Low complexity blind and data-aided IQ imbalance compensation methods for low-IF receivers

Low-IF and Zero-IF (direct conversion) down converters showed a great potential in implementing multi standard single chip solutions, eliminating the need to use off chip components and so reduce the area and the cost of the wireless receivers. One of the main performance limitations in the low-IF & Zero-IF down-converters is the components mismatch between the in-phase path and the quadrature-path named the IQ Imbalance (IQI) which limits the achievable image rejection ratio (IRR) of the down converters. Many techniques had been proposed to enhance the achievable IRR either by using calibration methods, e.g. using lab calibration, or by doing online compensation during signal reception. In this work those techniques are reviewed, proposing three new methods for blind IQI compensation techniques, the first proposed method targets the low input signal to interference ratio (low SIRin) while the second and third methods targets the moderate and high SIRin, showing that the proposed methods reach better performance and/or lower complexity than the methods already introduced in the literature. Also two techniques to perform data aided IQI compensation are introduced exploiting pilot symbols within the desired signal with no prior knowledge about the image signal. The first method exploits a preamble sequence assuming slow fading condition while the second approach exploits a sequence of pilots to compensate for the IQI being suitable for fast fading conditions as well. Simulation results showed that the proposed data aided techniques achieved shorter convergence time and higher image rejection ratio compared to the blind methods at high SNR values

A 216–256 GHz fully differential frequency multiplier-by-8 chain with 0 dBm output power

Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.This work presents a fully differential wideband and low power 240 GHz multiplier-by-8 chain, manufactured in IHP's 130 nm SiGe:C BiCMOS technology with fT/fmax = 300/500 GHz. A single ended 30 GHz input signal is multiplied by 8 using Gilbert cell-based quadrupler and doubler, and then amplified with a wideband differential 3-stage cascode amplifier. To achieve wide bandwidth and optimize for power consumption, the power budget has been designed in order to operate the frequency multipliers and the output amplifier in saturation. With this architecture the presented circuit achieves a 3 dB bandwidth of 40 GHz, meaning a relative 3 dB bandwidth of 17%, and a peak saturated output power of 0 dBm. Harmonic rejections better than 25 dB were measured for the 5th, 6th, and 7th harmonics. It dissipates 255 mW from 3 V supply which results in drain efficiency of 0.4%, while occupying 1.2 mm2. With these characteristics the presented circuit suits very well as a frequency multiplier chain for driving balanced mixers in 240 GHz transceivers for radar, communication, and sensing applications.DFG, 255715243, SPP 1857: Elektromagnetische Sensoren für Life Sciences (ESSENCE

240-GHz Reflectometer-Based Dielectric Sensor With Integrated Transducers in a 130-nm SiGe BiCMOS Technology

This article presents a reflectometer-based on-chip dielectric sensor with integrated transducers at 240 GHz. The chip simplifies the measurement of a vector network analyzer (VNA) to sense the incident and reflected waves by using two heterodyne mixer-based receivers with a dielectric sensing element. Radio frequency (RF) and local oscillator (LO) submillimeter waves are generated by two frequency multiplier chains, respectively. Two back-to-back identical differential side-coupled directive couplers are proposed to separate the incident and reflected signals and couple them to mixers. Both transmission line and coplanar stripline transducers are proposed and integrated with reflectometer to investigate the sensitivity of dielectric sensors. The latter leads to a larger power variation of the reflectometer by providing more sufficient operating bands for the magnitude and phase slope of S11 . The readout of the transducers upon exposure to liquids is performed by the measurement of their reflected signals using two external excitation sources. The experimental dielectric sensing is demonstrated by using binary methanol–ethanol mixture placed on the proposed on-chip dielectric sensor in the assembled printed circuit board. It enables a maximum 8 dB of the power difference between the incident and reflected channels on the measurement of liquid solvents. Both chips occupy an area of 4.03 mm 2 and consume 560 mW. Along with a wide operational frequency range from 200 to 240 GHz, this simplified one-port-VNA-based on-chip device makes it feasible for the use of handle product and suitable for the submillimeter-wave dielectric spectroscopy applications

Dual-Band Transmitter and Receiver With Bowtie-Antenna in 0.13 μm SiGe BiCMOS for Gas Spectroscopy at 222 - 270 GHz

