Systemic Mycobacteriosis Caused by Mycobacterium marinum in Farmed Meagre (Argyrosomus regius), in Turkey

This paper describes systemic mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium marinum, in farmed meager (Argyrosomus regius), in Turkey. Infected two year old fish showed signs of stunted growth, emaciation, slight ascites and exophtalmia, pale gills and significant mortalities. Only one fish sample showed hemorrhagic ulcerative skin lesions at the base of the caudal fin. Internal multifocal white colored granulomas in the spleen, kidney, and liver were observed. Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) and Gram stained fresh squash mounts of the granulomas revealed Gram and ZN positive rods. Inoculation of sterile homogenates of the visceral organ granulomas on Lowenstein-Jensen slants produced slow-growing (3-4 weeks), yellow to orange colored, photochromogenic acid fast colonies. ZN positive bacterial isolates were identified using commercially available line probe assays (Genotype Mycobacterium CM/AS assay) and hsp65 gene sequencing analyses. According to molecular analysis results, the isolates were identified as Mycobacterium marinum. Epithelioid cell granulomas were microscopically observed in the visceral organs and gills. ZN stained tissue sections exhibited heavy acid-fast rods within the granulomas

Treatments for people who use anabolic androgenic steroids: a scoping review.

BACKGROUND: A growing body of evidence suggests that anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are used globally by a diverse population with varying motivations. Evidence has increased greatly in recent years to support understanding of this form of substance use and the associated health harms, but there remains little evidence regarding interventions to support cessation and treat the consequences of use. In this scoping review, we identify and describe what is known about interventions that aim to support and achieve cessation of AAS, and treat and prevent associated health problems. METHODS: A comprehensive search strategy was developed in four bibliographic databases, supported by an iterative citation searching process to identify eligible studies. Studies of any psychological or medical treatment interventions delivered in response to non-prescribed use of AAS or an associated harm in any setting were eligible. RESULTS: In total, 109 eligible studies were identified, which included case reports representing a diverse range of disciplines and sources. Studies predominantly focussed on treatments for harms associated with AAS use, with scant evidence on interventions to support cessation of AAS use or responding to dependence. The types of conditions requiring treatment included psychiatric, neuroendocrine, hepatic, kidney, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal and infectious. There was limited evidence of engagement with users or delivery of psychosocial interventions as part of treatment for any condition, and of harm reduction interventions initiated alongside, or following, treatment. Findings were limited throughout by the case report study designs and limited information was provided. CONCLUSION: This scoping review indicates that while a range of case reports describe treatments provided to AAS users, there is scarce evidence on treating dependence, managing withdrawal, or initiating behaviour change in users in any settings. Evidence is urgently required to support the development of effective services for users and of evidence-based guidance and interventions to respond to users in a range of healthcare settings. More consistent reporting in articles of whether engagement or assessment relating to AAS was initiated, and publication within broader health- or drug-related journals, will support development of the evidence base

Systemic Mycobacteriosis Caused by Mycobacterium marinum in Farmed Meagre (Argyrosomus regius), in Turkey

This paper describes systemic mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium marinum, in farmed meager (Argyrosomus regius), in Turkey. Infected two year old fish showed signs of stunted growth, emaciation, slight ascites and exophtalmia, pale gills and significant mortalities. Only one fish sample showed hemorrhagic ulcerative skin lesions at the base of the caudal fin. Internal multifocal white colored granulomas in the spleen, kidney, and liver were observed. Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) and Gram stained fresh squash mounts of the granulomas revealed Gram and ZN positive rods. Inoculation of sterile homogenates of the visceral organ granulomas on Lowenstein-Jensen slants produced slow-growing (3-4 weeks), yellow to orange colored, photochromogenic acid fast colonies. ZN positive bacterial isolates were identified using commercially available line probe assays (Genotype Mycobacterium CM/AS assay) and hsp65 gene sequencing analyses. According to molecular analysis results, the isolates were identified as Mycobacterium marinum. Epithelioid cell granulomas were microscopically observed in the visceral organs and gills. ZN stained tissue sections exhibited heavy acid-fast rods within the granulomas

Panton-valentine leukocidin and biofilm production of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from respiratory tract

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the first bacteria colonizing in cystic fibrosis (CF) respiratory tract and different virulence factors are responsible for disease progression. It is not clear if CF S. aureus strains are more virulent than strains isolated from non-CF patients

Typing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in Turkish cystic fibrosis patients

The majority of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients suffer from chronic respiratory infection with the opportunistic bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The virulence of P. aeruginosa is associated with the presence of various extracellular factors, like alginate, elastase, alkaline protease which contribute tissue destruction and assist bacterial invasion