Bioresources for Third-Generation Biofuels

Modern societies’ welfare relies greatly on fossil fuels. The current energy model, based on the extensive utilization of fossil fuels, is affected by economic and environmental problems. The United States Department of Energy 2009 report estimates that, within the next two decades, global energy consumption will double (Conti, 2009). On the other hand, the European Commission 2009 report indicates that the management of climate change problems in Europe, since 2000, has been globally unfavourable. Nevertheless, there are some positive signs, such as the 1.4% reduction in 2007 of CO2 emissions with respect to the figures obtained from 2000 to 2004 in the European Union of Fifteen (E-15). However, considering the 27 European states (E-27), and paying attention to the consumption and production of renewable energy and biofuels, the reduction in emissions has not fulfilled the European Union objectives. Among the motives of this negative evaluation, the fall in the companies’ productivity, increased transport and industry emissions and the reduction in research and development areas can be cited (Radermacher, 2009). First- and secondgeneration biofuels could ameliorate or solve the associated fossil fuel depletion problems, although their recent implantation has raised some doubts. The main problems associated with biofuels are the food vs. fuel controversy; the agricultural and forestry land usage and the actual sustainability of biofuels’ production. Third-generation biofuels, based on the microbiological processing of agricultural, urban and industrial residues, could be a possible solution. However, several technical problems must be solved to make them economically viable and easily affordable for the industry (Robles-Medina et al., 2009).We thank the Junta de Andalucía (Spain) for funding this study through project reference P08-RNM-04180 and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology for funding through project reference CTM2009-09270. M. Manzanera received grants from the Programa Ramón y Cajal, (Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia MEC, Spain, and ERDF, European Union)

Advancements in long-read genome sequencing technologies and algorithms

The recent advent of long read sequencing technologies, such as Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) and Oxford Nanopore technology (ONT), have led to substantial improvements in accuracy and computational cost in sequencing genomes. However, de novo whole-genome assembly still presents significant challenges related to the quality of the results. Pursuing de novo whole-genome assembly remains a formidable challenge, underscored by intricate considerations surrounding computational demands and result quality. As sequencing accuracy and throughput steadily advance, a continuous stream of innovative assembly tools floods the field. Navigating this dynamic landscape necessitates a reasonable choice of sequencing platform, depth, and assembly tools to orchestrate high-quality genome reconstructions. This comprehensive review delves into the intricate interplay between cutting-edge long read sequencing technologies, assembly methodologies, and the ever-evolving field of genomics. With a focus on addressing the pivotal challenges and harnessing the opportunities presented by these advancements, we provide an in-depth exploration of the crucial factors influencing the selection of optimal strategies for achieving robust and insightful genome assemblies.Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBU

Comparing assembly strategies for third-generation sequencing technologies across different genomes

The recent advent of long-read sequencing technologies, such as Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) and Oxford Nanopore technology (ONT), has led to substantial accuracy and computational cost improvements. However, de novo whole-genome assembly still presents significant challenges related to the computational cost and the quality of the results. Accordingly, sequencing accuracy and throughput continue to improve, and many tools are constantly emerging. Therefore, selecting the correct sequencing platform, the proper sequencing depth and the assembly tools are necessary to perform high-quality assembly. This paper evaluates the primary assembly reconstruction from recent hybrid and non-hybrid pipelines on different genomes. We find that using PacBio high-fidelity long-read (HiFi) plays an essential role in haplotype construction with respect to ONT reads. However, we observe a substantial improvement in the correctness of the assembly from high-fidelity ONT datasets and combining it with HiFi or short-reads.This work has been partially supported by the Spanish MINECO PID2019-105396RB-I00, Junta de Andalucia JA2018 P18-FR-3433, and UMA18-FEDERJA-197 projects. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga/CBUA.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Comparing assembly strategies for third-generation sequencing technologies across different genomes

The recent advent of long-read sequencing technologies, such as Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) and Oxford Nanopore technology (ONT), has led to substantial accuracy and computational cost improvements. However, de novo whole-genome assembly still presents significant challenges related to the computational cost and the quality of the results. Accordingly, sequencing accuracy and throughput continue to improve, and many tools are constantly emerging. Therefore, selecting the correct sequencing platform, the proper sequencing depth and the assembly tools are necessary to perform high-quality assembly. This paper evaluates the primary assembly reconstruction from recent hybrid and non-hybrid pipelines on different genomes. We find that using PacBio high-fidelity long-read (HiFi) plays an essential role in haplotype construction with respect to ONT reads. However, we observe a substantial improvement in the correctness of the assembly from high-fidelity ONT datasets and combining it with HiFi or short-reads.Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBU

Fundamentos de regulación automática

Este libro representa un cariñoso tributo al profesor Dr. D. Rafael González López que sus compañeros y discípulos los profesores D. Daniel Espinosa, D. M. Angel Fernández y D. Eduardo Romero brindan mediante la recopilación y puesta al día en este nuevo formato electrónico de muchos de los apuntes que él mismo creó para la primitiva asignatura de “Servosistemas”, y posteriormente “Fundamentos de Regulación Automática” de la Titulación de Ingeniería Técnica Industrial en Electrónica Industrial de la Escuela Superior de Ingeniería de Cádiz. El contenido del libro repasa los temas básicos de los sistemas de control, haciendo una introducción inicial de conceptos en el primer capítulo. Posteriormente el capítulo 2 y 3 tratan la transformada de Laplace y Algebra de bloques como herramientas de manejo y diseño. Los capítulos siguientes se dedican a la exposición del régimen transitorio y permanente de los servosistemas, el lugar de las raíces y su compensación. Los capítulos 8 y 9 se encargan de la somera descripción del dominio de la frecuencia. Esto supone un conocimiento necesario básico para trabajar con servosistemas. La última parte del libro trata descripción interna, haciendo hincapié en el análisis de estabilidad y el diseño. Posteriormente a este bloque se han anexado un par de capítulos: El capítulo 13 sobre simulación y un último capítulo 14 que introduce los sistemas no lineales. El libro utiliza una sencilla estructuración y presentación con numerosas figuras y ejemplos. La realización y revisión del manuscrito ha sido llevada a cabo por el profesor D. Daniel Espinosa en conjunción con el profesor Dr. D. Rafael González. También incluye una nueva generación de figuras y gráficos (a partir de MATLAB y POWERPOINT) por parte del profesor M. Ángel Fernández, que facilitará el uso del libro a los alumnos de asignaturas de Regulación Automática de Escuelas Técnicas

