Expérience d'apprentissage et de collaboration pour la création et l'enregistrement vidéo d'un « Focus group » en psychologie (Lausanne, 2018)

International audienceL'apprentissage des outils de recherche qualitatifs en psychologie fait partie des enseignements de méthodes pour des étudiant-e-s de Bachelor et de Master en psychologie de l'Université de Lausanne. Le « Focus group » ou groupe de discussion centré est un de ces outils dont l'acquisition est une compétence importante pour de futur-e-s psychologues quel que soit leur lieu d'activité professionnelle. De nombreux ouvrages expliquent les bases théoriques et pratiques de cet outil mais il existe peu d'exemples vidéo de Focus group « académiquement » exploitables et pouvant servir d'exemple pour la mise en place en groupe de cet instrument. Le projet « Expérience d'apprentissage et de collaboration » propose aux étudiants de collaborer pour la mise en place et la réalisation complète de Focus group(s) sur des thématiques qui les intéressent dans le cadre d'un enseignemen

Expérience d'apprentissage et de collaboration pour la création et l'enregistrement vidéo d'un « Focus group » en psychologie (Lausanne, 2018)

International audienceL'apprentissage des outils de recherche qualitatifs en psychologie fait partie des enseignements de méthodes pour des étudiant-e-s de Bachelor et de Master en psychologie de l'Université de Lausanne. Le « Focus group » ou groupe de discussion centré est un de ces outils dont l'acquisition est une compétence importante pour de futur-e-s psychologues quel que soit leur lieu d'activité professionnelle. De nombreux ouvrages expliquent les bases théoriques et pratiques de cet outil mais il existe peu d'exemples vidéo de Focus group « académiquement » exploitables et pouvant servir d'exemple pour la mise en place en groupe de cet instrument. Le projet « Expérience d'apprentissage et de collaboration » propose aux étudiants de collaborer pour la mise en place et la réalisation complète de Focus group(s) sur des thématiques qui les intéressent dans le cadre d'un enseignemen

« Porosité » entre travail et vie privée, conflits et aménagements : une étude comparative de deux populations de femmes

Actuellement, peu de travaux ont étudié les liens entre travail et vie privée du point de vue des perceptions subjectives. Les auteurs présentent une recherche qualitative focalisée sur cette question et conduite auprès de femmes travaillant dans les domaines de la santé et du management. L’analyse thématique de contenu met en évidence un double mouvement d’autonomie et de « porosité » entre les deux mondes. Trois dimensions subjectives caractérisent ce mouvement paradoxal : les « dynamiques du rapport à l’autre », la « fonction subjective du corps » et la « perception d’une maîtrise relative ». Ces résultats montrent le rôle structurant du conflit psychologique dans le processus de personnalisation, décrit par les participantes en termes de satisfaction vécue, mais uniquement sous certaines conditions

Exploration of the Acceptance of the Use of Procalcitonin Point-of-Care Testing and Lung Ultrasonography by General Practitioners to Decide on Antibiotic Prescriptions for Lower Respiratory Infections: A Qualitative Study

Objectives We aimed to explore the acceptance and opinions of general practitioners (GPs) on the use of procalcitonin point-of-care and lung ultrasonography for managing patients with lower respiratory tract infections in primary care. We suppose that there are several factors that can influence the physician’s antibiotic prescribing decision, and the implementation of a new tool will only be possible when it can be inserted into the physician’s daily practice, helping him/her in the decision-making process.Design Semistructured interviews; data analysis using the grounded theory method.Setting Lausanne, Switzerland.Participants 12 GPs who participated in the randomised clinical trial UltraPro, which evaluated the impact of the use of procalcitonin only or an algorithm combining procalcitonin and lung ultrasonography on antibiotic prescription.Results GPs had mostly positive attitudes towards the use of point-of-care procalcitonin in lower respiratory tract infections and uncertainties regarding the usefulness of ultrasonography. Physicians’ prescribing decisions result from interactions between three kinds of TrustS (core category): ‘self-confidence’, ‘trust in the results’ and ‘trust in the doctor–patient relationship’. Procalcitonin reinforced the three levels of trust, while ultrasonography only strengthened the physician–patient relationship. To facilitate implementation of procalcitonin, physicians pointed out the need of coverage by insurance and of clear guidelines describing the targeted patient population.Conclusions Our data show that there is a preference for the implementation of procalcitonin rather than lung ultrasonography for the management of patients with lower respiratory tract infections in primary care. Coverage by insurance plans and updated guidelines are prerequisite to the successful implementation of procalcitonin testing in primary care.Trial Registration number NCT0319107

