Territoires scolaires, incivilités dans les lycées et normativités adolescentes

À partir d’un prisme associant la psychologie sociale environnementale et la psychologie du développement, nous proposons une lecture psychosociale de l’inscription de l’adolescent dans le lycée comme espace majeur de sa vie quotidienne. Grâce à l’étude des représentations des incivilités rencontrées dans le lycée (étude sur 842 élèves fréquentant des lycées sociologiquement contrastés), on a mis en évidence une normativité adolescente différente de celle des adultes, pour autant, on n’observe aucune banalisation des comportements incivils. De plus, pour les jeunes, une incivilité environnementale, c’est-à-dire une trace négative dans l’espace, est moins excusable qu’une incivilité envers autrui. Nos résultats ont également mis au jour une plus grande normativité des élèves de milieu défavorisé : les jeunes les plus défavorisés jugent les incivilités, c’est-à-dire les manquements à la norme, comme moins excusables que les autres. Globalement, enfin, il ressort de cette recherche que les adolescents identifient parfaitement les usages en vigueur et les normes « dominantes », tout en s’en distanciant.Based on a prism combining Social Environmental Psychology and Developmental Psychology, we propose a psychosocial view of the adolescent’s place in secondary school as a major area of his everyday life. From a study of the representations of anti-social school behavior (using a sample of 842 pupils from socially contrasted secondary schools), we showed that an adolescent normativity exists, different to that of adults, but the antisocial behavior was not trivialized. In addition, for the pupils environmental anti-social behavior was less excusable than anti-social behavior towards another person. Our results also pointed out a more pronounced underprivileged pupil normatively: they assess anti-social behavior–that is the breaches of the norm–as less excusable than the other pupils. Overall, we showed that adolescents accurately identified the behavior in use and the “dominant” norms, whilst at the same time distancing themselves from them

The green halo: Mechanisms and limits of the eco-label effect

Consumers believe that “eco-labeled” products taste better, which, at least in part, may be an effect of the label. The purpose of the current series of experiments was to examine some mechanisms and limits of this eco-label effect. In Experiment 1, an eco-label effect of similar magnitude was found for taste ratings of both conventional and organic bananas. Experiment 2 showed eco-label effects for a wider range of judgmental dimensions (i.e., health, calories, vitamins/minerals, mental performance, and willingness to pay) and the effect was about the same in magnitude for judgments of grapes and raisins. Experiment 3, with water as the tasted product, found no eco-label effect on judgments of taste, calories and vitamins/minerals, but an effect on willingness to pay, judgments of health benefits and judgments of mental performance benefits. Experiments 2 and 3 also included questionnaires on social desirability traits, schizotypal traits and pro-environmental consumer traits. The last was the strongest predictor of the eco-label effect amongst the three. In all, the eco-label effect is a robust phenomenon, but depends on interactions between product type and judgmental dimension. Implications for several accounts of the effect are discussed

Urban space and the social control of incivilities: perceptions of space influencing the regulationof anti-social behaviour

Contemporary cities are increasingly governed through space. In this article,we examine how urban space and perceptions thereof can influence the social control inthe area of incivilities. To this end, we first inspect the existing literature, in particularthe socio-spatial studies that emphasise the importance of culture and values in theinteraction with social control. Partly drawing on examples from our previous studies,we suggest that people’s perceptions of urban space (influenced by cultural symbols,social and media representations, aesthetics and other values) affect their perceptions ofincivilities, while the latter often determine or at least importantly contribute to theshaping of the social control of incivilities. We further highlight the role of gentrifica-tion as a medium and a tool of social control. The paper concludes by discussingimplications of this for the possible future, more integrated and interdisciplinaryresearch on the social control of incivilities in the city

Effet des représentations et des conditions d’activités sur l’épuisement professionnel des policiers français dans un contexte de réformes

International audienceThe purpose of this article is (1) to test the hypothesis of the primacy of subjective factors (professional representations) compared to objective factors of activity (ratio of police to population and ratio of police to reported offences) and sociobiographic factors (age and seniority), in the determination of the professional exhaustion expressed by French policemen in the current context of administrative reforms. A determination of professional representations and professional exhaustion by the status of the policemen are also advanced (2). The empirical study (N=143) confirmed these expectations and allowed to engage a psychosocial analysis concerning identity issues connected to professional representations within the framework of politics of prevention of the police professional exhaustion.Le but de cet article est (1) d’éprouver l’hypothèse du primat de facteurs subjectifs (représentations professionnelles) par rapport à des facteurs objectifs relatifs aux conditions d’activité (taux d’encadrement par habitant et par délits constatés) et sociobiographiques (âge et ancienneté professionnelle), dans la détermination de l’épuisement professionnel exprimé par des policiers français dans le contexte actuel des réformes administratives. Il est également avancé (2) une détermination des représentations professionnelles et épuisement professionnel par les insertions statutaires des policiers. L’étude empirique (N=143) a validé ces attentes et a permis d’engager une analyse psychosociale des enjeux identitaires liés aux représentations professionnelles dans le cadre d’une politique de prévention de l’épuisement professionnel policier

The Dynamics of Sociospatial Identity: Comparing Adolescents and Young Adults in Two French Regions

International audienc