Pretratamiento de ozonolisis de bagazo de caña

En este trabajo se presenta un estudio del pretratamiento con ozono del bagazo de caña con una doble componente experimental y teórica. La primera parte aborda la optimización de la ionización en planta laboratorio mediante un diseño de experimentos. El bagazo ozonizado aumenta su rendimiento en la hidrólisis enzimática con respecto al material sin tratar del 17´83% al 69´51% de glucosa y del 8´09% al 51´33% de xilosa cuando se opera con un 40% de humedad, un flujo de 1´8 g/h de ozono durante 15 min. En la parte teórica se realiza el escalado a una planta piloto de 10 kg/h de bagazo y se realiza su estudio de viabilidad económica y seguridad. La planta piloto consta de un reactor de lecho fijo de 115´45 dm3, un ozonizador de corona tipo tubo y un destructor de ozono termo-catalítico. El estudio económico concluye que la planta piloto es viable económicamente con una rentabilidad del 25% a 10 años.Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología del Medio AmbienteGrado en Ingeniería Químic

Obtención de fertilizantes líquidos a partir de material bioestabilizado

En este trabajo se ha realizado el estudio de extracción convencional y asistida con microondas utilizando diferentes solventes: agua, solventes alcalinos y solventes ácidos. El objetivo es obtener un líquido rico en carbono orgánico y nutrientes (principalmente nitrógeno y fósforo), con el fin de que dicho líquido pueda ser utilizado como fertilizante orgánico en la agricultura. Para poder obtener las mejores condiciones de operación se ha llevado a cabo un estudio estadístico de los datos, así como metodología de diseño de experimentos, para obtener las condiciones de operación que optimizan la extracción de los compuestos de interés. A continuación, los escenarios más favorables de extracción para los 3 solventes han sido comparados desde el punto de vista técnico, económico y ambiental con el fin de saber qué escenario es potencialmente escalable.Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología del Medio AmbienteDoctorado en Ingeniería Industria

Dynamics of biochemical components, lipids classes and energy values on gonadal development of R.philippinarum associated with the temperature and ingestion rate

This study evaluates the effect of temperature, coupled with ingestion rate, on the dynamics of biochemical components and lipid classes in R. philippinarum. The data are discussed with regard to sexual development and energy balance. Experimental protocol developed in the present study used two groups of the clam R. philippinarum: L (temperatures of 14 °C and 18 °C) and H (temperatures of 18 °C and 22 °C). The intra-group ingestion level was similar, although the ingestion level of the clams in the group H was 2.4 times higher than group L. We observed that R. philippinarum conditioned at 18 °C (18L) shows higher protein content, furthermore an important loss of organic weight was observed after 48 days. In such a situation, the clams use their own reserves (carbohydrates and glycogen) for sexual development while in situations without food stress (positive energy balance) and low temperature (14 °C) an accumulation of reserves is produced. Strikingly dissimilar behaviour in biochemical composition was observed for the 18H and 22H treatments, both with a positive energy balance. Despite similar protein content, the highest levels of carbohydrates were observed at the lower temperature (18 °C). Glycogen was also higher for the 18 °C treatment, although the differences were significant only in the males. Although the total lipids in R. philippinarum showed no significant differences in any treatment, they became apparent and related to sex when considering the individual lipid classes. There was no variation in lipid classes in the males between the 14L and 22H treatments despite the large disparity in the degree of sexual development. However, in the females significant differences in lipid classes (phospholipids, triglycerides) were observed. The results of this study show that a positive energy balance permits R. philippinarum gonadal development and accumulation of reserves both in low and high temperature conditions. In low temperature situations, gonadal development is slower and the energy reserves are accumulated in the form of carbohydrates. When the clams are conditioned at high temperatures, gonadal development is fast and complete, carbohydrates are consumed and lipids are accumulated.Publicado

Sustainable Teacher Training and SDGs Knowledge: A Study from the Reading Perspective

©2023. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by /4.0/ This document is the Published, version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Education Sciences. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13070663This study aims at analysing the relevance of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in initial teacher education and the prominence given to reading, as well as the relationship between the two issues. The research modality chosen is non-experimental, descriptive (survey) and mixed. On the one hand, a questionnaire designed for 118 students of the different teaching-related degrees offered at the Faculty of Education of Universidad de Murcia (Spain) was used to collect information. On the other hand, the interview script was prepared for five professors from the University who teach in these degrees or postgraduate studies, also related to teaching. The results highlight the poor treatment and general lack of knowledge about the SDGs and the little consideration given to them in the literature. There is a pressing need to change the approach and to advocate for a cross-cutting approach to both issues, also taking advantage of the relationship between literature and SDGs for the benefit of the education community

Propuesta de enseñanza innovadora en Educación Infantil a través de la creatividad: La resolución de conflictos en la vida cotidiana.

