Energy depth distribution of pulsed electron beam of wide electron kinetic energy spectrum for an aluminum target

Knowledges of pulsed electron beam characteristics is necessary for use it for scientific and practice applications. Current work analyses the pulsed electron beam extracted from the vacuum diode through a titanium foil (60 mkm) of the diode exit window. Electron beam energy depth distribution was measured for a target made of different number of aluminum foils. A pulsed electron beam with a wide range of kinetic energies was generated by the ASTRA-M accelerator (260 kV of accelerating voltage, up to 1 kA of beam current, 150 ns of beam pulse duration at FWHM). A calorimeter of total absorption and Faraday cup were used to measure beam characteristics. Calorimeter included two collectors: first one measures a beam energy after aluminum foils, and the second one measures a total beam energy. All measurements were performed at 10-5 Torr background pressure after the exit window foil. As a result, the electron kinetic energy spectrum of the beam out of diode has been reconstructed

PIN-diode diagnostics of pulsed electron beam for high repetition rate mode

This work describes the operating principle and test results of the diagnostics for measuring the pulsed electron beam parameters under repetitive operation mode. The diagnostics is based on a PIN-diode, which is used as a bremsstrahlung detector. The signal from a PIN-diode was converted to a pseudo constant voltage signal which can be measured by a conventional voltmeter. Then the signal acquired by the voltmeter was compared with a reference signal indicating the normal operating regime of the accelerator, thus information about the shot-to-shot reproducibility of the electron beam parameters was given. The system was developed and tested for the ASTRA-M accelerator with the following operating parameters: 470 kV accelerating voltage, 120 ns beam duration and up to 50 pulses per second repetition rate

Investigation of the effect of condensed phase on the energy conditions for the initiation of the plasma-chemical process of flue gas cleaning by a pulsed electron beam

This work investigates the processes of dissipation of the charge and energy of a pulsed electron beam in gas compositions (nitrogen, carbon dioxide and oxygen) in the presence of ammonium sulphate and nitrate. A pulsed electron beam generated by the TEA500 accelerator (Tomsk, Russia) with an electron energy of up to 410 keV, a beam current of up to 5 kA (I0), and a half-amplitude voltage pulse duration of 60 ns was injected into a 46 cm long drift chamber filled with a gas mixture. The pulsed electron beam current (IF?) passing through the drift chamber was registered using a sectioned calorimeter with beam charge monitor function, and the efficiency of the current passage of the beam was determined as the ratio qF?/q0, where q0 is the beam charge measured at the place of its injection into the chamber drift. The pressure in the drift chamber varied (375, 560 and 760 Torr, humidity value 15% ± 5% and 50% ± 5%). The geometric dimensions of the plasma-chemical reactor for initiating plasma-chemical reactions of flue gas cleaning were determined

Optimization of Transmission X-ray Target for Intense Pulsed Electron Beam Accelerators

X-ray sources based on pulsed electron accelerators stimulate the development of bremsstrahlung converter designs. The numerical optimization of transmission-type X-ray targets for maximum X-ray output by pulsed electron beams was carried out in the present work. The targets featured a combination of a heavy element (tungsten or molybdenum) X-ray conversion layer and a titanium membrane that served as the vacuum window, thermal shielding for converter heat, and an electron dump. The energy spectrum of the electron beam generated via explosive emission was analyzed via the space-charge effect, and was utilized for the source sampling algorithm for electron transportation simulation with a Monte Carlo method for X-ray emission analysis. It was revealed that the transmission photon intensity of a mono-material target is primarily affected by the thickness of the target, and there exists an optimal target thickness within which the photon fluence is restricted by insufficient electron stopping; when exceeded, the extra thickness of the X-ray converter target imposes absorption and attenuates the generated X-ray. Analysis on dual-layer targets proved that this optimized converter target thickness, combined with a proper titanium window, produces the highest X-ray photon emissions