Doğal gaz dağıtım işletmelerinde memnuniyet düzeyinin incelenemsi : AGDAŞ örneği

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.İnsan kaynağı her işletme için büyük öneme sahiptir ve çalışanların memnuniyet derecesi onların davranışlarını ve başarılarını doğrudan etkiler, bu da işletmelerin hayatta kalması ve gelişmesinde kilit rol oynar. Çalışanların ve memnuniyet düzeylerinin kritik bir pozisyonda olması bu alanda yapılan araştırmaların da önemini arttırmaktadır. Bu araştırma kapsamında doğal gaz dağıtım işletmelerinde çalışan memnuniyetinin ne düzeyde olduğu sorusuna cevap aranmaktadır. Buradan hareketle, işletmelerin en değerli kaynağı olan çalışanların genel memnuniyetine etki eden faktörlerin sağlıklı bir şekilde ortaya konmasına imkan sağlayacak kapsamlı geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek derlenmesi ve çalışan memnuniyet düzeyinin sağlıklı bir şekilde tespit edilmesiyle birlikte çalışanın daha iyi tanınması, çalışan memnuniyetinin artırılması ve devir oranının azaltılmasına katkı sağlanması amaçlanmaktadır. EFQM ve Great Place to Work ödüllerine sahip bir işletme olarak AGDAŞ çalışan memnuniyetinin sağlanmasına ve iyileştirme politikaları geliştirilmesine büyük önem vermektedir. Yıllar içerisinde AGDAŞ'ta birçok farklı çalışan memnuniyet anketi uygulanmış, ancak kapsam açısından hedeflenen genişliğe erişilememiştir. Bu çalışma neticesinde derlenen memnuniyet ölçeği doğal gaz dağıtım işletmeleri başta olmak üzere, tüm işletmelerde memnuniyetin daha sağlıklı ölçümüne imkân sağlayabilir ve bu konuda verimli iyileştirme politikaları geliştirilmesine katkıda bulunabilir. Araştırmada nicel yaklaşım benimsenmiş ve çalışmanın uygulama aşamasında verilerin toplanması için anket yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Anket formunda yer alan ifadeler literatürde yer alan ölçeklerden derlenmiş ve çalışma kapsamında AGDAŞ'ta çalışmakta olan 187 katılımcıdan elde edilen verilerle test edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler neticesinde geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek derlendiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Derlenen ölçeğin araştırılan olguyu %81 açıklama gücü olması, çalışan memnuniyetini gerçeğe yakın şekliyle ortaya koymayı hedefleyen kurum veya araştırmacılar için iyi bir alternatif önerildiğini göstermektedir. Araştırma kapsamında çalışan memnuniyeti başlığı altında genel memnuniyet, gurur, iletişim, kişisel gelişim ve kariyer, takım ruhu, değişim yönetimi, saygı, güvenilirlik ve hakkaniyet boyutları incelenmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında çalışan memnuniyet düzeyine ilişkin analizler neticesinde AGDAŞ çalışanlarının memnuniyet düzeyi %83,4 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Memnuniyet düzeyinin cinsiyet, çalışma alanı veya çalışma süresi gibi çeşitli demografik özelliklerle ilişkisi de yapılan analizlerde ele alınmış, bulgulara ilişkin yorum ve tavsiyeler araştırmanın sonuç bölümünde raporlanmıştır.Human resources are of paramount importance to any business, and the degree of satisfaction of employees directly affects their behavior and success, which plays a key role in the survival and development of businesses. The fact that the employees and their satisfaction levels are in a critical position increases the importance of the researches conducted in this field. Within the scope of this research, it is sought to answer the question of the level of employee satisfaction in natural gas distribution enterprises. From this point of view, compiling a comprehensive valid and reliable scale that will provide the factors that affect the general satisfaction of the employees, which is the most valuable resource of the enterprises, and determining the employee satisfaction level in a healthy way, better recognition of the employee, increasing employee satisfaction and reducing the turnover rate contribution is aimed. As a company with EFQM and Great Place to Work awards, AGDAŞ attaches great importance to ensuring employee satisfaction and development of improvement policies. Over the years, many different employee satisfaction surveys have been conducted in AGDAS, but the targeted width in terms of coverage has not been achieved. The satisfaction scale compiled as a result of this study can provide a healthier measure of satisfaction in all enterprises, especially in natural gas distribution companies, and contribute to the development of efficient improvement policies in this regard. Quantitative approach was adopted in the research and questionnaire method was used to collect data during the application phase of the study. The statements in the questionnaire were compiled from the scales in the literature and tested with the data obtained from 187 participants working in AGDAŞ. As a result of the analyzes, it was concluded that a valid and reliable scale was compiled. The fact that the compiled scale has the power of explaining the case to 81% indicates that a good alternative is proposed for the institutions or researchers aiming to demonstrate employee satisfaction in a realistic manner. Within the scope of the research, general satisfaction, pride, communication, personal development and career, team spirit, change management, respect, reliability and equity were examined under the title of employee satisfaction. As a result of the analyzes on employee satisfaction level within the scope of the research, the satisfaction level of AGDAŞ employees was determined as 83.4%. The relationship between satisfaction level and various demographic characteristics such as gender, working area or duration of the employment were also taken into consideration in the analyzes, and comments and recommendations regarding the findings were reported in the conclusion section of the research

