Development and stability evaluation of olive oil nanoemulsion using sucrose ester

Nanoemulsion is a type of emulsion that consist of fine oil-in-water dispersions, with the droplets covering the size range of 20-200nm. It can be achieved through self-emulsification process. One of the processes is through low energy emulsification method. Olive oil was chosen in this study due to its efficiency in treating skin problem. Pre-emulsion was prepared by mixing oil, sucrose ester and glycerol under heat at 80 °C. After the pre-emulsion was formed, it will be self-emulsified with water under gentle agitation. Olive oil nanoemulsion was prepared using sucrose ester as a surfactant to produce droplets size below 200 nm with low size distribution. The pre-emulsion was very stable when stored at 4 “C. However, it was unstable when stored at 25 °C and 40 °C. Therefore, 4 °C is the ideal storage condition for this pre-emulsion

Usage of sugar ester in the preparation of avocado oil nanoemulsion

Objectives: Due to the high dynamics of pharmaceutical products markets, developments of new products using latest innovative technology are becoming a norm of many pharmaceutical companies. Nanoscale materials such as nanoemulsion (NE) offer advantages such as the controllable droplet size, long-term stability, and power solubilization ability. It is beneficial in various delivery systems either for transdermal, ocular, nasal, vaginal, and parenteral drug delivery. The objective of the study was to prepare avocado oil NE using different surfactants to find the most suitable nanosized droplets, as avocado oil offers a variety of purported nutritional and medicinal benefits. Methods: Sucrose esters, glycerol, and avocado oil with different ratio were used to produce pre-NE by phase inversion technique then pre-NE were self-emulsified with water to produce NE. The influence of the sucrose esters surfactants on the NE formulations were determined using three different types of sucrose esters surfactant (laureate, oleate, and palmitate). Stability study was conducted for NE at different temperatures (4°C, 25°C, and 40°C) for 6 months. Results: The NE contained sucrose laureate produced best nanosized formulations compared to other oleate and palmitate, with optimum droplet size 106 ± 1.70 nm, size distribution 0.156 ± 0.01, and zeta potential -30.4 ± 0.70. The NE formulations were very stable at 4°C compared to 25°C and 40°C while at 25°C NE showed moderate stability, but it was unstable at 40°C. Conclusion: Sucrose laureate was able to produce NE with phase inversion and self-emulsification techniques and the ideal storage condition for NE is 4°C

Characterization of polymeric gene delivery complexes by atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and photon correlation spectroscopy

EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Preparation and evaluation of olive oil nanoemulgel

The aim of this study was to characterize nanoemulgel prepared using olive oil and sucrose ester as surfactant. Nanoemulsion is submicron sized emulsion typically in the range of 20-200 nm. Nanoemulgel has emerged as a promising drug delivery of hydrophobic drugs. When hydrogels and emulsions are used in a combination, thus the dosages will be referred as emulgel. Olive oil is often used in herbal skin care. The nanoemulgels were prepared by nanophase emulsification technique. These formulations were examined using zetasizer to determine the mean diameter of dispersed oil droplets, size distribution and zeta potential. Also the stability hydrogel were studied at different storage temperature 4, 25 and 40 'c. The results revealed that nanoemulsion prepared with 50% w/w oil, 30% w/w glycerol and 20% w/w surfactant showed droplets size below 200 nm with good size distribution below 0.2 and zeta potential < -30 mV. The optimum formulation of nanoemulsion was prepared in the form of nanoemulgel using carbopol 940.The results showed no significant effect of carbopol on the nanoemulsion droplets size and zeta potential after incorporating the nanoemulsion with the hydrogel. In addition, the nanoemulgel showed high stability at different storage temperature. In conclusion, a stable olive oil nanoemulgel was prepared by incorporating nanoemulsion with carbopol based hydrogel

Characterization of polymeric gene delivery complexes by atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and photon correlation spectroscopy

EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Development and evaluation of nanoemulsion hydrogel

New methods of drug delivery can now be used to increase the effectiveness and safety of medication. Therefore, several new drug carrier systems have been developed such as nanoemulsions Nanoemulsion is submicron sized emulsion Typically in the range of 20-200 cm, Avocado oil is often used in herbal skin care. The aim of this study was to characterize nanoemulsion hydrogel prepared using avocado oil and sucrose ester stearate as surfactant. The nanoemulsion hydrogel were prepared by nanophase emulsification technique. These forrnulations were examined using zetasizer to determined the mean diameter of dispersed oil droplets, polydispersibility index (PD1) and zeta potential. Also the viscosity of the prepared nanoemulslon hydrogel were studied. The results reveled that nanoemulson prepared with 60% w/w oil, 24% w/w glycerol and 16%w/w surfactant showed droplets size below 200 nm with good polydispersibility index and zeta potential < -30 mV. The optimum formulation of nanoemulsion was prepared in the form of nanoemulsion hydrogel using cerbopols 934 and 940. The results of the viscometer for the nanoemulsion hydrogel showed that the storaqe modulus (G') which describes the elasticity of the component were greater than the loss modulus (G") values which reveals the viscosity of the component

The preparation and evaluation of self-nanoemulsifying systems containing swietenia oil and an examination of its anti-inflammatory effects

