameliorate intestinal inflammation and whether these organisms, or products they release, could offer future therapies for immune disorders. In this review, we discuss interactions between helminth parasites and the mucosal immune system, and progress made towards identifying mechanisms and molecular mediators through which it may be possible to attenuate pathology in the intestinal tract

A commentary on the so-called "opus historicum" of Hilary of politics

The thesis consists of a commentary on the so-called “opus historicum” of Hilary of Poitiers, together with relevant introductory sections, appendices and conclusion. This work of Hilary has been recovered only within comparatively recent times, and, in its present mutilated form, contains 17 documents covering the period from the synod of Sardica to the death of the bishop of Poitiers. It represents the first attempt by a Western historian to combat the Arian heresy not only by the spoken word but also by written testimony and authentic documents of the period. The thesis opens with an introduction dealing with the historical background and authenticity of the work, the motives and method of its author, and its editors. This is followed by a section on Hilary and the Arian Controversy where short sketches are given of the early history of the church Gaul, the life of Hilary, and the course of Arianism to c.367. Then comes the actual commentary in which every document is treated as a separate unit and provided in most cases with an introduction and conclusion. Two appendices have been attached, one on the so-called ad const. I, which is now recognised to be a constituent part of B II, and the other on the warmly debated liberius letters. Finally, there is the conclusion which contains the various theories pro-pounded on the original form of the collection and in which a verdict is passed on Hilary as a historian. So far as is known, this is the first commentary on the work in English and it is presented in the hope that it may dispel much of the uncertainty, which surrounds the work, by assembling from many sources the materiel necessary to its understanding and use and by resolving, many difficult problems of detail; and so may gain for it proper acknowledgment as the primary source for the history of Arianism in the West

A commentary on the so-called Opus historicum of Hilary and Poitiers

The thesis consists of a commentary on the so-called "Opus historicum" of Hilary of Poitiers, together with relevant introductory sections, appendices end conclusion. This work of Hilary has been recovered only within comparatively recent times, and, in its present mutilated form, contains 17 documents covering the period from the synod of Sardica to the death of the bishop of Poitiers. It represents the first attempt by a Western historian to combat the Arian heresy not only by the broken word but also by written testimony and authentic documents of the period. The thesis opens with an Introduction dealing with the historical background and authenticity of the work, the motives and method of its author, and its editors. This is followed by a section on Hilary and the Arian Controversy where short sketches are given of the early history of the Church in Gaul, the life of Hilary, and the course of Arianism to c.367. Then comes the actual Commentary in which every document is treated as a separate unit and provided in most cases with an introduction and conclusion. Two appendices have been attached, one on the so-called Ad Coast. I, which is now recognised to be a constituent part of B II, and the other on the warmly debated Liberius letters. Finally, there is the Conclusion which contains the various theories pro pounded on the original form of the collection and in which a verdict is passed on Hilary as a historian. So far as is known, this the first commentary on the work in English and it is presented in the hope that it may dispel much of the uncertainty, which surrounds the work, by assembling from many sources the material necessary to its understanding and use and by resolving many difficult problems of detail; and so may gain for it proper acknowledgment as the primary source for the history of Arianism in the West

Observations on the Clinical Differentiation of Typed Lobar Pneumonia

The object has been (1) to classify the cases into the various type groups as soon as possible after admission; (2) to examine the clinical course of each type of infection in an endeavour to discover what differences, if any, there might be. Two hundred and thirty three cases have been included in the present series and the subjects dealt with are as follows: 1) Clinical. (a) The onset symptoms in relation to Types I, II and III and Group "X". (b) The influence of exposure on susceptibility in Types I II and III and Group "X". (c) The occurrence of faucial congestion in Types I, II and III and Group "X". (d) Previous respiratory illnesses in Types I, II and III and Group "X". (e) The occurrence of jaundice, including examination of the serum bilirubin by the method of Meulengracht. (f) The blood: (1) red blood corpuscles, haemoglobin Arneth count, toxic degeneration in a small series of cases; (2) a detailed investigation into the variation in the leucocyte count from day to day during the febrile period (published in the Quarterly Journal of Medicine). (g) The blood pressure curves and their relation to morbidity. (2) Bacteriological. The value of the direct method (Neufeld) of pneumococcal typing. (This method was introduced about halfway through the investigation; previously all the cases were typed by mouse inoculation (Blake).)

Deconstruction of compound objects from image sets

We propose a method to recover the structure of a compound object from multiple silhouettes. Structure is expressed as a collection of 3D primitives chosen from a pre-defined library, each with an associated pose. This has several advantages over a volume or mesh representation both for estimation and the utility of the recovered model. The main challenge in recovering such a model is the combinatorial number of possible arrangements of parts. We address this issue by exploiting the sparse nature of the problem, and show that our method scales to objects constructed from large libraries of parts

Tort in a Contractual Matrix

This article addresses one aspect of the interface between tort and contract: the way tort law is affected, whether by extending or contracting its reach, by the parties coming together against a contractual structure. Two basic situations are considered. The first concerns the effect of a contractual limitation clause on the tort liability of, or to, a third party such as a subcontractor\u27s to the building owner. The second considers what effect to attribute to a plaintiff\u27s failure to protect himself or herself in advance by contracting against the ris