Muscle cellular characteristics of male kids from Turkish indigenous goat breeds

Indices of the transcriptional and translational capacity of muscle cells are directly related to growth in various livestock species. The main aim of this study was, therefore, to determine cellular characteristics and their relationship with metric measurements and muscle fibers number in longissimus-dorsi (LD) and semitendinosus (ST) skeletal muscles from male kids born to Angora, Hair, Honamli and Kilis breeds. Kilis kids had significant lower (except for Hair kids) muscle cross-sectional area (MSCA) in LD and ST muscles (p<0.05). Also depth and length (except for Angora kids) of ST muscle were significantly lower (p<0.05) in Kilis kids. Honamli kids had a significant higher (p<0.05) concentrations of DNA and RNA in both muscles, while Kilis kids had a significant lower (p<0.05) total protein in ST muscle. Protein:DNA and protein:RNA ratios of Angora kids in both muscles were significantly higher compared to other breeds (p<0.05). There were positive correlations between muscle depth (MD) and protein, MSCA and DNA, MSCA and RNA, MSCA and protein (p<0.05) in LD muscle. Similarly, positive correlations between MD and protein, muscle length (ML) and RNA, ML and protein, MSCA and protein (p[removed

An analysis study describing physical fitness level of overweight subjects

Aim: This study was planned to compare the physical fitness level of overweight and normal subjects. Methods: 50 subjects were divided into two groups: Group I (25 controls; mean age: 29.52 +/- 7.94years) and Group II (25 overweight subjects; mean age: 35.21 +/- 8.31 years). Average of the Body Mass Index (BMI) scores of Group I and II were 21.68 +/- 1.90 kg/m², 28.35 +/- 3.24 kg/m², respectively. The subjects had no any health problems, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and coronary heart diseases, neurological or musculoskeletal dysfunctions. All subjects were evaluated using the following physical fitness tests; Harward-Step, Push-ups, Sit-ups, Trunk Bending Forward & Backward, and Flamingo Balance. The results obtained from this study were analyzed using SPSS for windows statistical program (version 10.0). Results: The results showed that scores of Group II were significantly less than scores of Group I in terms of cardio-vascular endurance and a parameter of flexibility (trunk extension) (p<0.05). Conclusion: To gain weight is an important risk factor regarding healthy life, especially physical fitness level. These results show that the overweight subjects are at risk concerning cardiovascular diseases due to decreased cardiovascular endurance. Therefore, both overweight subjects and obese subjects should be evaluated using physical fitness tests in order to describe their physical health profile and to able to organize the most suitable preventive medical program to improve quality of life