There is an increasing trend among pharmaceutical industries to use natural bioactive materials as medicinal agents and to use new technologies such as self-nanoemulsifying systems. The solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs can be enhanced by self-nanoemulsifying systems. Swietenia oil is frequently used because of its antimicrobial, antimutagenic, and anticancer bioactive medical properties. This study was conducted to develop self-nano­emulsifying systems for Swietenia oil that will enhance the anti-inflammatory activity of the oil. The self-emulsifying systems developed for Swietenia oil in this study were constructed using ternary phase diagrams and contained the nonionic surfactants Labrasol®, Tween 20, Capmul®, and Labrafil®. The effect of these surfactants on the formulation was examined. The mean droplet size of Swietenia oil as well as their distribution, appearance, viscosity, and spreading times were studied to find the optimum formula, which contained droplets that were less than 200 nm. The next step was to test the anti-inflammatory properties of the optimum formula using a carrageenan-induced rat paw edema test. The results from this test were compared to the oil solution. Different oil/surfactants mixtures had various emulsification properties that were related to the size of their droplets. Tween 20 is a good surfactant to use in self-emulsifying systems because it produces droplets of nano-size. Mixtures of Capmul/Labrasol at a ratio of 2:1 and Labrafil/Tween 20 at a ratio of 1:2 were able to produce self-nanoemulsifying formulations containing Swietenia oil concentrations that ranged from 20%–50%. Nanoemulsion occurred when the size of the droplets fell below 200 nm with low size distribution (<0.3) after being gently mixed with water. It was found that the hydrophilic/lipophilic balance value affected the ternary phase diagram behavior of Swietenia oil and surfactants. In addition, the anti-inflammatory properties of Swietenia oil were greater in the self-nanoemulsifying systems than in the oil solution

The preparation and evaluation of self-nanoemulsifying systems containing swietenia oil and an examination of its anti-inflammatory effects

There is an increasing trend among pharmaceutical industries to use natural bioactive materials as medicinal agents and to use new technologies such as self-nanoemulsifying systems. The solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs can be enhanced by self-nanoemulsifying systems. Swietenia oil is frequently used because of its antimicrobial, antimutagenic, and anticancer bioactive medical properties. This study was conducted to develop self-nano­emulsifying systems for Swietenia oil that will enhance the anti-inflammatory activity of the oil. The self-emulsifying systems developed for Swietenia oil in this study were constructed using ternary phase diagrams and contained the nonionic surfactants Labrasol®, Tween 20, Capmul®, and Labrafil®. The effect of these surfactants on the formulation was examined. The mean droplet size of Swietenia oil as well as their distribution, appearance, viscosity, and spreading times were studied to find the optimum formula, which contained droplets that were less than 200 nm. The next step was to test the anti-inflammatory properties of the optimum formula using a carrageenan-induced rat paw edema test. The results from this test were compared to the oil solution. Different oil/surfactants mixtures had various emulsification properties that were related to the size of their droplets. Tween 20 is a good surfactant to use in self-emulsifying systems because it produces droplets of nano-size. Mixtures of Capmul/Labrasol at a ratio of 2:1 and Labrafil/Tween 20 at a ratio of 1:2 were able to produce self-nanoemulsifying formulations containing Swietenia oil concentrations that ranged from 20%–50%. Nanoemulsion occurred when the size of the droplets fell below 200 nm with low size distribution (<0.3) after being gently mixed with water. It was found that the hydrophilic/lipophilic balance value affected the ternary phase diagram behavior of Swietenia oil and surfactants. In addition, the anti-inflammatory properties of Swietenia oil were greater in the self-nanoemulsifying systems than in the oil solution

Spectroscopic characterization of PEG-DNA biocomplexes by FTIR

Understanding the mode involved in the binding of certain molecules to DNA is of prime importance, and PEG offers wide-ranging applications in biological, medical and pharmaceutical contexts. FTIR spectroscopy has been used to characterize how the formed biocomplexes bind or dissociate to/from each other between PEG400-ctDNA under different conditions. Characterization and investigation of the effect of incubation time on PEG400-ctDNA biocomplexes formation were studied through spectroscopic technique FTIR. The influence of time duration and incubation on intermolecular interaction was analysed at three different selected times (Zero, 1hr, and 48 hrs.) at 1:1 PEG400-ctDNA monomer to nucleotide ratio. The experiment was carried out at room temperature 22 °C, with prior vortex stirrer of biocomplex for 10 min to improve homogeneity of sample. The results showed that the binding reaction of PEG400-ctDNA proceeds rapidly through DNA base pairs and phosphate DNA backbone, and complexation was reached after a maximum 1hr after mixing PEG400 and ctDNA at 1:1 ratio. FTIR spectroscopy results suggest that PEG400 binds with ctDNA by weak to moderate biocomplexes formation, with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic contact through DNA base pairs, with minor binding preference towards phosphate backbone of DNA helix. The mode of interaction most likely referred to an interaction through outside groove binding or electrostatic binding modes. FTIR highlighted the significant effect of incubation time on the stable biocomplexes of non-ionic PEG400 and ctDNA. Moreover, FTIR spectroscopy technique was rapid, showed good stability, and is a valuable tool for studying the biological properties of biocomplexes of PEG400 and ctDNA

Biosynthesis of nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles

In this century, the development of nanotechnology is projected to be the establishment of a technological evolutionary of this modern era. Recently, nanotechnology is one of the most active subjects of substantial research in modern material sciences and hence metal nanoparticles have a great scientific interest because of their unique optoelectronic and physicochemical properties with applications in diverse areas such as electronics, catalysis, drug delivery, or sensing. Nanotechnology provides an understanding on fundamental properties of objects at the atomic, molecular, and supramolecular levels. Besides, nanotechnology also leads an alternative technological pathway for the exploration and revolution of biological entities, whereas biology provides role models and biosynthetic constituents to nanotechnology. The findings of this review are important to provide an alternative for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. It showed more cost-effective and environmental friendly application as well as easier for large production, with relation to the properties of silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial, can be served well as an alternative antiseptic agent in various fields. Typically, silver nanoparticles are smaller than 100 nm and consist of about 20–15,000 silver atoms. Due to the attractive physical and chemical properties of silver at the nanoscale, the development of silver nanoparticles is expanding in recent years and is nowadays significant for consumer and medical products