A Novel Experience in Treatment of Liver Hydatidosis in Pediatrics: A Clinical Trial Study

Background Hydatidosis is a conventional health public problem in most parts of the world. Safe treatment of patients with hydatidosis has been a topic of debate for a long time. Surgical treatment always was associated with high morbidity and mortality. Medical treatment is also controversial. In this study, alternative procedure named Percutaneous, Aspiration and hypertonic Saline Instillation (PAHSI) was applied to treat patients with hydatidosis. Materials and Methods In this single-blind clinical trial, thirty-eight patients, ranging in age between 6 months and 16 years, with 81 hepatic hydatid cysts underwent PAHSI treatment. The consecutive steps including sonographic guidance, aspiration of cyst content and injection of 15% saline hypertonic were carried out in this method. Patients with multiple cysts also were treated by this procedure. Results Participants were 18 boys (47.3%) and 20 girls (52.6%) with mean age of 8.08+ 3.92 years. Almost half of the patients had single cyst (52.63%). During 2- year follow- up, no recurrences were observed; therefore, re-hospitalization and possible complications reduced considerably. Furthermore, this method was applicable to cure multiple cysts. Conclusion In PAHSI strategy, it seems that the complications of surgery (laparotomy and anesthesia) decreased since no complications observed after procedure, and cosmetic results in future are much better due to avoidance of incision

Survey on the Geo-statistical Distribution of Heavy Metals Concentration in Sistan and Baluchistan’s Groundwater via Geographic Information System, Iran

Abstract Background and purpose:The rapid urbanization and industrialization in many parts of the world have led to the accumulation of heavy metals in the terrestrial environment and pose a serious threat to human health. In this study, a broad assessment was conducted to estimate the levels of heavy metals in groundwater in Sistan and Baluchestan via geographic information system (GIS), Iran, geo-statistical distribution of these contaminants was delineated in affected areas. Materials and Methods:In this study, a total of 357 water samples were collected from designated wells in the area and transported to laboratory according to standard methods. The levels of heavy metals including chromium, cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and aluminum were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. The findings were compared with the Standard values recommended by the Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran, United States Environmental Protection Agency and World Health Organizations. Moreover, employing GIS software, the geo-statistical distribution of heavy metals concentration in groundwater in Sistan and Baluchestan was revealed. Results:In the whole samples, the concentrations of two elements, Pb and Cd, were 31.9% and 40.3%, respectively, which were higher than the maximum permissible limits. The rest of the study variables showed to be within the standards/guidelines recommended by international organizations. Conclusion:Heavy metal levels in groundwater of most study areas were compatible with advised international criteria that indicate a very slight influence of industrialization in the area. Relatively high concentrations of Pb and Cd in few locations suggest the state authorities to give more attentions in developing plans, and consider sustainable development in the area

A Study Identifying Causes of Construction Waste Production and Applying Safety Management on Construction Site

Background and purpose: In a recent century, the amount of construction waste has increased significantly. Although the building industry has a considerable role in the development of a society, it is regarded as an environmentally destructive. Source reduction is the highest goal in the waste management hierarchy and is in priority. It also has economic benefits by reducing costs associated with transportation, disposal or recycling of wastes. The present study is aimed to identify activities generating the wastes in design, transportation and storage and procurement of building materials. Materials and Methods: This was questionnaire survey. A total of 94 professionals in the construction industry were attended in this study. To determine the validity and reliability of the instrument, content validity method and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (0.79) were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows. Frequencies, percentage, mean and standard deviation were determined in this research. Results: The results showed that handling and storage have been chosen as the most causative factor of waste production in construction activity. Improper material storage was identified major factor in producing waste in handling and storage phase. Usage of low-quality material in design stage and material price changes in procurement were recognized as major causes of waste production in these stages. Conclusion: All studied phases in this research were identified as causative factors in producing of waste. Identifying causes of construction waste production will help us decide better how to control this sort of wastes

A Study Identifying Causes of Construction Waste Production and Applying Safety Management on Construction Site A Study Identifying Causes of Construction Waste Production and Applying Safety Management on Construction Site

Abstract Background and purpose: In a recent century, the amount of construction waste has increased significantly. Although the building industry has a considerable role in the development of a society, it is regarded as an environmentally destructive. Source reduction is the highest goal in the waste management hierarchy and is in priority. It also has economic benefits by reducing costs associated with transportation, disposal or recycling of wastes. The present study is aimed to identify activities generating the wastes in design, transportation and storage and procurement of building materials. Materials and Methods: This was questionnaire survey. A total of 94 professionals in the construction industry were attended in this study. To determine the validity and reliability of the instrument, content validity method and Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.79) were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows. Frequencies, percentage, mean and standard deviation were determined in this research. Results: The results showed that handling and storage have been chosen as the most causative factor of waste production in construction activity. Improper material storage was identified major factor in producing waste in handling and storage phase. Usage of low-quality material in design stage and material price changes in procurement were recognized as major causes of waste production in these stages. Conclusion: All studied phases in this research were identified as causative factors in producing of waste. Identifying causes of construction waste production will help us decide better how to control this sort of wastes

Surgery and Anesthesia Management for Intraoral Synechia: A Case Report

Introduction: Intraoral synechia is a rare congenital condition, generally associated with other maxillo-facial malformations. We present a neonate with congenital intraoral bilateral synechia without any other facial anomalies.   Case Report: In this paper, we present a 19-day-old male neonate with congenital intraoral bilateral synechia without any other facial anomalies. We review the literature to discuss the surgical andanesthesia management of this rare congenital disease.   Conclusion: The disease manifested with a wide spectrum of symptoms. Most cases need surgery and airway management. In patients with a low risk of bleeding or a compromised airway, it is possible to manage them withfacemask-inhalation anesthesia and maintain spontaneous breathing

Intraoperative Sonographic Guided Pull-through Anorectoplasty: A Novel Procedure for Imperforate Anus and Rectourethral Fistula: A Clinical Trial Study

Background and objectives: Optimal surgical management of the neonate with imperforate anus (IA) depends on determining accurate location of muscle complex, pouch of rectum and urethral fistula. The aim of this study was to investigate a novel minimally invasive technique of anorectoplasty assisted by intraoperative sonography pull-through for repair of anorectal malformation and rectourinary fistula.Patients and methods: Eight male patients with imperforate anus aged under 48 h had undergone colostomy. Any associated anomalies were evaluated in cases. After 5-8 weeks, neonates were prepared for anoplasty. After catheterization, sonography of perinea was carried out. Patients were placed in lithotomy position. The accurate position of each required point was determined by this procedure.Results: In all cases, the pouch of rectum to skin distance was in range 1.5-1.8 mm and entrance distance of wire to fistula was maximally 6 mm, just in one patient this value was 7 mm. Anomalies associated with some patients were Down Syndrome, cardiac anomalies, kidney disease .6 out of 8 patients removed urinary catheter after two days and discharged home. Colostomy of all patients was closed after sonography of prinea. After one week and one month follow- up, all patients had an acceptable fecal frequency about 3- 5 times a day.Conclusion:Intra-operative sonography is an applicable procedure to determine correct location of muscle complex, pouch of rectum and uretral fistula to treat IA patients non- invasively. Another interesting point of this study is the ability of non invasive surgery and novel procedure with perfect result