[SPA] La propuesta que presentamos tiene como objetivo desarrollar la creatividad en la etapa escolar infantil. Abordamos la creatividad como la aptitud innata para producir ideas y soluciones nuevas, centrando la atención en el desarrollo de uno de sus componentes fundamentales: el pensamiento divergente. Basamos nuestra propuesta de trabajo en autores como Guilford y Robinson, defendiendo la creatividad como concepto central no sólo vinculado a la educación sino a todos los aspectos de la vida. Esta aptitud se debe potenciar y desarrollar con la práctica educativa, para ello presentamos una serie de talleres que parten del aprendizaje significativo, de situaciones cotidianas en la vida del estudiante. Evitando estereotipos, el alumnado comprobará cómo existen varias soluciones a un mismo problema siendo todas válidas. Promovemos con nuestra práctica docente el fomento de actitudes y valores como la tolerancia y el respeto, implementando una metodología flexible y participativa en la que el alumno es el protagonista y el docente guía el deseo natural de aprender. [ENG] Our study focuses in the development of creativity in early childhood education. We study creativity as an innate ability to produce ideas and new solutions, centering the educational plan on developing one of its main components: the divergent thinking. Our project is based on authors such as Guilford and Robinson, defending creativity as a main concept, and not only linked to education but to all aspects in life. This ability should be strengthened and developed in the classroom by practical activities; our methodology defends this meaningful and functional learning linking teaching tolearner’s everyday life and personal needs. Avoiding stereotypes, students will find that there are several solutions for a given task and all of them are acceptable. Our teaching practice promote the development of attitudes and values such as tolerance and respect, implementing a flexible and participatory approach, transforming the student in the leader and the teacher in the guide that shapes their natural desire to learn

Valorization of discarded red beetroot through the recovery of bioactive compounds and the production of pectin by surfactant-assisted microwave extraction

Discarded red beetroot (DRB) is an organic waste generated in the food industry. This study is focused on the valorization of DRB through the recovery of bioactive compounds. The characterization of the DRB juice confirmed a higher content of antioxidants (DPPH 504 ± 24 µmol TE/L, FRAP 10920 ± 440 µmol TE/L, ABTS 22012 ± 592 µmol TE/L), phenolic compounds (1789 ± 56 mg GAE/L), flavonoids (471± 17 mg CE/L) and betalains (1426 ± 24 mg/L) than commercial juices. DRB pomace contains pectin that was recovered by microwave extraction aided by a surfactant (polyethylene glycol, PEG4000). Conditions (temperature, time and surfactant concentration) for the extraction of galacturonic acid (GalA) or pectooligosaccharides (POS) were optimized by a central composite experimental design. POS were extracted at high temperatures (160 °C, 5.3 min, 8.4 g PEG4000/L, yield of 271.2 g POS/kg dry pomace). In comparison, galacturonic acid extraction was favored at moderate conditions (137 °C, 5 min, 2.5 g PEG4000/L, yield of 120.1 g GalA/kg dry pomace). The characterization of the freeze-dried hydrolysates revealed that the solid obtained under moderate temperature conditions (137 ºC) showed a higher GalA content (49.5%) and lower neutral sugars (11.4%), as GalA degrades at lower temperatures than pentoses. The recovered pectin can be considered high-methoxyl pectin, as the degree of esterification was higher than 50%. FTIR spectra of the freeze-dried hydrolysates showed functional groups consistent with pectin. MALDI-TOF-MS analysis revealed the presence of oligosaccharides of hexoses and pentoses with different structures and degrees of polymerization. Thus, DRB, a low-value vegetable waste, can be converted into high-value-added bioproducts in a biorefinery framework.Instituto de Procesos SosteniblesSpanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (PID2020-115110RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033

Efficient recovery and characterization of humic acids from municipal and manure composts: A comparative study

