YouTube Atherectomy Videos: What Industry is Telling Us About this Endovascular Procedure

BACKGROUND: Patients are turning to the Internet and YouTube for information about their providers, disease states and potential interventions. Endovascular atherectomy is a common procedure undertaken in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease especially in outpatient treatment centers despite its cost. Little is known how this procedure is portrayed in online video content. We set forth to search YouTube to gain insight to how industry and non-industry portrays this endovascular technology. METHODS: YouTube (www.youtube.com) website was accessed in July 2017 with a cleared cached web browser for the key search word “atherectomy”. The top 100 videos with greater than 100 views were examined. All results were separated into two categories - industry (I) or non-industry (NI) sources. The duration of video, age of video, total video views, academic information, cost information and if outpatient treatment center focused care were also collected. RESULTS: A total of 100 videos were examined. The videos were separated into two groups: Industry (n=20) and Non-Industry (n=80). Videos from Industry and Non-Industry were similar in content in terms of duration (4.8 ± 4.5 and 5.6 ± 4.4 minutes), creation time (3.3 ± 2.2 and 3.4 ± 1.9 years), and total views (7386 ± 14,593 and 5560 ± 13,181). Proportions of videos from each group that contained educational content were also similar (70% and 70%). However, only 7% (n=7) of the videos reference the procedure being linked to care in outpatient treatment center. Only 3% (n=3) mentioned the cost of the procedure. All of these videos from each of these categories were from non-industry sources. Conclusion: In our sampling of “Atherectomy” YouTube videos, we find similar video content in terms of duration, creation time, total views and educational content. Interestingly, the cost and its association with outpatient treatment labs is mentioned in only a minority of the videos and only from non-industry sources. These data should inform the vascular surgery community the lack of public understanding of this endovascular technology as evidenced in YouTube videos

Rayleigh Light Scattering Measurements of Transient Gas Temperature in a Rapid Chemical Vapor Deposition Reactor

A laser-induced Rayleigh light scattering (RLS) system was used to measure transient gas temperatures in a simulated rapid chemical vapor deposition (RCVD) Introduction Manufacture of integrated circuits on silicon substrate wafers is an area of substantial research and development. The integrated circuit is made by a series of chemical reaction, photolithography, and etching processes to create and modify thin film layers. These layers form resistors, wires, capacitors, and insulators required to create the desired circuitry. The silicon substrate wafer is about eight inches in diameter, and hundreds of IC chips are manufactured in parallel on this surface. Thin films of silicon are deposited by a temperature-dependent reaction called chemical vapor deposition ͑CVD͒. Traditionally, many wafers are processed simultaneously in quasi-steady state CVD reactors. However, increasing complexity of semiconductor design and higher quality results of single wafer processing has shifted the focus of microchip fabrication from conventional furnace processing to rapid thermal processing, including rapid chemical vapor deposition ͑RCVD͒ ͓͑1͔͒. A typical RCVD process consists of starting a flow of silicon laden carrier gas which transports reactants to substrate wafer surface. Then radiative heating is initiated, ramping the wafer to high temperature to initiate the reaction that causes silicon to atomistically deposit on the wafer surface. The temperature is maintained for a limited period before cooling. Film quality depends on the steady and laminar supply of silicon-laden carrier gas to the wafer surface. Because the reaction is strongly temperature dependent, the carrier gas temperature is a critical parameter. While a large body of numerical work examines carrier gas in the CVD process, the accuracy of the numerical results detailing isotherms and flow lines is largely unknown and untested, and very little numerical work examines RCVD. A good summary of rapid thermal processing technology is found in Fair ͓2͔. The present work presents transient gas temperature measurements in a simulated RCVD chamber. The reactor geometry is that of an axisymmetric jet impinging on a wafer surface, and is illustrated i

Solution of the End Problem of a Liquid-Filled Cylindrical Acoustic Waveguide Using a Biorthogonality Principle

This paper treats the forced motion of an isothermal, Newtonian liquid in a sem

Development of a Forecasting Compensatory Control System for Cylindrical Grinding

A forecasting compensatory control (FCC

Slice Thickness in the Assessment of Medial and Lateral Tibial Cartilage Volume and Accuracy for the Measurement of Change in a Longitudinal Study

P e r s o n a l n o n -c o m m e r c i a l u s e o n l y . T h e J o u r n a l o f R h e u m a t o l o g y . C o p y r i g h t © 2 0 0 4 . A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d ABSTRACT. Objective. The optimal magnetic resonance image (MRI) slice thickness required to assess cartilage volume accurately and efficiently in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies is unknown. We compared cartilage volume measured from MRI of the knees using different slice thicknesses (1.5 to 7.5 mm) and assessed longitudinal change. Methods. A total of 123 subjects with osteoarthritis had baseline and followup MRI on their symptomatic knee at 2 years. Medial and lateral tibial cartilage volumes were calculated using increasing slice thickness by extracting each second, third, fourth, or fifth slice area to calculate total volume, which was compared to the "gold standard" volume calculated from the original 1.5 mm slices. Results. There was little difference in the average medial and lateral tibial cartilage volume observed as the slice thickness increased from 1.5 to 7.5 mm; medial tibial cartilage volume ranged from 1750 µl to 1787 µl and lateral tibial cartilage volume ranged from 1949 µl to 2007 µl. There was also little absolute difference in the average change in medial and lateral tibial cartilage volume measured over 2 years. However, with increasing slice thickness, there was a decreased correlation between the tibial cartilage volume change calculated from the increased slice thickness, with the lowest correlation being 0.77 (p < 0.001) when the lateral cartilage volume calculated from the 7.5 mm slice was compared to the 1.5 mm slices. Conclusion. Increasing slice thickness may provide sufficiently accurate measurement of tibial cartilage volume and change over time in some studies. This would result in reduction in MRI scanning and postimaging processing time, which has the potential of increasing the feasibility of this technique. (J Rheumatol 2004;31:2444-8

Modeling the effects of including/excluding attributes in choice experiments on systematic and random components

Train on an earlier draft of this paper. 2 Modeling the Effects of Including/Excluding Attributes in Choice Experiments on Systematic and Random Components Abstract This paper examines the impact of attribute presence/absence in choice experiments using covariance heterogeneity models and random coefficient models. Results show that attribute presence/absence impacts both mean utility (systematic components) and choice variability (random components). Biased mean effects can occur by not accounting for choice variability. Further, even if one accounts for choice variability, attribute effects can differ because of attribute presence/absence. Managers who use choice experiments to study product changes or new variants should be cautious about excluding potentially essential attributes. Although including more relevant attributes increases choice variability, it also reduces bias