Bulanık kümeler ile inşaatlarda yeni bir iş güvenliği risk analizi yöntemi

Figures of the occupational accidents and the related fatalities and injuries reached an alerting level in Turkey as well as in the world. Especially in the construction industry, the working environment not conforming to safety rules and other elements leads to thousands of fatal or non-fatal injuries in each year. One of the common characteristic of the commonly implemented management systems is emphasizing the importance of the hazard assessment and risk analysis. In this study, an approach for risk analysis for occupational safety on construction sites with a fuzzy rule-based safety analysis is recommended to deal with the uncertainty and insufficient data. By this approach, historical accident data in the industry, subjective judgments of the experts and the current safety level of a construction site can be combined by the utilization of fuzzy rule based system. In the scope of the study, records were taken from the Social Insurance Institution (SII) General Directory archives in Ankara and 4347 of them occurred on construction sites. In addition to 4347 files, 892 court expert reports which are submitted to criminal and labour courts were examined thoroughly. The likelihood of each particular cause of accident differs for different types of construction work. In the approach presented in this study, accident likelihood and fuzzy set definition of each cause of accident were defined according to the construction work. By the combination of subjective judgement and gathered data, the linguistic variables were employed to develop fuzzy membership functions for accident likelihood. The Accident Likelihood (AL) is one of the main parameters used to assess the Risk Level (RL) of a construction site. The second parameter is the Current Safety Level (CSL) and it needs to be defined as fuzzy sets. Firstly acquisition of safety measures to be taken and ranking of their importance were accomplished. A new kind of checklist was prepared to assist those employers and employees who seek to comply with the rules and regulations of the International Labour Organization and current safety legislation in Turkey. While the checklist prepared according to the boolean approach asks ?is the scaffolding safe?? for example, the approach presented in this paper asks ?how safe is the scaffolding??. Using this checklist an expert can evaluate an item related to site safety, by a scale between 1 and 10. All the safety measures for each accident cause were weighted by experts. In this research, the pair wise comparison method and Analytical Hierarchy Process were utilized. To define the Consequent Severity variable, a literature research was done and it was derived that despite the fact that many different approaches exist, 1-5 or 1-10 scale are commonly utilized to assess the consequences of the occupational accidents. However, the subjective judgment of the experts is also required here because the objective data extremely rare or insufficient in Turkey. The most common nine type of occupational accidents and unclassified accidents defined as ?other types? are assessed by the experts using 0-100 scale. The accident severity is defined as five different linguistic terms from minor to catastrophic and the averages of the scores given by the experts for each type of accident put forward the fuzzy definition of Consequent Severity. In practical implication of the safety measures, the fuzziness of the antecedents eliminates the need for a precise match with the inputs. All the rules that have any truth in their premises will contribute to the fuzzy risk level expression.  