Properties of cement made from agricultural waste

The main purpose of the production of cement or wood products, composite panels by binding mineral particles mixed with organic materials such as wood and mineral lignocellolosic connectors such as cement, plaster, etc. This study was conducted with the objective of investigating the feasibility of making wood-cement using Poplar sawdust and Portland cement. A total of 30 bricks were made in the laboratories of Wood and production based on ratios of sawdust to cement (5-95, 10-90, 15-85, 25 -75 persent). Mass and volume of samples were measured and then density of bricks was calculated. The composites were tested for compressive strength using testing machine. The mean compressive strength values were 1.75 and 0.38 MPa composites with sawdust to cement ratios of 5-95 and 25-75 respectively, soaked composites swelled irrespective of the sawdust to cement ratio. The compressive strength for the soaked bricks was approximately 40% of the dry weight strength. The composite bricks were found to be unfit for paving and medium heavy load wall construction. Due to their light weight, by imparting decorative mosaics they can be used for interior wall paneling and decoration, where minimal wetting is experience

VARIATION IN PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF OAK (QUEREUS EASTANEAEFOLIA C.A. MEY) IN SANGDEH REGION OF CASPIAN FORESTS

In this investigation physical and mechanical properties of oak (Quercus castaneaefolia C.A. Mey) in Sangdeh region of Caspian Forests were measured according to the ASTM Standard D-143-83 for small samples. Statistical analysis included the performing of factorial design and Duncan's multiple- range test.The results indicated that geographical direction on the stems were not significant sources of differences for physical and mechanical properties, but the effects of height of stems were great and statistically significant and in most cases properties decreased with increasing height

Effect of cemical modification of lignocellulosics fiber on physical and mechanical properties in MDF

The goal of this study was to investigate the use of bagasse fibers as raw material for making laboratory  medium density fiberboard (MDF). Effect of treatment (with maleic anhydride and without maleic anhydride) of fibers and the press temperatures (180 ºC , 190 ºC , and 200 ºC) on the mechanical and dimensional  stability properties of MDF panels were determined. Physical (thickness swelling, water absorption, and swilling in water at ambient temperatures and in steam for 12-216 h.) and mechanical properties (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and internal bond strength) of the panels were determined according to the procedure of EN standards.This study showed all MDF panels made from bagasse fibers treated with maleic anhydride (MA) at 190 ºC press temperature had the highest values among the other types of specimens for general purpose boards. The thickness swelling and water absorption value with treated bagasse fibers and 190 ºC press temperature were very lower than all MDF panels. Treated bagasse fibers at 190 ºC show a minimum steam absorption. The absorption of steam increase with increase in time from 2 to 120 h in all the six treatments. Beyond 120 h. no additional absorption of steam is found in any of the six MDF boards

Investigation on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Medium Density Fiberboard Produced From Eucalyptus camaldulensis Fibers

The objective of this study was to investigate of possibility of MDF production from successful Eucalyptus Species. Eucalyptus  camaldulensis  fibers were produced using different levels of steaming time ( 7.5 and 15 minutes), press temprature (170, 180 and 190 ºC ) and press time (3 and 4 minutes) and used for panel making. Physical and mechanical properties of panels were measured and analyzed. The results indicated that increasing of steaming time, lowered MOR of boards. The press temprature had significant effect on MOR, and with increasing press temprature, MOR increased. Furthermore increasing of steaming time, decreased the IB of boards and increasing steaming time from 7.5 to 15 minutes, decreased IB from 0.787 to 0.533 MPa. Increasing of steaming time, also decreased thickness swelling of boards. However, the results of this study showed that, the MOR and MOE of boards produced from Eucalyptus  camaldulensis  fibers are around standard level. But in other hand, the internal bonding and thickness swelling of boards are higher than level standard

Utilization of Recycled Polyethylene For Physical & Mechanical Properties Modification of Particleboard

The aim of this study has been utilization of recycled polyethylene in modification of physical and mechanical properties of particleboard. Therefore, three levels of resin consumption content ( 10, 7 and 4% ) and three levels of recycled polyethylene consumption content 5, 10 and 15% in surface layer of mat, particleboards produced. Also in order to influence of these variables on physical and mechanical properties of produced boards, 3 particleboards with 10% resin content in surface layer and without polyethylene as control samples produced. The physical and mechanical properties of boards measured and analyzed. The results of this study indicated that with increasing of the recycled polyethylene consumption content, the MOR, MOE and thickness swelling of boards improved significantly and the produced boards with 15% recycled polyethylene in compare with control boards increased 59 and 53% respectively. Also the results revealed that the water absorption of boards decreased with increasing of increasing of recycled polyethylene consumption content, and the minimum of water absorption of boards observed in the produced boards with 15% recycled polyethylene. Based on the results of this research and with increasing of polymeric residues in the envirement , we conclude that the utilization of recycled polyethylene in particleboard production has different advantages