Producción CientíficaThe recovery of humic acids from low-quality compost obtained in municipal solid waste treatment plants provides opportunities for its valorization. This study compares the recovery and properties of the humic acids obtained from municipal mixed waste compost (MMWC) and manure compost. The effects of temperature, time, and KOH concentration on the ratio of humic acids in the extracted liquid and the content of organic carbon of the precipitates were investigated by response surface methodology. Optimal conditions were 30°C and 24 h for both composts, with a KOH concentration of 0.53 M for MMWC and 0.25 M for manure compost. The manure compost provided a liquid extract richer in humic acids than MMWC (76.6% vs. 33.7%), but the precipitates presented similar organic carbon contents (38.1% vs. 42.4%). Regarding composition, both humic acids presented higher organic carbon and nitrogen contents than the composts used as feedstock. The extraction and further precipitation of humic acids reduced the concentration of heavy metals. Humic acids from manure compost have a slightly higher average molecular weight (2650 Da) than those from MMWC (1980 Da), while both present similar C/N ratios and degree of aromaticity. Most contaminants of emerging concern present in the original composts were not detected in the humic acids. Thus, it was demonstrated that MMWC constitutes an attractive source of humic acids with properties similar to those obtained from a high-quality compost and, therefore, with potential economic value.Programme of Cooperation INTERREG V-A Spain-Portugal (POCTEP) 2014-2020. European Regional Development Fund (EU-FEDER) (Project 0765_VALUECOMP_2_P)

Estudio DRIFTs-MS in situ de la oxidación de CO en condiciones subestequiométricas de oxígeno con un catalizador bimetálico Ni-Ce

El interés en la reducción de uno de los principales contaminantes atmosféricos como el monóxido de carbono hace que se hayan propuesto diversas técnicas para su eliminación. Actualmente, la oxidación catalítica a baja temperatura presenta gran interés, siendo los catalizadores soportados que contienen metales nobles, como Pt o Pd, los más estudiados. Los catalizadores bimetálicos Ni-Ce no soportados con alta área superficial han mostrado una importante población de vacantes de oxígeno, en comparación con sus equivalentes materiales soportados; mostrando un rendimiento considerable en la reacción de oxidación de CO, con prácticamente conversión completa por encima de los 460K. La actividad catalítica mejorada está relacionada con la presencia de la solución Ni-Ce-Ox que favorece las dos rutas involucradas en el mecanismo de oxidación de CO.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Maternal physiological changes at rest induced by exercise during pregnancy: A randomized controlled trial.

Objective: to analyse maternal physiological changes in several areas (cardiovascular, metabolic, renal and hepatic) related to the regular practice of a supervised exercise program. Methods: This is an unplanned secondary analysis from a randomized controlled trial carried out in a single maternity unit in Madrid, Spain (NCT 02,756,143). From November 2014 to June 2015, 92 women were randomly assigned to perform a mild-moderate supervised exercise program during pregnancy (Intervention group, IG) or to continue with their routine pregnancy care (control group, CG). For the purpose of this study we collected clinical and analytical data (heart blood pressure, weight, blood glucose, AST, ALT, blood Creatinine and blood Uric acid) available from all obstetric visits and examined the differences between groups. Results: We did not find any differences in: pregnancy weight (IG: 11.4 ± 4.4 Kg vs. CG: 10.1 ± 5.3 Kg; p = 0.173); fasting glucose at 10+0–12+6 weeks (IG: 78.48±8.34 vs. CG: 76±13.26, p = 0.305) or at 34+0–36+4 weeks (IG: 73.25±10.27 vs CG: 73.45± 8.29,p = 0.920), and 50 gs glucose tolerance at 24+4–26+6weeks (IG: 116.23±35.07 vs CG: 116.36±25.98, p = 0.984); Aspartate-amino-transferase at 10+0–12+6 weeks (IG: 15.38±4.17 vs CG: 17.33±7.05, p = 0.124) and at 34+0–36+4 weeks (IG: 21.65±5.25 vs CG: 19.53±8.32, p = 0.165) or Alanine-amino- transferase at 10+0–12+6 weeks (IG: 27.50±10.63 vs CG: 28.27±11.77, p = 0.746) or at 34+0–36+4 weeks (IG: 22.93±9.23 vs CG: 20.84±13.49, p = 0.407); blood Creatinine concentrations at 34+0–36+4 weeks (IG: 0.595±0.401 vs CG: 0.575±0.100, p = 0.757) and blood uric acid concentrations at 34+0–36+4 weeks (IG: 3.526 ± 0.787 vs CG: 3.262±0.672, p = 0.218). Heart blood pressure was similar between groups except at 27+0–28+6 weeks, where systolic blood pressure was significantly lower in the CG in comparison to the IG (116.31±10.8 mmHg vs. 120.22 ± 10.3 mmHg, p = 0.010). Conclusion: Regular supervised exercise during pregnancy does not alter normal maternal physiologypre-print609 K