Molecular diversity and genetic relationships in Secale

The objective of this study was to quantify the molecular diversity and to determine the genetic relationships among Secale spp. and among cultivars of Secale cereale using RAPDs, ISSRs and sequence analysis of six exons of ScMATE1 gene. Thirteen ryes (cultivated and wild) were genotyped using 21 RAPD and 16 ISSR primers. A total of 435 markers (242 RAPDs and 193 ISSRs) were obtained, with 293 being polymorphic (146 RAPDs and 147 ISSRs). Two RAPD and nine ISSR primers generated more than 80% of polymorphism. The ISSR markers were more polymorphic and informative than RAPDs. Further, 69% of the ISSR primers selected achieved at least 70% of DNA polymorphism. The study of six exons of the ScMATE1 gene also demonstrated a high genetic variability that subsists in Secale genus. One difference observed in exon 1 sequences from S. vavilovii seems to be correlated with Al sensitivity in this species. The genetic relationships obtained using RAPDs, ISSRs and exons of ScMATE1 gene were similar. S. ancestrale, S. kuprijanovii and S. cereale were grouped in the same cluster and S. segetale was in another cluster. S. vavilovii showed evidences of not being clearly an isolate species and having great intraspecific differences

Repression of Mitochondrial Citrate Synthase Genes by Aluminum Stress in Roots of Secale cereale and Brachypodium distachyon

Aluminum (Al) toxicity in acid soils influences plant development and yield. Almost 50% of arable land is acidic. Plants have evolved a variety of tolerance mechanisms for Al. In response to the presence of Al, various species exudate citrate from their roots. Rye (Secale cereale L.) secretes both citrate and malate, making it one of the most Al-tolerant cereal crops. However, no research has been done on the role of the mitochondrial citrate synthase (mCS) gene in Al-induced stress in the rye. We have isolated an mCS gene, encoding a mitochondrial CS isozyme, in two S. cereale cultivars (Al-tolerant cv. Ailés and Al-sensitive inbred rye line Riodeva; ScCS4 gene) and in two Brachypodium distachyon lines (Al-tolerant ABR8 line and Al-sensitive ABR1 line; BdCS4 gene). Both mCS4 genes have 19 exons and 18 introns. The ScCS4 gene was located on the 6RL rye chromosome arm. Phylogenetic studies using cDNA and protein sequences have shown that the ScCS4 gene and their ScCS protein are orthologous to mCS genes and CS proteins of different Poaceae plants. Expression studies of the ScCS4 and BdSC4 genes show that the amount of their corresponding mRNAs in the roots is higher than that in the leaves and that the amounts of mRNAs in plants treated and not treated with Al were higher in the Al-tolerant lines than that in the Al-sensitive lines of both species. In addition, the levels of ScCS4 and BdCS4 mRNAs were reduced in response to Al (repressive behavior) in the roots of the tolerant and sensitive lines of S. cereale and B. distachyon

Del color de los ojos al interior del genoma. Nuevas tecnologías aplicadas a la educación: una experiencia en la enseñanza de la Genética

Depto. de Genética, Fisiología y MicrobiologíaFac. de Ciencias BiológicasFALSEsubmitte

Herramientas de aprendizaje para estudiantes de secundaria: Aplicación de la Genética a una situación real

Depto. de Genética, Fisiología y MicrobiologíaFac. de Ciencias BiológicasFALSEsubmitte

Herramientas de aprendizaje para estudiantes de secundaria en el campo de la Genética

Se ha diseñado una actividad: la caracterización molecular de la mutación de un gen que modifica el color de los ojos en Drosophila melanogaster, partiendo de un carácter morfológico, el color de los ojos, se obtendrá la secuencia del gen responsable y su localización en el genoma de la especie. Se pretende desarrollar una actividad práctica que permita a los alumnos de segundo ciclo de la ESO comprender la genética y la genómica y cómo estos conocimientos se pueden aplicar a distintas áreas: salud, biotecnología o impacto ambiental

Herramientas de aprendizaje para estudiantes de secundaria: Aplicación de la Genética y la Genómica