Risk Level, combined by matching them against rules in a rule base system, was evaluated with Mamdani-type inference system and then defuzzified to assess the hazard level of the job site. In this study, the aim was to find the risk level of a construction site and five linguistic variables (very safe, safe, slightly risky, risky and extremely risky) were used to describe the performance and the risky atmosphere of the site. The output set also was defined using fuzzy Risk Level (RL) sets as in the same ways the fuzzy inputs were defined. In the last part of the study, the outcomes and contribution to the science were discussed and some recommendations were put forward. The model presented was constructed by performing a broad literature research and field study and it is thought that it will satisfy some urgent demands of the construction industry.   Keywords: Occupational safety, risk analysis, fuzzy sets, accident severity.&lt;!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} p.MsoBodyText2, li.MsoBodyText2, div.MsoBodyText2 {margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; mso-hyphenate:none; tab-stops:3.0cm; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-US; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} p.zetmetni, li.zetmetni, div.zetmetni {mso-style-name:"&Ouml;zet metni"; margin-top:6.0pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language:EN-US; font-style:italic; mso-bidi-font-style:normal;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt; mso-header-margin:35.4pt; mso-footer-margin:35.4pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} p.MsoBodyText2, li.MsoBodyText2, div.MsoBodyText2 {margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; mso-hyphenate:none; tab-stops:3.0cm; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-US; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} p.zetmetni, li.zetmetni, div.zetmetni {mso-style-name:"&Ouml;zet metni"; margin-top:6.0pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language:EN-US; font-style:italic; mso-bidi-font-style:normal;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt; mso-header-margin:35.4pt; mso-footer-margin:35.4pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --&gt; Bu &ccedil;alışmada bulanık k&uuml;meler yardımıyla inşaat şantiyelerine &ouml;zg&uuml; bir risk analiz modeli geliştirilmiştir. T&uuml;rkiye ve d&uuml;nyada iş g&uuml;venliğine ilişkin istatistikler ve g&uuml;ncel durum g&ouml;z&ouml;n&uuml;ne serilmiş, iş g&uuml;venliği y&ouml;netim sistemleri incelenmiş, bu sistemlerin ayrılmaz bir bileşeni haline gelen risk analizi ve tehlike değerlendirme teknikleri ayrıntılı bir şekilde ele alınmış ve inşaat sekt&ouml;r&uuml; i&ccedil;in uygun bir risk analizi modeli i&ccedil;in gerek literat&uuml;r gerekse de saha araştırması yapılmıştır. Toplam 5239 iş kazası ayrıntılı bir şekilde incelenmiş, 58 şantiyedeki iş g&uuml;venliği uygulamaları sahada araştırılmış ve model bir t&uuml;nel şantiyesinde uygulanmıştır. Kaza Olabilirliği parametresinin bulunmasında, iş kazası dosyaları incelenerek, her şantiyede her tipte kazanın hangi y&uuml;zde ile ger&ccedil;ekleştiğinden hareketle elde edilen sayısal veriler, bulanık k&uuml;meler yardımıyla s&ouml;zel ifadelere &ccedil;evrilmiştir. G&uuml;venlik D&uuml;zeyi parametresi i&ccedil;in ise her kaza tipi i&ccedil;in alınması gereken &ouml;nlemlerin ayrı ayrı sınıflandırıldığı ve uzmanlarca ikili karşılaştırmalar yoluyla farklı ağırlıklar verilen yeni bir kontrol listesi kullanılmıştır. Bu kontrol listesindeki her maddenin ağırlığını saptamak amacıyla Analitik Hiyerarşi Y&ouml;ntemi kullanılmış, kontrol listesi 1-10 arası bir &ouml;l&ccedil;ekte kontrol yapan uzmanların, her iş g&uuml;venliği &ouml;nlemine evet/hayır veya 0/1 vermesi yerine bir puan vermesine dayanmıştır. Kaza Şiddeti parametresi i&ccedil;in ise, 1-5 arası &ouml;l&ccedil;ekte şiddet tanımları yapılmış, deneyimli uzmanların g&ouml;r&uuml;şleri ile sayısal ifadeler oluşturulmuş, sonrasında s&ouml;zel ifadelere &ccedil;evrilmiştir. Y&ouml;ntemin &uuml;&ccedil; parametresi bulanık kural tabanlı sistemin girdileri olarak kullanılmış ve her kaza tipi i&ccedil;in &ccedil;ıktı parametresi Risk D&uuml;zeyi bulanık &ccedil;ıkarım ve harmanlama y&ouml;ntemi ile bulunmuştur. &nbsp; Anahtar Kelimeler: İş g&uuml;venliği, risk analizi, bulanık k&uuml;meler, kaza şiddeti

