Histopathologic analysis of mandibular first molar tooth regions from rats administered with whey bioconversion products (WBPs) and their effects on periodontitis.

LP-YK1 WBP: Administration of WBPs produced by L. plantarum SMFM2017-YK1 after inducing periodontitis, LF-NK1 WBP: Administration of WBPs by L. fermentum SMFM2017-NK1 after inducing periodontitis. Arrow: inflammatory cell infiltration, Head of arrow: epidermal hyperplasia.</p

Relative expression of inflammatory cytokines in gingival tissue after treatment with fermented whey bioconversion products (WBPs) for 8 weeks.

(a) TNF-α (b) IL-1β (c) IL-6 (d) IL-10. Normal; Administration of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) without inducing periodontitis, Control; Administration of PBS after inducing periodontitis, LP-YK1 WBP; Administration of WBPs by L. plantarum SMFM2017-YK1 after inducing periodontitis, LF-NK1 WBP; Administration of WBPs by L. fermentum SMFM2017-NK1 after inducing periodontitis. *Statistically significant, compared to control group by pairwise Student’s t-test (p < 0.05).</p

Primer sequences of inflammatory and oxidative stress-related cytokines used for quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).

Primer sequences of inflammatory and oxidative stress-related cytokines used for quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).</p

Analysis of protein levels of inflammatory cytokines in gingival tissue after treatment with fermented whey bioconversion products (WBPs) for 8 weeks.

(a) TNF-α (b) IL-6. Normal: Administration of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) without inducing periodontitis, Control: Administration of PBS after inducing periodontitis, LP-YK1 WBP: Administration of WBPs by L. plantarum SMFM2017-YK1 after inducing periodontitis, LF-NK1 WBP: Administration of WBPs by L. fermentum SMFM2017-NK1 after inducing periodontitis. *Statistically significant, compared to control group by pairwise Student’s t-test (p < 0.05).</p

Relative expression of oxidative stress cytokines in gingival tissue after treatment of fermented whey bioconversion products (WBPs) for 8 weeks.

(a) Gpx1 (b) Sod1 (c) Cat. Normal: Administration of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) without inducing periodontitis, Control: Administration of PBS after inducing periodontitis, LP-YK1 WBP: Administration of whey bioconversion product by L. plantarum SMFM2017-YK1 after inducing periodontitis, LF-NK1 WBP: Administration of whey bioconversion product by L. fermentum SMFM2017-NK1 after inducing periodontitis. *Statistically significant, compared to control group by pairwise Student’s t-test (p < 0.05).</p

Sizes (mean ± standard deviation; mm) of clear zones formed by seven whey bioconversion products against periodontal pathogens.

Sizes (mean ± standard deviation; mm) of clear zones formed by seven whey bioconversion products against periodontal pathogens.</p

Viability of HT-29 cells treated with whey bioconversion products (WBPs) (OD₅₄₀).

LF-CK1 WBP: WBP prepared with L. fermentum SMFM2017-CK1, LP-NK2 WBP: WBP prepared with L. plantarum SMFM2017-NK2, PP-NK1 WBP: WBP prepared with P. pentosaceus SMFM2017-NK1, LP-NK1 WBP: WBP prepared with L. plantarum SMFM2017-NK1, LPP-YK1 WBP: WBP prepared with L. paraplantarum SMFM2017-YK1, LP-YK1 WBP: WBP prepared with L, plantarum SMFM2017-YK1, LF-NK1 WBP: WBP prepared with L. fermentum SMFM2017-NK1.</p

Additional file 1: of A train the trainer program for healthcare professionals tasked with providing psychosocial support to breast cancer survivors

Needs assessment for breast cancer survivors. Questions used for needs assessment of breast cancer survivors. (DOCX 26 kb

Leveraging Gas-Phase Fragmentation Pathways for Improved Identification and Selective Detection of Targets Modified by Covalent Probes

The recent approval of covalent inhibitors for multiple clinical indications has reignited enthusiasm for this class of drugs. As interest in covalent drugs has increased, so too has the need for analytical platforms that can leverage their mechanism-of-action to characterize modified protein targets. Here we describe novel gas phase dissociation pathways which yield predictable fragment ions during MS/MS of inhibitor-modified peptides. We find that these dissociation pathways are common to numerous cysteine-directed probes as well as the covalent drugs, Ibrutinib and Neratinib. We leverage the predictable nature of these fragment ions to improve the confidence of peptide sequence assignment in proteomic analyses and explore their potential use in selective mass spectrometry-based assays