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The application of numerical taxonomy in the classification of staphylococci from bovine milk

One-hundred-and-two isolates of staphylococci from bovine milk were each subjected to a battery of 19 different tests. With the application of numerical taxonomy these isolates could be classified into 1 genus and 3 different species. Although the majority of the coagulase negative organisms were grouped as 1 species, the biochemical differences within this group indicated that they should belong to at least 2 species. About 50% of these isolates could be designated Staphylococcus epidermidis. Possibly because of the small number of tests, a finer division into different species could not be made. The coagulase-positive organisms could be divided into 2 species, the smaller group of which consisted of 3 isolates only. If used as the only method for identification, the coagulase test produces false positive results at a rate of about 2,5% of cases and false negative results at a rate of about 1,7%.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Some features of coagulase positive staphylococci from bovine milk. I. Carbohydrate metabolism: comparison of conventional techniques and the API 50 CH system

When conventional techniques were applied to 84 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from milk samples, it was found that they were all catalase and phosphatase positive and oxidase negative. They all fermented glucose within 24 h and mannitol within 24-48h when inoculated into Hugh & Leifson's medium, enriched with 1 % horse serum. When they were subjected to the carbohydrates of the API 50 CH system, all metabolized glucose aerobically, but only 85-89 % of the isolates could utilize mannitol aerobically. Because of the difference in the utilization of mannitol observed, the value of the API 50 CH classification in the taxonomy of S. aureus becomes questionable. This system could be used as a handy tool, however, when selecting carbohydrates to be used in taxonomical studies.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

The usefulness of the API 20 E classification system in the identification of Actinobacillus actinomycetem comitans, Actinobacillus seminis and Pasteurella haemolytica

The prepuces of lambs aged 6-8 months and semen of 2 adult rams were found to be infected with gram-negative, non-motile, non-haemolytic, pleomorphic bacilli. These organisms were compared with those of known strains of Actinobacillus actinomycetem comitans, Actinobacillus seminis and Pasteurella haemolytica, using the API 20 E classification system. Applying the principles of numerical taxonomy, the majority of suspected strains of A. seminis could be classified as A. actinomycetem comitans and 3 examples as Histophilus ovis. Although some of the suspected strains of A. seminis could be classified as P. haemolytica, obvious differences between the genera Actinobacillus and Pasteurella were evident.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Aerobic metabolism of trehalose in the taxonomy of coagulase negative staphylococci

Comparative assays demonstrated that the probability of error was 12, 1% when testing the aerobic fermentation of trehalose by coagulase negative staphylococci when this carbohydrate was added to the medium prior to sterilization whereas the error was only 2, 7 % in media if filtered trehalose was added subsequent to steam sterilization of the medium.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.mn201

Detection of Brucella abortus antigens by immunoperoxidase histochemical staining of lochia smears

An immunoperoxidase histochemical staining technique for the detection of Brucella abortus organisms in lochia of brucellosis-infected cows was described. In comparison with the standard culture technique, the former method resulted in 36% false positive and 2,3% false negative reactions, which represents a sensitivity of 82% and a specificity of 94%. False positive reactions are presumably the result of organisms which succumbed during transit. The feasibility of the test in the confirmation of brucellosis is discussed.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.mn201

Some features of coagulase positive staphylococci from bovine milk. II. Comparison of conventional techniques and the API Staph system

A total of 150 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were subjected to the tests on the API Staph system. Of these, 50 were also tested by conventional methods, using the same tests as those found on the API Staph strips. Applying the principles of numerical taxonomy, the relationship between these isolates was 82 % and more. Tests for the metabolism of sucrose and N-acetyl-glucosamine and for the production of argenine dihydrolysate and urease appear to be superfluous in the identification of S. aureus in this system.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.lmchunu2014mn201

Anxiety and depression in diabetes care: longitudinal associations with health-related quality of life

Anxiety and depression are commonly found in patients with diabetes, but little is known about how the anxiety and depression symptoms of diabetes patients and the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) over time influence each other. Therefore, we conducted a survey among patients with diabetes (T1) and repeated the survey after 3 months (T2). Linear regression models and cross-lagged structural equation models were used to analyze the associations between anxiety and depression symptoms and HRQoL within and across time intervals. Correcting for baseline index and potential confounders, the HRQoL index at T2 reflected the change in anxiety/depression between T1 and T2 more than anxiety/depression at T1 (P < 0.05). Similarly, anxiety and depression at T2 reflected the change in the EQ-5D index over time more than the index at baseline (P < 0.05). Our longitudinal data fitted well in a cross-lagged model with bi-directional pathways of associations between anxiety and HRQoL, as well as depression and HRQoL, among adult patients with diabetes (x2/df = 1.102, P = 0.256; CFI = 1.000, RMSEA = 0.030). Our findings support early detection of anxiety and depression, as well as comprehensive efforts improving HRQoL for patients with diabetes

Electron microscopic observations on the luminal surface of teat cup liners of milking machines used under South African conditions

An investigation undertaken with the aid of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on new and used teat cup liners revealed the generally poor quality of luminal surfaces. Even those of the brand-new distributor controls showed significant faults in the evenness and continuity of the liner surface. A hundred and 500 milkings apparently tend to aggravate faults like cracks, pores, grooves and pits, because of the general brittleness of some of the teat cup liners. The poor quality of the liners investigated raises various questions about the method of distribution of teat cup liners and serious concern about the role they play in predisposing bovine udders to mastitogenic infections, spreading mastitis, affecting the production and quality of milk, increasing the cost of milk production and reducing profits of dairy farming.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.am201

Salinomycin and virginiamycin for lactating cows supplemented on pasture

Animals on pasture generally show higher feed efficiency as a result of the use of antibiotics. This study evaluated the effect of the antimicrobials salinomycin and/or virginiamycin on production and the ruminal parameters of supplemented dairy cows grazing on Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania. Twelve Holstein/Zebu multiparous cows were used, distributed in three Latin squares, one for the evaluation of ruminal parameters, and the others for production parameters. Cows on pasture were fed 50 % of their estimated intake with corn silage and concentrate supplements containing salinomycin, virginiamycin or a combination of additives, in doses of 120 and 150 mg kg−1, respectively. There were no differences in milk production and composition, energy and nitrogen balance, dry matter digestibility and feeding behavior. However, salinomycin and virginiamycin each reduced pasture and total dry matter intake by about 14 % and 10 %, with a consequent improvement in feed efficiency