Comparison of the Effects of Alcohol and Phenol Used for Celiac Neurolysis with Endoscopic Ultrasound in Patients with Pancreas Cancer: Retrospective Analysis

Objective: In this study we aimed to compare the efficacy of ethanol and phenol used in the EUS-guided celiac plexus neurolysis procedure on pain scores and complications. Material and Methods: Between January 2009 and June 2022, 28 patients who underwent celiac neurolysis underwent sedation via EUS (endoscopic ultrasonography) guidance in the endoscopy unit were included. We retrospectively analyzed the data of the EUS-guided celiac neurolysis procedures for pain management of patients with pancreatic cancer. Results: Patients in the alcohol group had lower pain scores. Conclusion: When alcohol and phenol-based neurolytic techniques were compared, better analgesic effect was obtained in the alcohol group

Comparative Analysis of Practices of Child Benefits in EU Member States

According to the ILO Convention No. 102, family benefits are a social security branch established to compensate for the increase in the expenditure of those protected due to the expenses necessary for the care of the children, they are responsible for, and to protect the level of life they have reached before the child's existence. Periodic payments made to those who take care of the child within the scope of the family benefits social security branch are generally called child benefits. Child benefit is the most basic and common type of benefit provided under the family benefits social security branch. It is possible to find child benefits in all countries where there is an institutional family benefits social security branch. Child benefit can make positive contributions in many such areas as increasing the fertility and population of the country, reducing poverty, preventing child poverty and extending the country's welfare level to the whole society. In this respect, countries develop different child benefit practices by developing different benefit conditions depending on their population policies and economic development levels. In this study, current practices in EU member countries are examined on the basis of minimum standards of child benefits under the Convention No. 102 and a comparative analysis of these practices is presented. As a result of the study, it has been seen that all parents residing in EU member countries have the opportunity to benefit from child benefits for their children residing in these countries, and child benefits are provided without premium except Austria and France

Macromolecules Influence Cellular Competence and Expression Level of IGFs Genes in Bovine Oocytes In Vitro

Simple Summary The macromolecule content of culture media can affect the maturation competence of oocytes, which influences the subsequent in vitro development of embryos. This study was designed to determine the effects of macromolecules on cellular competence and the transcript level of insulin-like growth factors (IGF1, IGF2) and their receptors in bovine oocytes. The current study showed that bovine serum albumin (BSA) and fetal calf serum (FCS) improved nuclear maturation and protein biosynthesis (especially FCS). Polyvinyl alcohol did not support the antioxidant defense mechanism due to decreased glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity. The expression of the IGF1 gene could not be detected in all experimental groups, but BSA and FCS increased the transcript level of the IGF2 gene. Moreover, oocyte maturation with BSA increased the transcript level of the IGF1R gene, whereas the transcript level of the IGF2R gene was similar among macromolecule supplementation groups. The BSA and FCS could improve in vitro bovine oocyte development due to supporting cellular characteristics. In vitro maturation (IVM) of mammalian oocytes, which influences subsequent in vitro development of embryos, is affected by the macromolecule content in culture media for the success of oocyte maturation competence, in which the cytoplasmic and nuclear reprogramming events occur. The insulin-like growth factor family (IGFs) promotes the maturation of bovine oocytes and the expansion of cumulus cells and also inhibits apoptosis. This study was, therefore, designed to examine the effects of macromolecules (bovine serum albumin, BSA; fetal calf serum, FCS; and polyvinyl alcohol, PVA) on in vitro nuclear maturation, total cellular protein, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme activity, and the gene expression level of IGF1, IGF2, and their receptor in bovine oocytes. Oocytes obtained from bovine ovaries were cultured in bicarbonate-buffered medium 199 supplemented with 4 mg/mL BSA, 10% FCS, 1 mg/mL PVA, and without macromolecule supplement (control) during 22 h in the air with a humidified atmosphere and 5% CO2 at 38.5 degrees C temperature. Supplementation of BSA and FCS increased (chi(2) = 9.84; p < 0.05) the percentages of oocytes that reached metaphase II compared to the control and PVA. The amount of protein per ml of cell extracts of oocytes matured in FCS supplemented culture media was higher (p < 0.05) than the oocytes in the PVA and control. The levels of GPx enzyme activity in cell extracts isolated from oocytes in each experimental group did not change over time, but the GPx enzyme activity in oocytes matured in PVA-supplemented culture media was lower (p < 0.05) than in oocytes in the other experimental groups. Transcript for the IGF1 gene was not detected in all experimental groups, but the supplementation of BSA and FCS significantly elevated the transcript level of the IGF2 gene. In addition, the maturation of oocytes with BSA-supplemented media increased the transcript level of the IGF1R gene, whereas the transcript level of the IGF2R gene was similar among macromolecule supplementation groups. The current study concluded that BSA and FCS could improve in vitro bovine oocyte development due to supporting nuclear maturation and increasing the total cellular protein content, GPx enzyme, and transcript activity

The sphere of consensus in a polarized media system: The case of Turkey during the catastrophic coup attempt