Depto. de Genética, Fisiología y MicrobiologíaFac. de Ciencias BiológicasFALSEsubmitte

Laboratorio en abierto: aPrendiendo a CopiaR el ADN

El objetivo principal del proyecto es la puesta a punto de recursos educativos en abierto (REA) dirigidos a los alumnos de secundaria. El punto de partida será plantear diferentes retos y situaciones que se pueden resolver utilizando distintos recursos científicos, para decidir qué recurso es el más adecuado y cómo se aplica. En esta propuesta la resolución de los problemas planteados estaría basada en la aplicación de una herramienta que ha revolucionado la genética y biología, la reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa, conocida como PCR

Laboratorio en abierto: aprendendiendo a copiar ADN.2

El objetivo principal del proyecto es la puesta a punto de recursos educativos en abierto (REA) dirigidos a los alumnos de secundaria. La propuesta pretende desarrollar habilidades, para la resolución de problemas científicos, a través de retos que despierten el interés y la imaginación de los alumnos de secundaria. En esta propuesta la resolución de los problemas planteados estaría basada en la aplicación de una herramienta que ha revolucionado la genética y biología, la reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa, conocida como PCR

Biochemical, physiological and genetic analysis of aluminum tolerance of different rye species

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is the major limitation for crop productivity in acid soils which are widespread all overthe world. Plant species differ in their responses to this abiotic stress having developed resistance mechanisms todetoxify and tolerate Al both internally and externally. Rye (Secale cerealeL.) is one of the most Al-tolerant cerealwith a valuable genetic background for breeding purposes. Wild relatives (Secalespp.) have great importanceonce they can provide new sources of genes related to this trait. Different cellular disorders possibly related to Altolerance/toxicity were observed through histochemical root staining methods in cultivated and wild ryes and acorrelation was found. Moreover, expression studies of seven candidate Al-tolerance genes (ScALMT1,ScMATE2,ScSTOP1,ScMDH1,ScMDH2,ScCu/ZnSODandScMnSOD) were performed in roots and shoots offive wild ryes.All genes seems to have an active contribution on Al resistance mechanisms of these ryes, however,ScALMT1andScMATE2genes clearly have a key role in the Al-tolerance increment. Al tolerance inSecalegenus seems tobe a genetically complex trait where different resistance mechanisms coexist, due to several genes whose cu-mulative effects improves the ability to withstand Al phytotoxicit

On the consequences of aluminium stress in rye: repressionof two mitoch ondrial malate dehydrogenase mRNAs

Plants have developed several external and internal aluminium (Al) tolerance mecha-nisms. The external mechanism best characterised is the exudation of organic acidsinduced by Al. Rye (Secale cereale L.), one of the most Al-tolerant cereal crops, secretesboth citrate and malate from its roots in response to Al. However, the role of malatedehydrogenase (MDH) genes in Al-induced stress has not been studied in rye. Wehave isolated the ScMDH1 and ScMDH2 genes, encoding two different mitochondrialMDH isozymes, in three Al-tolerant rye cultivars (Ailes, Imperial and Petkus) and onesensitive inbred rye line (Riodeva). These genes, which have seven exons and sixintrons, were located on the 1R (ScMDH1) and 3RL(ScMDH2) chromosomes. Exon 1of ScMDH1 and exon 7 of ScMDH2 were the most variable among the different ryes.The hypothetical proteins encoded by these genes were classified as putative mito-chondrial MDH isoforms. The phylogenetic relationships obtained using both cDNAand protein sequences indicated that the ScMDH1 and ScMDH2 proteins are ortholo-gous to mitochondrial MDH1 and MDH2 proteins of different Poaceae species. Theexpression studies of the ScMDH1 and ScMDH2 genes indicate that it is more intensein roots than in leaves. Moreover, the amount of their corresponding mRNAs in rootsfrom plants treated and not treated with Al was higher in the tolerant cultivar Petkusthan in the sensitive inbred line Riodeva. In addition, ScMDH1 and ScMDH2 mRNAlevels decreased in response to Al stress (repressive behaviour) in the roots of both thetolerant Petkus and the sensitive line Riodeva