Physical mapping and BAC-end sequence analysis provide initial insights into the flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) genome

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Flax (<it>Linum usitatissimum </it>L.) is an important source of oil rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which have proven health benefits and utility as an industrial raw material. Flax seeds also contain lignans which are associated with reducing the risk of certain types of cancer. Its bast fibres have broad industrial applications. However, genomic tools needed for molecular breeding were non existent. Hence a project, Total Utilization Flax GENomics (TUFGEN) was initiated. We report here the first genome-wide physical map of flax and the generation and analysis of BAC-end sequences (BES) from 43,776 clones, providing initial insights into the genome.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The physical map consists of 416 contigs spanning ~368 Mb, assembled from 32,025 fingerprints, representing roughly 54.5% to 99.4% of the estimated haploid genome (370-675 Mb). The N50 size of the contigs was estimated to be ~1,494 kb. The longest contig was ~5,562 kb comprising 437 clones. There were 96 contigs containing more than 100 clones. Approximately 54.6 Mb representing 8-14.8% of the genome was obtained from 80,337 BES. Annotation revealed that a large part of the genome consists of ribosomal DNA (~13.8%), followed by known transposable elements at 6.1%. Furthermore, ~7.4% of sequence was identified to harbour novel repeat elements. Homology searches against flax-ESTs and NCBI-ESTs suggested that ~5.6% of the transcriptome is unique to flax. A total of 4064 putative genomic SSRs were identified and are being developed as novel markers for their use in molecular breeding.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The first genome-wide physical map of flax constructed with BAC clones provides a framework for accessing target loci with economic importance for marker development and positional cloning. Analysis of the BES has provided insights into the uniqueness of the flax genome. Compared to other plant genomes, the proportion of rDNA was found to be very high whereas the proportion of known transposable elements was low. The SSRs identified from BES will be valuable in saturating existing linkage maps and for anchoring physical and genetic maps. The physical map and paired-end reads from BAC clones will also serve as scaffolds to build and validate the whole genome shotgun assembly.</p

CNS Delivery Via Adsorptive Transcytosis

Adsorptive-mediated transcytosis (AMT) provides a means for brain delivery of medicines across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is readily equipped for the AMT process: it provides both the potential for binding and uptake of cationic molecules to the luminal surface of endothelial cells, and then for exocytosis at the abluminal surface. The transcytotic pathways present at the BBB and its morphological and enzymatic properties provide the means for movement of the molecules through the endothelial cytoplasm. AMT-based drug delivery to the brain was performed using cationic proteins and cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs). Protein cationization using either synthetic or natural polyamines is discussed and some examples of diamine/polyamine modified proteins that cross BBB are described. Two main families of CPPs belonging to the Tat-derived peptides and Syn-B vectors have been extensively used in CPP vector-mediated strategies allowing delivery of a large variety of small molecules as well as proteins across cell membranes in vitro and the BBB in vivo. CPP strategy suffers from several limitations such as toxicity and immunogenicity—like the cationization strategy—as well as the instability of peptide vectors in biological media. The review concludes by stressing the need to improve the understanding of AMT mechanisms at BBB and the effectiveness of cationized proteins and CPP-vectorized proteins as neurotherapeutics

Abstracts from the 20th International Symposium on Signal Transduction at the Blood-Brain Barriers

https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138963/1/12987_2017_Article_71.pd

Le vestibulographe

Fenart R. Le vestibulographe. In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, XII° Série. Tome 4 fascicule 4, 1969. pp. 363-370

Blanchard (В.). — A propos de quelques surfaces et volumes splanchnocraniens chez les chimpanzés. Thèse de Doctorat d'Etat en Chirurgie dentaire. Université du Droit et de la Santé de Lille. 1979

Fenart R. Blanchard (В.). — A propos de quelques surfaces et volumes splanchnocraniens chez les chimpanzés. Thèse de Doctorat d'Etat en Chirurgie dentaire. Université du Droit et de la Santé de Lille. 1979. In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, XIII° Série. Tome 6 fascicule 4, 1979. p. 430

Deberdt-Descamps (E.), 1979. — Etude des aires sagittales des diverses régions du splanchnocrâne. Thèse 2e Cycle de Chirurgie Dentaire. Université du Droit et de la Santé de Lille. Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire.

Fenart R. Deberdt-Descamps (E.), 1979. — Etude des aires sagittales des diverses régions du splanchnocrâne. Thèse 2e Cycle de Chirurgie Dentaire. Université du Droit et de la Santé de Lille. Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire.. In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, XIII° Série. Tome 6 fascicule 3, 1979. pp. 353-354

Nehr-Tellier (B.) (Mme), Cuvellier (P.), Goffaux (J.C.) et Goffaux- Olivier (D.) (Mme). Le plan orbitaire

Fenart R. Nehr-Tellier (B.) (Mme), Cuvellier (P.), Goffaux (J.C.) et Goffaux- Olivier (D.) (Mme). Le plan orbitaire. In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, XIII° Série. Tome 9 fascicule 1, 1982. p. 77

Deberdt (P.), 1979. — Etude des aires sagittales de la portion antérieure de la face. Thèse 2e Cycle de Chirurgie Dentaire. Université du Droit et de la Santé de Lille. Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire.

Fenart R. Deberdt (P.), 1979. — Etude des aires sagittales de la portion antérieure de la face. Thèse 2e Cycle de Chirurgie Dentaire. Université du Droit et de la Santé de Lille. Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire.. In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, XIII° Série. Tome 6 fascicule 3, 1979. p. 353

Goubet (J. L.). — Notions de vitesse et d'accélération au cours du déplacement ontogénique des points crâniens et faciaux. Thèse de Doctorat d'Etat en Chirurgie dentaire. Université de Droit et de la Santé de Lille. 1979

Fenart R. Goubet (J. L.). — Notions de vitesse et d'accélération au cours du déplacement ontogénique des points crâniens et faciaux. Thèse de Doctorat d'Etat en Chirurgie dentaire. Université de Droit et de la Santé de Lille. 1979. In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, XIII° Série. Tome 6 fascicule 4, 1979. p. 430

Les prognathismes en orientation vestibulaire

PROGNATHISMS IN VESTIBULAR ORIENTATION Summary. — The existence of a prognathism can be directly estimated within the proposed axial system and relative to a « mean type ». The situation of the points and their degree of variation of the mean type being know. Constructions based on the points and their angular measurements lead to the distinction between an endofacial and exofacial prognathism. A complementary proceedure is proposed based on the fronto-parietal sagittal curvature.Résumé. — Dans le système d'axes proposé, et relativement à un « type moyen » dont on connaît la situation des points et leur degré de variation, l'existence d'un prognathisme peut être estimée directement. Des constructions, basées sur les points et sur des mesures angulaires, conduisent à distinguer un prognathisme endofacial et un autre, exofacial. Un procédé complémentaire est encore proposé, basé sur la courbure fronto-pariétale sagittale.Fenart R. Les prognathismes en orientation vestibulaire. In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, XIV° Série. Tome 2 fascicule 1, 1985. pp. 39-53