Asimov: programa de robótica Tecnoparque Rionegro

El libro describe el programa de robótica ASIMOV del Tecnoparque nodo Rionegro, subs objetivos, antecedentes, metodología, eventos, infraestructura y talento humanoThe book describes the robotics program ASIMOV of the Tecnoparque node Rionegro, subs objectives, background, methodology, events, infrastructure and human talentPrograma de Robótica “Asimov” Antecedentes y contexto -- Qué es el programa ASIMOV? -- bjetivos -- Portafolio -- Metodología -- Público objetivo -- Infraestructura y Talento humano -- Transferencias de conocimientos -- Cómo hacer robótica sin robots -- La Robótica educativa en el mundo -- Avances tecnológicos en Robóticana32 página

Incidence of harmonic in asynchronous three-phase motors

AbstractThe objective of this work is to analyze the incidence of the time superior harmonics over the characteristics of a motor behavior. For this purpose, a computer program in Matlab was made, and it was possible, for different voltage supply waves, by the Fourier Series Analysis, to find the incidence of each harmonic over the motor parameters. Besides this, the machine general behavior can be obtained when all the harmonics of the highest order are present applying the superposition method. The importance of this work is focusing firstly on the possibility to simulate the effect of each harmonic that is present in the wave that is analyzed over the motor behavior. In second term, from the didactic point of view because it allows to compare the machine characteristics over the influence of the different time harmonics

Caracterización de la epilepsia de inicio en el adulto mayor

An observational descriptive cross-sectional study was performed  where the methods of descriptive statistics were used. The aim was to characterize the onset epilepsy in the elderly in clinical-surgical hospital in Villa Clara province. In the study predominant age was a group of 75-79 years, particularly males and white, simple partial secondarily generalized seizures were the most frequent, focal paroxysms were the most important finding in the electroencephalogram (EEG), and the symptomatic etiology  prevailed over the cryptogenic etiology. Cerebrovascular disease was the main cause identified.Se realizó un estudio observacional de tipo descriptivo transversal en el que se emplearon los métodos de la estadística descriptiva. El objetivo fue caracterizar la epilepsia de inicio en el adulto mayor en el Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico “Arnaldo Milián Castro” de la Cuidad de Santa Clara, Provincia de Villa Clara. En el estudio predominó el grupo de edad de 75-79 años, se destacaron el sexo masculino y la raza blanca, las crisis epilépticas parciales simples secundariamente generalizadas fueron las más frecuentes, los paroxismos focales constituyeron el hallazgo más relevante en el electroencefalograma, la etiología sintomática prevaleció sobre la criptogénica y la enfermedad cerebrovascular constituyó la principal causa identificada

Hacia los 120 años. Prevalencia de factores de riesgo de enfermedad cerebrovascular después de 65 años de edad

One of the proposed goals in the Cuban Health Care System is that the Cuban population could reach a life span of 120 years with the best standard of living. With the aim of diminishing the incidence of cerebrovascular disease, which is one of the illnesses of greatest impact in geriatric patients, and knowing its risk factors, we carried out this transversal-descriptive study. The universe of the study was formed by the whole population above 65 years of age in the municipality of Santa Clara in 2006. The sample was formed by 2 972 patients, that were submitted to a general survey about vascular risk factors according to the International Classification of cerebrovascular diseases. The predominant age group in both sexes was 80 to 84 years old. High blood pressure had an incidence of 441 per 1 000 inhabitants and 838 suffered from cardiac diseases for a prevalence of 281 per 1 000 inhabitants as well. Cerebrovascular diseases presented an incidence of 159 per 1 000 inhabitants. Concerning smoking habits the incidence was 169 per 1 000 inhabitantsUna de las metas de la salud pública cubana es lograr que nuestra población alcance los 120 años de edad con la mejor calidad de vida posible. Con el objetivo de disminuir la incidencia de una de las enfermedades que más afectan al paciente geriátrico, las cerebrovasculares, y conociendo sus factores de riesgo, realizamos este estudio descriptivo de corte transversal; el universo estuvo constituido por la totalidad de la población mayor de 65 años del municipio Santa Clara en el año 2006, de la cual se obtuvo una muestra de 2 972 pacientes a los que se les aplicó una encuesta sobre los factores de riesgo vasculares según la clasificación internacional de enfermedades cerebrovasculares, el grupo de edad predominante en ambos sexos fue el de 80-84 años, la hipertensión arterial tuvo una prevalencia de 441 por 1 000 habitantes, padecían enfermedades cardíacas 838 personas (281 por 1 000 habitantes), las cerebrovasculares tuvieron una prevalencia de 159 por 1 000 habitantes y el hábito de fumar de 169 por 1 000 habitantes