The stability and stabilization of infinite dimensional Caputo-time fractional differential linear systems

We investigate the stability and stabilization concepts for infinite dimensional time fractional differential linear systems in Hilbert spaces with Caputo derivatives. Firstly, based on a family of operators generated by strongly continuous semigroups and on a probability density function, we provide sufficient and necessary conditions for the exponential stability of the considered class of systems. Then, by assuming that the system dynamics is symmetric and uniformly elliptic and by using the properties of the Mittag-Leffler function, we provide sufficient conditions that ensure strong stability. Finally, we characterize an explicit feedback control that guarantees the strong stabilization of a controlled Caputo time fractional linear system through a decomposition approach. Some examples are presented that illustrate the effectiveness of our results.publishe

Moringa Oleifera Leaves in Broiler Diets: Effect on Chicken Performance and Health

Moringa products have a wide range of applications in agricultural, industrial and pharmaceutical processes. Moringa leaves have a relatively high crude protein content which varies from 25% to 32%. A high proportion of this protein is potentially available for digestion due to a high proportion of pepsin soluble nitrogen (82-91 %) and low proportion (1-2%) of acid detergent insoluble protein.Determination of chemical composition was evaluated in Moringa Leaves then Five iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric experimental broiler diets were formulated as MOL0%, MOL5%, MOL10%, MOL15% and MOL20%, respectively and supplemented to broilers (10 chicks in each concentration) for 42 day. After 42nd day, chemical analysis of lipid profile(triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and vLDL), and haematological analysis(Hb, RBC, PCV, MCV, MCHC, Plt, MPV, PCT, PDW, WBC, LYM, MON, GRA) were recorded. Also tissue sampling from Bursa, Spleen, and Thymus were collected and preserved in 10 % formalin for histopathological examination. The obtained values were statistically analysed by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) The chemical composition was determined in Moringa oleifera leaves, were ash, crude fiber, crude lipids, crude protein, total sugars, reducing sugar and non-reducing sugars. The highest effect of supplementation of moringa oleifera poultry diets on body weight of broiler, were 2293, 2318 and 2391gm, of treatments (10, 15 and 20% of MOL), respectively. Also, the more effective treatment were 20% of MOL of blood biochemical, lipid profile (triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and vLDL) and haematological parameters (HB, RBCs, Plt and WBCs), comparing with normal diets, histopathology of Bursa, Thymus, and Spleen showed improvement and hyperactivity in 15% and 20% MOL. Therefore, it is recommended to add Moringa oleifera at 15% and 20% in broiler diets to improve performance and health. Keywords: Broiler, Diets, Performance, Moring

Herd Immunity against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in 10 Communities, Qatar.

We investigated what proportion of the population acquired severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and whether the herd immunity threshold has been reached in 10 communities in Qatar. The study included 4,970 participants during June 21-September 9, 2020. Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were detected by using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Seropositivity ranged from 54.9% (95% CI 50.2%-59.4%) to 83.8% (95% CI 79.1%-87.7%) across communities and showed a pooled mean of 66.1% (95% CI 61.5%-70.6%). A range of other epidemiologic measures indicated that active infection is rare, with limited if any sustainable infection transmission for clusters to occur. Only 5 infections were ever severe and 1 was critical in these young communities; infection severity rate of 0.2% (95% CI 0.1%-0.4%). Specific communities in Qatar have or nearly reached herd immunity for SARS-CoV-2 infection: 65%-70% of the population has been infected

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Enhancement of phenolics, flavonoids and glucosinolates of Broccoli (Brassica olaracea, var. Italica) as antioxidants in response to organic and bio-organic fertilizers

A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of organic and bioorganic fertilizers on growth parameters, yield and the quality of two broccoli cultivars (Calabrese and Southern star). Bio-organic fertilizers gave better results for all vegetative growth parameters for Southern star cultivar compared to Calabrese cultivar. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and total glucosinolates content (TGsC) were almost higher in Calabrese cultivar as a result of organic fertilizer treatment. The antioxidant activities of both cultivars were evaluated and Calabrese cultivar showed the higher1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl DPPH. scavenging activity expressed as IC50 (its concentrations for 50% inhibition) (16.56 μg/ml) compared to Southern star (19.42 μg/ml). In addition, Calabrese cultivar showed the higher chelating power (75.36 μg/ml) than Southern star (72.43 μg/ml) at (30 μg/ml) when the organic fertilizer was applied. The results indicated that there is a good margin for enhancing antioxidant compounds of broccoli for economic production using organic fertilization. This study indicated the potential application of broccoli as a potent natural source of antioxidants as nutraceuticals

