Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase (TdT) Inhibiti on of Cord Blood Derived B and T Cells Expansion

Purpose: Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase(TdT) is a DNA polymerase that is present in immature pre-B and pre-T cells. TdT inserts N-nucleotides to the V (D) J gene segment during rearrangements of genes, therefore, it plays a vital role in the development and variation of the immune system in vertebrates. Here we evaluated the relationship between cytokines like interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-7 (IL-7), and interleukin-15 (IL-15) and TdT expression in cord blood mononuclear cells and also effect of inhibition in the expansion of B and T cells derived from cord blood. Methodes: The cord blood mononuclear cells were cultured with different combination of cytokines for 21days, which they were harvested in definite days (7, 14 and 21) and evaluated by flow cytometry. Results: Our data indicated that TdT expression increased in cord blood mononuclear cells using immune cell key cytokines without being dependent on the type of cytokines. TdT inhibition reduced both the expansion of B and T cells derived from cord blood and also declined the apoptosis and proliferation. Considered together, TdT played an important role in the control of the expansion of B and T cells derived from cord blood. Conclusion: considered together, it was observed that TdT expression was increased by cytokines and TdT inhibition not only reduced B and Tcells derived from cord blood, but it also affected the rate of apoptosis and proliferation

Technological requirements for microwave ablation of adrenal masses

Microwave thermal ablation is under consideration for minimally invasive treatment of bilateral adrenal adenomas, symptomatic of Conn's syndrome. Currently available microwave technologies are ill-suited to precise ablation of small adrenal targets. We report on our preliminary computational and experimental efforts towards the design of microwave ablation systems for targeting adrenal masses. Broadband dielectric properties of ex vivo bovine adrenal glands were experimentally measured. Computer simulations demonstrated the feasibility of achieving precise ablation of adrenal lesions with 2.45 GHz systems. Experiments in ex vivo adrenal tissue using a water-cooled 2.45 GHz antenna illustrated the feasibility of heating 10-20 mm adrenal targets with 40 W power applied for 1 min. These preliminary results warrant further investigation and development of microwave technology for precise ablation of adrenal masses.The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Programme/ERC Grant Agreement BioElecPro n. 637780. We also acknowledge funding through the KSU Johnson Cancer Research Center and the support of COST Action TD1301 and BM1309 EMF-MED for the convened session.peer-reviewe

Technological requirements for microwave ablation of adrenal masses

Microwave thermal ablation is under consideration for minimally invasive treatment of bilateral adrenal adenomas, symptomatic of Conn\u27s syndrome. Currently available microwave technologies are ill-suited to precise ablation of small adrenal targets. We report on our preliminary computational and experimental efforts towards the design of microwave ablation systems for targeting adrenal masses. Broadband dielectric properties of ex vivo bovine adrenal glands were experimentally measured. Computer simulations demonstrated the feasibility of achieving precise ablation of adrenal lesions with 2.45 GHz systems. Experiments in ex vivo adrenal tissue using a water-cooled 2.45 GHz antenna illustrated the feasibility of heating 10-20 mm adrenal targets with 40 W power applied for 1 min. These preliminary results warrant further investigation and development of microwave technology for precise ablation of adrenal masses.The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union\u27s Horizon 2020 Programme/ERC Grant Agreement BioElecPro n. 637780. We also acknowledge funding through the KSU Johnson Cancer Research Center and the support of COST Action TD1301 and BM1309 EMF-MED for the convened session