Valorization of Rice Bran mini-symposium. 4th International Conference on Global Food Security.

International audienceEight different talks presenting works on rice bran composition and properties were presented by speakers from four distinct continents: USA, Brazil, Mali and France. These talks allowed pointing out the high amount of beneficial compounds for health in bran rice and their potential to improve human health especially malnourished and sick children in poor countries. However, the general use of bran rice nowadays is devoted to animal nutrition even if some countries in Asia and Africa begin to understand its health potential in human nutrition. The different teams work on a better understanding of bran rice constituting compounds and their health effects, notably using metabolomic approaches and intervention studies. Researchers also analyse the potential presence of toxic molecules, such as mycotoxin heavy metals, or pesticides or unfavourable microorganisms and develop studies to evaluate conditions that favour their presence or develop process to lower their content.Taking advantages of the presence of actors from the overall rice chain-value including geneticists, biochemists, microbiologists, nutritionists and users, a final short debate was conducted around two main points:-Could you think possible to use part of rice bran fraction generally devoted to animal nutrition in human food? -Do you think the actual diversity will be sufficient and perennial to fulfil the bran use in human nutrition?The interest of continuing studies on rice bran composition and health effects was unanimously recognised. Indeed a “VALOBRAN” consortium of researchers was initiated around this topic and sustained with an help from MUSE.VALOBRAN consortium gathering: Elisabeth P. Ryan (CSU), Mariana Larraz Ferreira (UNIRIO), Millena Santos Barros (UNIRIO-INRAE-CIRAD), Valérie Lullien-Pellerin (INRAE), Rallou Thomopoulos (INRAE), Carole Antoine-Assor (INRAE), Cécile Barron (INRAE), Claire Bourlieu (INRAE), Valérie Micard (SupAgro), Maria Cruz Figueroa (SupAgro), Pierre Villeneuve (CIRAD), Jérome Lecomte (CIRAD), Erwann Durand (CIRAD), Nathalie Barouh (CIRAD), Bruno Baréa (CIRAD), Genevieve Fliedel (CIRAD), Christelle Humblot (IRD), Frank Wirienga (IRD)

THE SYNTHESIS OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS DURING SORGHUM GRAIN GROWTH: CHEMOMETRICS AND METABOLOMIC SCREENING

National audienc

Digestibility, biochemical changes and Kafirin polymerization analysis during sorghum grain development

International audienc

Sequential one-pot NaDES assisted extraction and biotransformation of rice bran: A new strategy to boost antioxidant activity of natural extracts

International audienceNatural Deep Eutectic solvents (NaDES) was used to produce, after sequential one-pot extraction and biotransformation of naturally pigmented rice bran (RB), ready-to-use extracts that improve the oxidative stability of lipids in an oil-in-water emulsion. Two NaDES-based strategies were implemented. Extraction of phenolics content varied according to the NaDES. The shiftable NaDES (obtained from the acidic-NaDES based on ChCl and xylitol) stands out by showing content of 1525 mg eq gallic acid/100 g RB. The sequential one-pot biotransformation with immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B after increasing pH, was marked by a decrease in phenolics content and a lipids profile variation. These enriched extracts could be used as natural additives or ready-to-use extracts, as confirmed by the encouraging antioxidant results observed in emulsion. Omics tools should be applied to elucidate the structural rearrangement between compounds and the pool of extracted antioxidant molecules that may explain the protection against lipid oxidation

Evaluation of genotype and growing season impacts on the synthesis of phenolic compounds during sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) grain development

International audienc

Avaliação dos tióis proteicos ao longo da maturação de grãos de trigo em genótipos de diferentes aptidões tecnológicas

O trigo é considerado a matéria-prima mais adequada para a fabricação de pães e massas devido à sua viscoelasticidade, determinada pela qualidade do glúten. Apesar do conhecido impacto dos polímeros de glúten na qualidade do trigo, a dinâmica da formação das pontes dissulfeto, por meio da oxidação dos tióis das cisteínas (PSH), não está completamente elucidada. Este trabalho objetivou o estudo da evolução do estado redox dos PSH de 8 genótipos de trigo (Triticum aestivum) brasileiro ao longo da maturação do grão (estádios leitoso, pastoso, maturação fisiológica, maduro e farinha). Os grãos foram caracterizados quanto ao peso médio, umidade, proteínas totais e PSH pelo método de DTNB. Os grãos maduros apresentaram em média 12% de umidade, 15% de proteína e peso seco de 34,0±2,1 mg/grão. Os teores de PSH variaram de 2,2-8,6 μmol/g (leitoso), 1,7-7,2 μmol/g (pastoso) a 1,0-3,4 μmol/g (maturação fisiológica). Em grãos maduros e farinhas, o teor de PSH foi similar para todas as amostras (2,3±0,6 µmol/g; <2 µmol/g, respectivamente). Três genótipos apresentaram oxidação excessiva nos estádios imaturos. As demais amostras apresentaram um declínio progressivo no teor de PSH, corroborando a literatura e confirmando o envolvimento destes nas pontes dissulfetos intermoleculares de acordo com o desenvolvimento do grão

Changes in metabolomic profile and antioxidant activity during sorghum grain growth

