Health & Physical Activity

Introduction: Financial and personal costs limit the applicability of direct and indirect calorimetric resting metabolic rate (RMR) assessments during health counseling. Therefore, regression-based equations are often used in preventive settings in which their accuracy could be very limited by the impact of habitual physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB). This study analyzed the applicability of four equations and the potential of PA and SB as explanatory variables.Methods: RMR of 35 non-obese men was assessed using indirect calorimetry. Harris-Benedict-, Mifflin- (factors: bodyweight, height, age), Cunningham-, and Owen equations (factor: fat free mass; FFM) were applied. PA (leisure-, commuting-, household- and work activities) and SB were assessed using a validated questionnaire.Results: RMR was 2061.5537.4 kcal/day and correlated with weight, height, FFM and PA. Only age and PA correlated with RMR after adjusting for bodyweight (1.060.25 kcal/kg/h). Whereas all equations were associated with calorimetric RMR (p<.05), only Harris Benedict formula did not lead to a significant underestimation (-153.4479.0 kcal/day; p>.05).Discussion: In our sample,Harris-Benedict was the only applicable equation. However, the accuracy of individual results was very limited. PA but not SB seems to beassociated with RMR in non-obese men. PA hould be consideredas an additional factor for more accurate predictive equations in preventive settings. KEY WORDS: Sedentary Behavior, Resting Energy Expenditure, Physical Activit

Training & Sports

Introduction: Calisthenics is a conditioning workout characterized by bodyweight exercises at bar and floor. Comparable to gymnastics or crossfit workouts, calisthenics demands a great amount of strength, coordination and flexibility. To date, no studies have examined injury rates among calisthenics participants.Methods: Utilizing a cross-sectional design, data were collected using an online-survey. The questionnaire was developed based on two validated assessment tools for sports and overuse injuries: a) the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre (OSTRC) Overuse Injury Questionnaire and b) the OSTRC Questionnaire in Health Problems. Data on training-specific aspects or location and type of injury-characteristics were assessed via standardized assessment tools. Results: In our sample (156 males and 28 females), 124 injuries from 72 people and 1.288 injuries per 1000 hours of training were reported. More than 70% of these injuries occurred at the upper extremity and were reported as muscle or tendon injury. Around 60% of all injuries led to a time-loss of training, ranging from one to 220 days (CI: [29.01; 51.27]).Discussion: Our sample showed a lower injury rate than sports with similar demands. Physicians, athletes, and trainers should be familiar with calisthenics-specific types of exercises and the related risk of injuries to build a basis for good treatment of injuries and a sufficient prevention strategy.KEY WORDS: Calisthenics, Turnen, Sportverletzung, Verletzungsrate, Trendspor