How does a highly polarized media system respond to a catastrophic event? The July 2016 coup attempt in Turkey provides fertile ground to examine how a catastrophic event has shaped the editorial policies of news media outlets in a highly polarized media system. This article hypothesizes that, mainly due to the peculiarities of the Turkish media system, even at the time of a catastrophic event, the framing strategies of media outlets converge only to a limited degree on a sphere of consensus. Adopting a content analysis methodology, we analyze the framing strategies of four national newspapers affiliated with specific sociopolitical camps (the pro-government Sabah, the moderate Hürriyet, and the oppositional Sözcü and Cumhuriyet). We reach the counterintuitive conclusion that these news outlets used different framing strategies in the immediate aftermath of the coup attempt and that the gap between them widened over the period of analysis

Cementless modular total hip arthroplasty with subtrochanteric transverse shortening osteotomy for high hip dislocations

Background: Performing a total hip arthroplasty for a high hip dislocation is technically demanding and presents several challenges, with appropriate evaluation of the bone morphology of the hip and proper implant selection being critical for successful outcomes. Objective: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of cementless modular total hip arthroplasty for the treatment of high hip dislocations with sub-trochanteric transverse shortening osteotomy. Methods: Sixty-eight hips with a high hip dislocation, were treated using a sub-trochanteric transverse shortening osteotomy and cementless modular total hip arthroplasty, retrospectively reviewed. Hip function was assessed using the Harris hip score, with hip abduction strength evaluated using the Trendelenburg test. Radiographic assessment included the measurement of leg length discrepancy, identification of implant loosening, localization of the hip center, and union at the osteotomy site. Results: The mean follow-up period was 12.9 (range 5.2–16.8) years. The mean Harris hip score improved from a pre-operative score of 48.6 ± 3.6 to 82.4 ± 4.2 (p < 0.05). The hip was within the true acetabulum in all patients, postoperatively. Osteotomy union was achieved in 67 of the 68 hips (98.5%) in a mean latency of 12.5 ± 0.6 weeks. The mean length of femoral shortening was 66.5 ± 4.5 mm, with a mean pull-down length of the proximal part of 35.5 ± 3.5 mm. Conclusion: For the treatment of high hip dislocations with satisfactory clinical outcomes, the modular stem offers an adjustable anteversion angle to restore sufficient rotational stability and the transverse osteotomy provides sufficient compression pressure across the osteotomy site to facilitate union. Trial registration It was a retrospective study and approved by Istanbul Research and Training Hospital institutional Ethics Review Board (772-05/02/2016)

Placental Characteristics Classification of Various Native Turkish Sheep Breeds

Simple Summary The aim of this study was to classify placental characteristics of Akkaraman, Morkaraman, Karayaka, Awassi, Malya, and Bafra native sheep breeds using the hierarchical clustering method. As a result, six breeds were separated into three clusters: the first cluster consisted of Bafra, Karayaka, and Awassi breeds; the second consisted of Akkaraman and Malya breeds; and the third cluster included only the Morkaraman breed. The aim of this study was to classify placental characteristics of Akkaraman, Morkaraman, Karayaka, Awassi, Malya, and Bafra sheep breeds using the hierarchical clustering method. In total, 240 individual data records were used as experimental material. Placental characteristics such as total cotyledon surface area, small and large cotyledon length, small cotyledon depth, etc. were used as explanatory variables to classify the breeds' characteristics. Hierarchical clustering was used with the nearest neighbour method with Euclidean distance in order to classify the sheep breeds' variations. As a result, six breeds were separated into three clusters: the first cluster consisted of Bafra, Karayaka, and Awassi breeds; the second consisted of Akkaraman and Malya breeds; and the third cluster included only the Morkaraman breed. Bafra and Karayaka were pointed as the nearest breeds, with a similarity of 98.7% in terms of placental characteristics. The similarity rate of the Akkaraman and Malya breeds was at a level of 97.5%, whereas it was 96.8% for Bafra, Karayaka, and Awassi breeds. The similarity of Akkaraman, Karayaka, Awassi, Malya, and Bafra sheep breeds was estimated as 95.7%. The overall similarity was found to be at a level of 93.2% among sheep breeds. The outcomes of the study might be useful as a selection tool for reproductivity and can be used to select the breed to be reared