This paper presents a transmitter (TX) and a receiver (RX) with bowtie-antenna and silicon lens for gas spectroscopy at 222-270 GHz, which are fabricated in IHP's 0.13 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology. The TX and RX use two integrated local oscillators for 222 - 256 GHz and 250 - 270 GHz, which are switched for dual-band operation. Due to its directivity of about 27 dBi, the single integrated bowtie-antenna with silicon lens enables an EIRP of about 25 dBm for the TX, and therefore a considerably higher EIRP for the 2-band TX compared to previously reported systems. The double sideband noise temperature of the RX is 20,000 K (18.5 dB noise figure) as measured by the Y-factor method. Absorption spectroscopy of gaseous methanol is used as a measure for the performance of the gas spectroscopy system with TX- and RX-modules

Survival of Inflammatory Breast Cancer Patients Compared to Non‐inflammatory Breast Cancer Patients in Egypt

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/86964/1/j.1524-4741.2011.01146.x.pd

Impact of Anisakis pegreffi Infection on Gonadal Health and Gonadosomatic Index of European Hake (Merluccius merluccius)

Parameters belonging to the physical status and gonadal size of certain fish provide crucial information for assessing both the productivity and fecundity of declining fish populations. These parameters are vulnerable to the negative impacts of disease agents such as internal or systemic parasites. Although parasitic diseases might influence these parameters, the literature investigating these pathophysiological alterations is scanty. Therefore, the current study represents one of the scarcest studies that document the possible link between parasitism, gonadal health, and the growth of European hake (Merluccius merluccius). Screening of imported European halves indicated a relatively high prevalence of Anisakis pegreffi Larvae 3 infestation, with an 80% prevalence rate, a mean intensity of 24.4, and a mean abundance of 19.5. However, the prevalence of Anisakid larvae infection in native fish was 36% with a mean intensity of 7.36 and mean abundance of 2.65.The current research revealed remarkable ovarian pathology that involved several forms of degenerative changes in ovarian tissues. Such gonadal pathologies were attributed to the damaging effect of the retrieved Anisakis pegreffi Larvae 3. Gonadosomatic index of both heavily infected imported / native hakes was relatively impacted by the progressive gonadal pathology resulting from Anisakis pegreffi L3 infection. Morphometric measurements of the gonads and body have revealed that, gonadosomatic index of both heavily infected imported / native hakes was relatively impacted by the progressive gonadal pathology resulting from Anisakis pegreffi L3 infection

Vollintegrierter 240 GHz Sender und Empfänger für Kommunikation mit hoher Datenrate

The need for higher data rate wireless communication is increasing rapidly for different kind of applications. Hence the utilization of the wide and unallocated band above 200 GHz opens a lot of opportunities to serve these applications. This work presents the design, implementation and demonstration of fully integrated transmitter and receiver circuits for wireless communication at 240 GHz carrier frequency. A frequency multiplier-by-8 chain is presented, capable of delivering up to 0 dBm across a bandwidth of 40 GHz. In order to further utilize the multiplier chain as a high power signal source, a four-way zero-degree power amplifier is implemented delivering a record saturated output power of +13.5 dBm across a 3-dB bandwidth of 55 GHz. Direct conversion coherent transmitter and receiver chips are designed and integrated with on-chip antennas. A wideband receiver with DC offsetcancellation loop is designed achieving a 3-dB bandwidth of 55 GHz. A wideband transmitter is also presented with a 3-dB bandwidth of 35 GHz. Consequently, a wireless demonstration experiment is conducted that shows a wireless data transmission of 25 Gb/s with a BPSK modulation scheme. Toward an application oriented implementation for mobile communication, an analog frequency-interleaving transmitter and receiver circuits are designed to aggregate three independent IQ baseband channels with individual bandwidth of 2.5 GHz. The full system is then demonstrated through a back-to-back and wireless communication experiments for the frequency-interleaving circuits together with the front-ends for the first time at 240 GHz.Der Bedarf verschiedenster Anwendungen mit immer höheren Datenraten steigt rapide an. Freie verfügbare Frequenzen mit hoher Bandbreite sind bei über 200 GHz vorhanden und bieten viele Möglichkeiten, um diesen Bedarf zu decken. Diese Arbeit beinhaltet das Design, die Implementierung und die Demonstration von integrierten Schaltungen für drahtlose Sender und Empfänger mit einer Trägerfrequenz von 240GHz. Es wird ein Frequenz-Verachtfacher bestehend aus einer Kette von Frequenzmultiplizierern vorgestellt, der eine Ausgangsleistung bis zu 0 dBm über eine Bandbreite von 40 GHz liefern kann. Um die Kette aus Frequenzmultiplizierern auch als Hochleistungsquelle zu verwenden, wurde ein Vierwege-Null-Grad-Leistungsverstärker implementiert, der mit einer Ausgangsleistung von +13.5 dBm in Sättigung einen Rekordwert liefert. Direktmischempfängern und sendern mit integrierten Antennen werden vorgestellt. Es wurde ein Breitbandempfänger mit einer Regelschleife zum Entfernen des DC-Anteils und einer 3-dB Bandbreite von 55 GHz entworfen sowie ein Breitbandsender mit einer 3-dB Bandbreite von 35 GHz. Darauf folgend wurde ein Experiment zur Funkübertragung durchgeführt, dass eine Übertragung mit 25Gb/s unter Verwendung von BPSK Modulation zeigt. Mit Hinblick auf eine Implementierung im Mobilfunk wurden ein Sender und Empfänger für analoges Frequenz-Interleaving entwickelt, die drei unabhängige IQ-Basisband-Kanäle verwenden, die eine Bandbreite von je 2.5 GHz aufweisen. Das vollständige System aus Frequenz-Interleaving-Schaltkreisen und den 240 GHz Front-Ends wurde durch ein Back-to-Back-Experiment sowie eine Funkübertragung verifiziert