Investigation of physical and mechanical properties of paulownia wood in particleboard Industry

In this investigation feasibility of Paulownia tomentosa wood in particleboards production were prepared at four different Combination of 100%,75%,50%,and 25%(base of  paulownia) , three different press time of 4,5,and 6 minutes.  Based on the EN standards physical and mechanical properties including MOR, MOE, IB, and thickness swelling (after 2 and 24 immersion in water) were tested. Based on the factorial experimental design at completely random tests were analyses. The results showed that utilization of paulownia wood in particleboard production in 5 minutes and up to 50% paulownia wood particles were optimized

The potential of utilization of alder wood fibers In medium density fiberboard production

In this investigation, 36 laboratory medium density fiberboard (MDF) panels were produced using Alder wood fibers. Variables factors were steaming time ( 5, 10 and 15 minutes), press time (4 and 6 minutes) and resin consumption (9 and 11%). The physical and mechanical properties of panels were measured and analyzed. The results indicated that the maximum MOR was observed panels produced applying 6 minutes press time and resin consumption of 11%. The maximum Internal Bonding (IB) was related to panels made employing steaming time of 15 minutes and resin consumption of 11%. However, test panels produced at 6 minutes press time showed minimum of thickness swelling. The results indicated that the MDF boards produced from alder wood fibers exhibit desirable physical & mechanical properties were above than EN standard requirement. Consequently application of alder wood fibers to improve physical & mechanical properties of MDF panels which are produced from nonwood materials and agricaltural residues is recommended

Nondestructive evaluation of dynamic properties in beach wood using free vibration method on free- free bar

In this study effect of different NDT methods on dynamic properties in beech wood (flexural vibration and longitudinal vibration method) were evaluated .29 clear samples with nominal dimension of 2×4×36 cm selected and bending vibration in free-free beams and longitudinal vibration tests was performed on them. Results shows strong correlation between dynamic Young's modulus and acoustic coefficient measured with both Longitudinal vibration and flexural vibration method. Measuring damping factor values was significantly higher in flexural vibration compared to longitudinal vibration method, While the acoustic converting efficiency values from flexural vibration was smaller than values of this factor in longitudinal vibration method .There was good correlation between dynamic shear modulus of elasticity from flexural vibrations and dynamic modulus of elasticity in both methods, that it provides possibility of estimate the shear modulus of elasticity values according to dynamic Young's modulus of elasticity values from longitudinal vibration test.The results also indicated was a good correlation between the phase velocity in first to third modes from the bending vibration. In addition there was good correlation between sound velocity from longitudinal vibration and the phase velocity in first to third modes from the bending vibration

Investigation on the utilization of papolar clones grown on Short - rotation age (three years) for particleboard production

ه منظور ساخت تخته خرده چوب از گونه های مختلف صنوبر تولید شده در دوره سه ساله 17 کلن از گونه های مختلف در ایستگاه البرز کرج انتخاب شده و یک نمونه شاهد از گونه راش (جمعا 18 ترکیب) و از هر تیمار 4 تخته و در کل 72 نمونه آزمونی ساخته شده است. تاثیر گونه های مختلف صنوبر بر خواص فیزیکی و مکانیکی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. نتایج نشان می دهد که کلن Populus e. 561.41 در دوره سه ساله از حداکثر مقاومت خمشی بهره مند بوده است. کلن صنوبر Populus a.44.9 از مدول الاستیسیته بالائی برخوردار بوده است و مقاومت به چسبندگی داخلی در کلن صنوبر Populus a. nivea حداکثر بوده است.حداقل درصد جذب آب در تخته های آزمونی 2 و 44 ساعتی به ترتیب برای کلن Populus a.44.9 و Populus e. costanzo به دست آمده است. با در نظر گرفتن میزان خواص فیزیکی و مکانیکی گونه شاهد (راش) مشخص شده است که اکثر کلن های مختلف صنوبر دوره سه ساله از خواص کاربردی بالاتری نسبت به شاهد برخوردار می باشند. در دوره های کوتاه مدت سه ساله برای ساخت تخته خرده چوب کلنهای صنوبر Populusn.42.78 Populus a. nivea, Populus a .44.9, Populus e. 561. 41, Populus a. Populus trichocarpa, Populus e. costanzo Populus d. 69.55  که تخته ها آنها دارای حداکثر خواص کاربردی بوده اند، پیشنهاد می گردد