Barriers and facilitators to implementation of point-of-care lung ultrasonography in a tertiary centre in Benin: a qualitative study among general physicians and pneumologists

Objectives Owing to its ease-of-use and excellent diagnostic performance for the assessment of respiratory symptoms, point-of-care lung ultrasound (POC-LUS) has emerged as an attractive skill in resource-low settings, where limited access to specialist care and inconsistent radiology services erode health equity.To narrow down the research to practice gap, this study aims to gain in-depth insights in the perceptions on POC-LUS and computer-assisted POC-LUS for the diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in a low-income and middle-income country (LMIC) of sub-Saharan Africa.Design and setting Qualitative study using face-to-face semi-structured interviews with three pneumologists and five general physicians in a tertiary centre for pneumology and tuberculosis in Benin, West Africa. The center hosts a prospective cohort study on the diagnostic performance of POC-LUS for LRTI. In this context, all participants started a POC-LUS training programme 6 months before the current study. Transcripts were coded by the interviewer, checked for intercoder reliability by an independent psychologist, compared and thematically summarised according to grounded theory methods.Results Various barriers− and facilitators+ to POC-LUS implementation were identified related to four principal categories: (1) hospital setting (eg, lack of resources for device renewal or maintenance−, need for POC tests+), (2) physician’s perceptions (eg, lack of opportunity to practice−, willingness to appropriate the technique+), (3) tool characteristics (eg, unclear lifespan−, expedited diagnosis+) and (4) patient’s experience (no analogous image to keep−, reduction in costs+). Furthermore, all interviewees had positive attitudes towards computer-assisted POC-LUS.Conclusions There is a clear need for POC affordable lung imaging techniques in LMIC and physicians are willing to implement POC-LUS to optimise the diagnostic approach of LRTI with an affordable tool. Successful integration of POC-LUS into clinical routine will require adequate responses to local challenges related to the lack of available maintenance resources and limited opportunity to supervised practice for physicians

Psychological transformations in kidney transplantation: A prospective qualitative study

The aim of this IRB-approved study was to prospectively analyze psychological transformations in ESRD patients before and after transplantation (KT). Semi-structured interviews were conducted in 30 patients (mean age = 53±10) after their inclusion on the waiting-list (Gr. A). Follow-up interviews were performed 6 months later in 15 patients still awaiting KT (Gr. B6), and in 15 patients 6 months (Gr. C6) and 12 months (Gr. C12) after KT. Qualitative analysis was performed. Gr: A:All patients underlined loss of freedom, 87% devoted much energy to maintain normality, 57% modified medical directives. All reported emotional fragility related to dialysis and loss of quality of life (QOL), negative (43%) or suicidal thoughts (20%). Professional stigma was underlined (26%). Gr: B6:40% reported no change, 60% mentioned increase of illness intrusiveness, 46% dialysis side-effects, 40% communication problems, 33% tension with medical staff and waiting list handling. Fear of emotional breakdown (40%), couple problems (47%) and worsened professional difficulties (20%) were reported. Gr: C6:All patients mentioned improved QOL and freedom recovery (87%). All expressed concerns about possible acute rejection, 73% were anxious about laboratory results, 93% experienced dependence to immunosuppressants, 47% reported difficulties in handling medication, 21% feared to forget them, 47% were concerned about side-effects, 67% had resumed work but medical constraints led to professional tension (40%). Gr: C12:All mentioned recovered QOL. Medical controls were accepted as a routine (87%) and adherence to medication was mandatory (100%). All mentioned the limited long-term graft survival and 47% were anxious about possible return to dialysis, especially younger patients (27%). Positive identity and existential changes were reported (60%). This prospective qualitative study identifies psychological modifications in the course of KT. It provides a basis to adequately address concerns, but it shows also that KT is clearly associated with positive psychological transformations