GENERATION OF NANOSECOND OPTICAL PULSES WITH CONTROLLED REPETITION RATE USING IN-CAVITY INTENSITY MODULATED BRILLOUIN ERBIUM FIBER LASER

1550 nm band, with in-cavity intensity modulation is demonstrated. The output of the laser is in the form of nanosecond pulses. The longitudinal mode separation is increased, which results in both reducing the number of oscillation modes and, at the same time, changing the output pulses repetition rate to be multiples of the round trip cavity frequency. It is also demonstrated that the number of modes is greatly reduced by the combination of active mode locking and the group velocity dispersion arising from the change in the refractive index at each mode due to the change in its gain within the Brillouin gain bandwidth. A case of a quasi single mode is reached where the output is nearly CW with very low sinusoidal modulation index. 1

Effect of Garlic and Coriander Essential Oils on Quality Parameters of Oreochromis niloticus Fillets

The study was assumed to verify the effect of garlic and coriander essential oils on quality parameters of fish. Deteriorative changes of fish could be occurred directly after catching, thus Seventy-five Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus) (150 fillet samples) were divided into five groups, with the control group being dipped in sterile distilled water, the second and third groups being dipped in garlic essential oil (GEO) 1% (w/v) and 2%, and the fourth and fifth groups being dipped in coriander essential oil (CEO) 1% (w/v) and 2%, respectively. On the sixth day of storage, the sensory analysis revealed that all treated groups were considerably (P  <0.05) greater than the control. The initial pH value for all group were 6.02 ± 0.01 while on the 6th day of chilling was 6.48 ± 0.02, 6.24 ± 0.04, 6.13 ± 0.03, 6.31 ± 0.01, and 6.19 ± 0.04 in control, GEO 1%, GEO 2%, CEO 1% and CEO 2%, respectively. The Trimethylamine (TMA-N) mean values on the 6th  day were 10.16± 0.21 , 6.11 ± 0.14, 3.91 ± 0.10, 7.12 ± 0.12, and 4.26 ± 0.14 mg N/100 g in control GEO 1%, GEO 2%, CEO 1% and CEO 2%, respectively. On the third and sixth days of storage, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) in the control group was substantially greater than in the treatment groups (p < 0.05). The initial counts of Staphylococcus were 5.24 ± 0.32 log10 CFU/g in the control and were reduced to 4.02 ± 0.18, 3.22 ± 0.13, 4.13 ± 0.16 and 3.35 ± 0.18 log10 CFU/g in GEO 1%, GEO 2%, CEO 1% and CEO 2%, respectively on the 6th day of chilling. The pseudomonas counts significantly reduced (p < 0.05) on the 3rd and 6th day of chilling in all treated groups in comparison with the control group. Therefore, Garlic and coriander essential oils have the ability to enhance sensory, delay spoilage parameters, reduce bacterial load in cold stored O. niloticus fillet in addition to prolong the shelf life.