The initial value problem and the dynamical formulation of general relativity

N/

Symmetry breaking in general relativity

Bifurcation theory is used to analyze the space of solutions of Einstein's equations near a spacetime with symmetries. The methods developed here allow one to describe precisely how the symmetry is broken as one branches from a highly symmetric spacetime to nearby spacetimes with fewer symmetries, and finally to a generic solution with no symmetries. This phenomenon of symmetry breaking is associated with the fact that near symmetric solutions the space of solutions of Einstein's equations does not form a smooth manifold but rather has a conical structure. The geometric picture associated with this conical structure enables one to understand the breaking of symmetries. Although the results are described for pure gravity, they may be extended to classes of fields coupled to gravity, such as gauge theories. Since most of the known solutions of Einstein's equations have Killing symmetries, the study of how these symmetries are broken by small perturbations takes on considerable theoretical significance

Corporate Human Resource Management In An International Setting

This Human Resource Management case deals with problems and issues of setting up an international subsidiary which aligns with corporate strategy. The discussion concerns how such a case can be used to exhibit the alignment between HRM and international strategy

Loneliness Gets a Bad Report

The Christian text is quick to introduce the imperative to build close relationships. At the commencement of human history God declares that it is not good for a person to be alone (Gen 2:18 NIV). Loneliness was clearly not a part of God’s original plan for human existence

Staffing And EEO Laws: A Human Resource Management Case Study

An HRM case dealing with problems and issues encountered as a company seeks to follow Equal Employment Opportunity laws during the staffing process

The Dark Energy Survey Y1 Supernova Search: Survey Strategy Compared to Forecasts and the Photometric Type Ia Sn Volumetric Rate

For 70 years, the physics community operated under the assumption that the expansion of the Universe must be slowing due to gravitational attraction. Then, in 1998, two teams of scientists used Type Ia supernovae to discover that cosmic expansion was actually acceler- ating due to a mysterious “dark energy.” As a result, Type Ia supernovae have become the most cosmologically important transient events in the last 20 years, with a large amount of effort going into their discovery as well as understanding their progenitor systems. One such probe for understanding Type Ia supernovae is to use rate measurements to de- termine the time delay between star formation and supernova explosion. For the last 30 years, the discovery of individual Type Ia supernova events has been accelerating. How- ever, those discoveries were happening in time-domain surveys that probed only a portion of the redshift range where expansion was impacted by dark energy. The Dark Energy Survey (DES) is the first project in the “next generation” of time-domain surveys that will discovery thousands of Type Ia supernovae out to a redshift of 1.2 (where dark energy be- comes subdominant) and DES will have better systematic uncertainties over that redshift range than any survey to date. In order to gauge the discovery effectiveness of this survey, we will use the first season’s 469 photometrically typed supernovee and compare it with simulations in order to update the full survey Type Ia projections from 3500 to 2250. We will then use 165 of the 469 supernovae out to a redshift of 0.6 to measure the supernovae rate both as a function of comoving volume and of the star formation rate as it evolves with redshift. We find the most statistically significant prompt fraction of any survey to date (with a 3.9σ prompt fraction detection). We will also reinforce the already existing tension in the measurement of the delayed fraction between high (z \u3e 1.2) and low red- shift rate measurements, where we find no significant evidence of a delayed fraction at all in our photometric sample

Midwest Education, Inc.: An International Human Resource Management Case Study

An HRM case dealing with problems encountered in global operations is presented.  Discussion concerns how such a case can be used to exhibit the alignment between HRM and business strategy.  This case study is appropriate for any human resource management class

Resolving Healthcare Issues In Compliance With The Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act

This paper is an HRM case dealing with problems of a company resolving healthcare issues in compliance with the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Discussion concerns how such a case can be used to exhibit the alignment between HRM strategies and legal mandates for healthcare benefits

The Service of Trade Publications

The trade publishing field is a necessity in business as it is carried on today. Early business transactions were conducted by the spoken word; this was replaced by the printed page; the page became a booklet, which in turn, due to rapid industrial progress, was succeeded by the frequent periodical for each trade. Thus literature of all industry was inaugur­ated

Plasmonic nanoparticle enhanced photocurrent in GaN/InGaN/GaN quantum well solar cells

We demonstrate enhanced external quantum efficiency and current-voltage characteristics due to scattering by 100 nm silver nanoparticles in a single 2.5 nm thick InGaN quantum well photovoltaic device. Nanoparticle arrays were fabricated on the surface of the device using an anodic alumina template masking process. The Ag nanoparticles increase light scattering, light trapping, and carrier collection in the III-N semiconductor layers leading to enhancement of the external quantum efficiency by up to 54%. Additionally, the short-circuit current in cells with 200 nm p-GaN emitter regions is increased by 6% under AM 1.5 illumination. AFORS-Het simulation software results were used to predict cell performance and optimize emitter layer thickness