International audienceThe comprehensive phenolic profile, antioxidant activity and color of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L., caudatum) grains were investigated in five different stages of growth (from cellular division to maturity). Grains were harvested (2018, Montpellier-France), freeze-dried and cryogenically ground. Colorimetric parameters (L*, a*, b*) were determined and free (FPC) and bound (BPC) phenolic compounds were extracted from wholegrain flours. Antioxidant capacity was determined by DPPH and Folin-Ciocalteu methods in microplates. Phenolic profile was analyzed by UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MSE in negative mode. Data were processed with Progenesis QI using a customized database (PubChem and Phenol explorer) applying: mass error (80%) and reproducibility (3/3). Sorghum grain flours became significantly darker and redness throughout maturation. FPC and BPC ranged from 207.19 to 1052.77 and 268.71 to 624.75 mg GAE/100g (db), respectively; and antioxidant activity between 10.84 to 108.68 and 29.92 to 67.50 mg TE/100g (db). The most immature stage (S1) had the highest FPC content and antioxidant activity in free extracts, while the highest values of BPC were found in mature grains (S4, mature). S2 represents the grain filling stage and showed the same values in both extracts. Globally, 69 FPC and 120 BPC were tentatively identified with 18 compounds present in both extracts. The first stages (S1-S3) showed the highest number and abundance of phenolic compounds. Bound phenolics were the most abundant (72%), mainly in S2, while free soluble phenolics were higher in immature stages, decreasing along grain maturation. PCA allowed a distinguished phenolic profile in each stage, where S1, S2 and mature presented more than 10 unique PC. This work seems to be the first to reveal the phenolic profiling based on metabolomics during sorghum grain growth. These data can be hereafter correlated with proteomic analysis, in order to better understand the digestion problematic involving tannins and kafirins in this cereal matrix

Potential prebiotic effect of fruit and vegetable byproducts flour using in vitro gastrointestinal digestion

Fruit and vegetable byproducts (FVBP) present high content of bioactive compounds and dietary fibers and have demonstrated a positive modulatory effect upon gut microbiota composition. In the present study, the prebiotic potential of a FVBP flour obtained from solid byproducts after fruit and vegetable processing was evaluated after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. An initial screening with three strains of Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus casei 01, Lactobacillus rhamnosus R11 and Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5®) and one Bifidobacterium strain (Bifidobacterium animalis spp. lactis BB12®) was carried out and then the prebiotic effect of FVBP flour was performed with fecal samples of five donors. The changes in gut microbiota were evaluated at 0, 12, 24 and 48 h of fermentation by the real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method with 16S rRNA-based specific primers. The pH and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) production at each fermentation time were assessed. The fructooligosaccharides (FOS) were used as positive control. The impact of FVBP flour upon cell viability was also evaluated. FVBP flour showed higher prebiotic effect than FOS on growth enhancement of Lactobacillus after 48 h of fermentation and similar bifidogenic effect as FOS on Bifidobacterium growth at 12, 24 and 48 h of fermentation. SCFA production was observed when FVBP flour was used as carbon source, including butyrate, which supports the prebiotic potential of this flour. Additionally, it was observed that after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, the FVBP flour at 3% promoted cell metabolism of Caco-2 cell line up to 67%. Thus, the present study demonstrates the viability of using a fruit and vegetable byproducts flour as a potential sustainable prebiotic source.N/

Dataset on phenolic profile of seven wheat genotypes along maturation

This article contains data on phenolic-profiling of seven wheat genotypes along maturation (softy, milky, physiological maturity and mature). This supplementary data is related to research “Metabolomic approach for characterization of phenolic compounds in different wheat genotypes during grain development” (Santos et al., 2018). Briefly, free and bound phenolic compounds were extracted with 80% ethanol (v/v) and hydrolysis processes, respectively. The aliquots resultants were separated by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and analyzed by quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QTOF). Data were acquired using a multiplexed MS/MS acquisition with alternating low and high energy acquisition (MSE). The phenolic compounds with their respective abundances are showed here through characterization table and multivariate analysis (hierarchical cluster analysis—HCA—and principal component analysis—PCA)

Acessibilidade, biodisponibilidade e consumo de alimentos ricos em carotenoides e vitamina A em crianças de até 5 anos

Simultaneamente à epidemia mundial de sobrepeso e obesidade, existem ainda deficiências nutricionais endêmicas, tais como a hipovitaminose A em diversas regiões do mundo. A hipovitaminose A pode causar xeroftalmia (cegueira noturna e ressecamento dos olhos), cegueira e predispõe ao risco de morte milhares de crianças no mundo, principalmente nos países em desenvolvimento, inclusive no Brasil, o que indica a necessidade de implementação de estratégias públicas efetivas para controlar e prevenir distúrbios nutricionais e suas complicações neste ciclo de vida. Evidências científicas apontam que o consumo de frutas e verduras, ricas em carotenoides, é capaz de melhorar o estado de deficiência nutricional em vitamina A em crianças. Assim, informações combinadas sobre o perfil de consumo alimentar, a acessibilidade, a composição e a biodisponibilidade de carotenoides em alimentos-fonte e em suplementos de vitamina A são fundamentais no combate à hipovitaminose A em crianças menores de cinco anos, principalmente em países em desenvolvimento. Dentro desse contexto, esta revisão traz como objetivos avaliar os dados obtidos sobre acessibilidade, biodisponibilidade e consumo alimentar de alimentos ricos em carotenoides e vitamina A na intervenção efetiva para prevenção e do controle da hipovitaminose A em crianças menores de 5 anos no mundo.