Effects of Model-Based Iterative Reconstruction in Low-Dose Paranasal Computed Tomography: A Comparison with Filtered Back Projection and Hybrid Iterative Reconstruction

Iterative reconstruction (IR) improves image quality compared with filtered back projection (FBP). This study investigated the usefulness of model-based IR (forward-projected model-based iterative reconstruction solution [FIRST]) in comparison with FBP and hybrid IR (adaptive iterative dose reduction three-dimensional processing [AIDR 3D]) in low-dose paranasal CT. Twenty-four patients with paranasal sinusitis who underwent standard-dose CT (120 kV) and low-dose CT (100 kV) scanning before and after medical treatment were enrolled. Standard-dose CT scans were reconstructed with FBP (FBP120), and low-dose CT scans with FBP (FBP100), AIDR 3D, and FIRST. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) in three anatomical structures and effective doses were compared using Mann–Whitney U test. Two radiologists independently evaluated the visibility of 16 anatomical structures, overall image quality, and artifacts. Effective doses in lowdose CT were significantly reduced compared with those in standard-dose CT (0.24 vs 0.43 mSv, p<0.001). FIRST achieved significantly higher SNR (p<0.01, respectively) and CNR (p<0.001, respectively) of evaluated structures and significant improvement in overall image quality (p<0.001), artifacts (p<0.001), and visibility related to muscles (p<0.05) compared to FBP120, FBP100, and AIDR 3D. FIRST allowed radiation-dose reduction, while maintaining objective and subjective image quality in low-dose paranasal CT

Compact Location Encodings for Scalable Internet Routing

Abstract-The Internet is facing the double-challenge of accelerating growth of routing table size and ever higher reliability requirements. Considerable progress has been made toward the scalability and reliability of the Internet. However, most of the proposals are only partial solutions that address some of the challenges. In this paper, we present a new addressing encoding scheme and a corresponding forwarding mechanism for Internet routing to solve the aforementioned problems. Underlying our design is a succinct data structure that allows us to compactly embed a set of addresses into packet headers. At the same time, the structure allows the data plane to efficiently extract multiple address information for the same destination without decompression. We provide time and space complexity analysis, and present experimental results evaluating the performance of our encoding method. It shows that the proposed encoding method can achieve a good compression factor without degrading packet-forwarding performance

Identification of a tomato UDP-arabinosyltransferase for airborne volatile reception

植物間コミュニケーションの仕組みを解明 --受容した香りを防御物質に変える遺伝子発見--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2023-02-28.Volatiles from herbivore-infested plants function as a chemical warning of future herbivory for neighboring plants. (Z)-3-Hexenol emitted from tomato plants infested by common cutworms is taken up by uninfested plants and converted to (Z)-3-hexenyl β-vicianoside (HexVic). Here we show that a wild tomato species (Solanum pennellii) shows limited HexVic accumulation compared to a domesticated tomato species (Solanum lycopersicum) after (Z)-3-hexenol exposure. Common cutworms grow better on an introgression line containing an S. pennellii chromosome 11 segment that impairs HexVic accumulation, suggesting that (Z)-3-hexenol diglycosylation is involved in the defense of tomato against herbivory. We finally reveal that HexVic accumulation is genetically associated with a uridine diphosphate-glycosyltransferase (UGT) gene cluster that harbors UGT91R1 on chromosome 11. Biochemical and transgenic analyses of UGT91R1 show that it preferentially catalyzes (Z)-3-hexenyl β-D-glucopyranoside arabinosylation to produce HexVic in planta

Differences in Trocar Positioning within the Vertebral Body Using Two Different Positioning Methods: Effect on Trainee Performance

Purpose. To evaluate the educational effect of the Japanese Society of Interventional Radiology 7th Academic Summer Seminar from a technical perspective. Materials and Methods. Nineteen trainees participated in the seminar. The seminar consisted of vertebroplasty trainings using swine with the single-plane landmark method and with the ISOcenter Puncture (ISOP) method. All trainees were advised by an instructor as they operated the instruments and punctured the vertebra. For each trainee, the accuracy in the final position of the needle tip of the initial puncture in each swine training was evaluated. Results. Error in the final position of the needle tip of ≥5 mm from the target puncture site occurred in the lateral direction in 42% (8/19) of trainees with the landmark method and 5% (1/19) with the ISOP method. No error ≥5 mm occurred in the vertical or anteroposterior directions. In terms of puncture accuracy, error in the lateral direction was significantly lower with the ISOP method than with the landmark method (2.2 ± 1.5 mm versus 5.6 ± 3.2 mm). Conclusion. This seminar was effective training for trocar placement for beginners. The puncture was more accurate with the ISOP method than with the landmark method

インターネットにおけるQoS保証,QoSルーティングに関する研究

京都大学0048新制・論文博士博士(情報学)乙第10489号論情博第4号新制||情||4(附属図書館)UT51-2000-M72(主査)教授 池田 克夫, 教授 美濃 導彦, 教授 吉田 進学位規則第4条第2項該当Doctor of InformaticsKyoto UniversityDA