Amelioration of the Protein Expression of Cox2, NFB, and STAT-3 by Some Antioxidants in the Liver of Sodium Fluoride–Intoxicated Rats

The present study aimed to explore the efficiency of N-acetyl cysteine (NACC) or thymoquinone (TMQ) alone or in combination in the downregulation of inflammatory molecule expression and decreasing hepatic injury in response to sodium fluoride (SF). Sodium fluoride upregulated serum alanine and aspartate transferases activities, tumor necrosis factor α and hepatic malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels, and the expression of cyclooxygenase 2, nuclear factor κB cell, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. In contrast, hepatic glutathione level, superoxide dismutase activity, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 expression were decreased. However, the concurrent treatment with antioxidants, alone or in combination, modulated the levels of these parameters. Histopathological examination revealed that SF treatment resulted in focal areas of massive hepatic degeneration and many degenerated hepatocytes, whereas the treatment with TMQ or NACC exhibited moderate improvement in cellular degeneration of the liver with many abnormal cells. Rats receiving a combination of TMQ and NACC showed marked improvement in cellular degeneration of liver with apparently normal hepatic architecture with very few degenerated hepatocytes. The results also revealed that the combination of TMQ and NACC is the most effective regimen in ameliorating SF toxicity, suggesting their efficacy against the toxicity of fluoride compounds. Their activities might be mediated via multiple molecular pathways

Role of N-Acetylcysteine and Coenzyme Q10 in the Amelioration of Myocardial Energy Expenditure and Oxidative Stress, Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride Intoxication in Rats

This study is designed to evaluate the potential impact of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) each alone or in combination against carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 )-induced cardiac damage in rats. Animals were treated with CCl 4 in single intraperitoneal dose of 1 mL/Kg body weight; CCl 4 -intoxicated animals were pretreated with 20 mg/kg/d NAC or pretreated with 200 mg/kg/d CoQ10 or NAC and CoQ10 with the same previously mentioned doses. Carbon tetrachloride–intoxicated rats showed a significant elevation in nitric oxide and lipid peroxides and downregulation in reduced glutathione level and calcium adenosine triphosphatase. Cardiac glycolytic enzymes levels such as lactate dehydrogenase, phosphofructokinase, and hexokinase were declined coupled with a reduction in glucose content after CCl 4 treatment. Moreover, myocardial hydroxyproline level was significantly increased after CCl 4 -treatment indicating accumulation of interstitial collagen. N-acetyl cysteine and/or CoQ10 effectively alleviated the disturbances in myocardial oxidative stress and antioxidant markers. These antioxidants effectively upregulated the reduction in cardiac energetic biomarkers due to CCl 4 treatment. N-acetyl cysteine and/or CoQ10 significantly decreased hydroxyproline level compared to that of CCl 4 -treated rats. The current data showed that the aforementioned antioxidants have a remarkable cardioprotective effect, suggesting that they may be useful as prophylactic agents against the detrimental effects of cardiotoxins

Arctium lappa Root Extract Prevents Lead-Induced Liver Injury by Attenuating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation, and Activating Akt/GSK-3β Signaling

Arctium lappa L. (A. lappa) is a popular medicinal plant with promising hepatoprotective activity. This study investigated the protective effect of A. lappa root extract (ALRE) on lead (Pb) hepatotoxicity, pointing to its ability to modulate oxidative stress, inflammation, and protein kinase B/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β signaling. Rats received 50 mg/kg lead acetate (Pb(Ac)2) and 200 mg/kg ALRE or vitamin C (Vit. C) for 7 days, and blood and liver samples were collected. Pb(Ac)2 provoked hepatotoxicity manifested by elevated serum transaminases and lactate dehydrogenase, and decreased total protein. Histopathological alterations, including distorted lobular hepatic architecture, microsteatotic changes, congestion, and massive necrosis were observed in Pb(II)-induced rats. ALRE ameliorated liver function and prevented all histological alterations. Pb(II) increased hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO), caspase-3, and DNA fragmentation, and serum C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β. Cellular antioxidants, and Akt and GSK-3β phosphorylation levels were decreased in the liver of Pb(II)-induced rats. ALRE ameliorated LPO, NO, caspase-3, DNA fragmentation and inflammatory mediators, and boosted antioxidant defenses in Pb(II)-induced rats. In addition, ALRE activated Akt and inhibited GSK-3β in the liver of Pb(II)-induced rats. In conclusion, ALRE inhibits liver injury in Pb(II)-intoxicated rats by attenuating oxidative injury and inflammation, and activation of Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway