About the usefulness of contact precautions for carriers of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli

Extended-spectrum β-lactamases producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-E) are increasingly identified in health care facilities. As previously done for the control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, many hospitals have established screening strategies for early identification of patients being carriers of ESBL producers in general and ESBL-E in particular, and have implemented contact precautions (CP) for infected and colonized patients.Methods: The incidence of ESBL-E has been compared retrospectively between two French university hospitals (A and B) with different infection control policies over a 5-year long period of time (2006–2010).Results: While hospital A only implemented standard precautions after identification of patients colonized with ESBL-E, hospital B recommended additional CP. During the period of the study, the ESBL-E incidence rate significantly increased in both hospitals, but no significant difference was observed between the two hospitals.Conclusions: This observational study did not reveal that additional CP measures had a greater impact on the incidence of ESBL-E in hospital settings

Intérêt du test "Servitex MRSA" pour le dépistage de la résistance à la méticilline dans les pneumopathies nosocomiales à Staphylococcus aureus

PARIS6-Bibl. St Antoine CHU (751122104) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Use of ChromID Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Medium for Detecting Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae▿

ChromID extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) culture medium is routinely used for screening ESBL producers. This medium was tested for detecting carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates from a collection of reference strains and compared to the CHROMagar KPC culture medium previously evaluated for detecting KPC-producing isolates. Producers of IMP-, VIM-, and KPC-type carbapenemases with high levels of resistance to cephalosporins and to carbapenems were detected at 1 × 101 CFU/ml. The OXA-48 producers were not detected on ChromID ESBL medium unless coexpressing ESBLs, whereas carbapenemase-producing isolates with MICs of <4 μg/ml were not detected on CHROMagar KPC medium

Naturally Occurring Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporinases in Escherichia coli

Genetic and functional characterization of the cephalosporinases produced by 65 clonally unrelated clinical Escherichia coli isolates revealed genetic diversity of the ampC genes and showed that Gln287, Cys287, Pro296, Leu298, and Phe350 substitutions were involved in extension of the hydrolysis spectrum to include ceftazidime and cefepime

Integron-Encoded GES-Type Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase with Increased Activity toward Aztreonam in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain expresses an extended-spectrum β-lactamase, GES-9, which differs from GES-1 by a Gly243Ser substitution, is inhibited by clavulanic acid and imipenem, and hydrolyzes aztreonam. The bla(GES-9) gene was located inside a class 1 integron structure containing two copies of a novel insertion sequence belonging to the IS1111 family

Chromosome-Borne Class A BOR-1 β-Lactamase of Bordetella bronchiseptica and Bordetella parapertussis

A narrow-spectrum clavulanic acid-inhibited class A β-lactamase, BOR-1, was identified in a Bordetella bronchiseptica clinical isolate. It shared 45% amino acid identity with L-2 from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. An identical β-lactamase gene was found in B. bronchiseptica and Bordetella parapertussis reference strains that may contribute only in part to their resistance phenotype

Novel Chromogenic Medium for Detection of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis▿

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are becoming widespread worldwide, and the rapid identification of VRE carriers from surveillance cultures is crucial for the efficient control of their spread. We assessed a new selective chromogenic medium, chromID VRE (bioMérieux, France), that enhanced the isolation and presumptive identification of VRE directly from rectal swabs and reduced unnecessary confirmatory and time-consuming tests

Biochemical-Genetic Characterization of the Chromosomally Encoded Extended-Spectrum Class A β-Lactamase from Rahnella aquatilis

From whole-cell DNA of a clinical isolate of the enterobacterial species Rahnella aquatilis, a β-lactamase gene was cloned that encoded a chromosomally encoded Ambler class A enzyme, RAHN-1. RAHN-1, with a pI of 7.2, shares 76, 73, and 71% amino acid identity with the extended-spectrum β-lactamase of chromosomal origin from Serratia fonticola and with the plasmid-mediated β-lactamases CTX-M-2 and CTX-M-1, respectively. The hydrolysis spectrum of the clavulanic acid-inhibited RAHN-1 was expanded to cephalosporins such as cefuroxime, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone, but not to ceftazidime. Its expression was not inducible