Relations Between Some Exogenous Factors and Anthropometric Factors of Growth and Development of Male Children and Youngsters in the Tuzla Region, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Dynamics of growth of male children and youths from the Region of Tuzla influenced by some exogenous factors was researched by a corresponding analysis of the sample which included 751 tested individuals, aged from 11 to 17 years. The analysis performed is primarily based on the scientific elaboration of the registered state in two timepoints (1996 and 1999) in the tested part of broader population. This research involved the period of four-year aggression on Bosnia and Herzegovina, taking into consideration the fact that the tested persons spent one period of their growth and development in extremely bad wartime living conditions. By quasicanonic correlative analysis it was established that the next factors participated in connection of variables of both sets (initial and final measurements): mother’s standard, total mother’s and father’s standard of living, mother’s age and sequence of births participated to some less extent in connection of both sets of variables. Anthropometric variables that had most significant impact of both sets of variables are: length parameters, body mass, width parameters, circumferences had somewhat less impact, while indexes of head and sitting height had the least impact on this connection

Analysis of lipid status, body mass index and waist-hip ratio in post-menopausal women

Introduction: Menopause is the absence of menses in the period longer that one year. It is widely accepted that menopause leads to changes in hormonal status, metabolism and lipid profi le. The aim of this study was to analyze the infl uence of menopause on the concentrations of lipids, lipoproteins and also the influence of body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) on lipid profi le in post-menopausal women. Methods: Sixty post-menopausal women of average age of 52.82 years were compared to a group of 34 pre-menopausal women average age of 47.92 years. Results: Post-menopausal women had higher, but non signifi cant (p>0.05) concentrations of total cholesterol, very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL) and triglycerides than pre-menopausal women. The concentration of high density lipoproteins (HDL) was significantly lower in post-menopausal women than pre-menopausal (p<0.05). The concentration of apolipoprotein B was also signifi cantly higher in post-menopausal women (p<0.05), but the concentrations of apolipoprotein and lipoprotein (a) were lower but without signifi cance (p>0.05). There was no difference between body mass index (BMI) and waste-hip ratio (WHR), but the WHR has shown as a signifi cant predictor of the LDL and cholesterol concentrations in post-menopausal women. Conclusion: We can conclude that menopause leads to changes in lipid profi le by lowering of HDL and increasing the levels of apolipoprotein B, that increases the risk for cardiovascular disease. The WHR is the signifi cant predictor of cardiovascular risk in post-menopausal women

SEASONAL CHANGES IN THE ACTIVITY OF SOME ENZYMES IN THE SERUM OF BOSNIAN MOUNTAIN HORSE (EQUUS CABALLUS L.)

We investigated the activity of enzymes (AST, ALT, CK, LDH, ALP and GGT) in serum of the bosnian mountain horse Equus caballus L. during spring and autumn. Enzyme activities were determined spectrophotometrically. Based on the results, have been identified a significant changes of the investigated enzymes. In the autumn period, there was a statistically significant increase in enzyme activity (p &lt;0.05), which is characteristic of both males and females. We analyzed gender differences and found a significantly higher enzyme activity in serum of females compared to males. Enzymatic activity of LDH and CK showed significant variation resulting from seasonal changes and individual differences, while the enzymatic activity of GGT and ALP shows no significant seasonal changes in the serum of the studied species. <br /> <br />Key words: enzyme activity, seasonal changes, Bosnian mountain hors

GLUCOSE AND TOTAL PROTEIN LEVEL IN LABORATORY RATS UNDER CONDITIONS OF SHORT-TERM FASTING

Glucose level (UV enzymatic method) and total protein level (Biuret method) were measured in the blood samples of the rats exposed to short-term starvation. We found a statistically significant increase in the glucose level in experimental animals during starvation, which is also evident in males and females in the experimental group (p &lt;0.05), while decrease in the total protein level was not statistically significant. During starvation, more significant weight loss was observed in females compared to males.Key words: glucose, total protein, serum, Rattus</p

EFFECTS OF HYPERTHERMIA ON BLOOD SERUM GLUCOSE LEVEL AND HAEMOGRAM IN RATS (Rattus norvegicus)

<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;" class="MsoNormal"><span lang="BS-LATN-BA" style="line-height: 110%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: BS-LATN-BA;">We investigated the impact of short-term experimental hyperthermia on glucose and haemogram in rats <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Rattus norvegicus</em> (Wistar strain). The blood used for the analysis was obtained by the method of direct puncture of the heart. We analyzed the biochemical (glucose) and haematological parameters (RBC, WBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and haematological indices). The effect of short-term hyperthermia leads to a statistically significant increase of the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes and glucose concentration, whereas<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>statistically significant reduction in hemoglobin concentration and hematological indices is evident.</span></p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;" class="MsoNormal"><span lang="BS-LATN-BA" style="line-height: 110%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: BS-LATN-BA;"> </span></p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;" class="MsoNormal"><span lang="BS-LATN-BA" style="line-height: 110%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: BS-LATN-BA;">Key words: hyperthermia, haemogram, glucose concentration</span></p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span

BIOCHEMICAL STATUS OF BLOOD SERUM OF RAINBOW TROUT Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) UNDER DIFFERENT KEEPING AND FEEDING CONDITIONS

We analyzed the blood serum of the rainbow trout in relation to various physico-chemical properties of water and diet composition. Fish were reared in two ponds that were supplied by water from different sources. The identified differences in the biochemical parameters are caused by different environmental factors in ponds and different feed composition. Low oxygen values caused by different temperatures is a key stress factor of the noted differences. Statistically significant differences are noted for AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (alanine aminotransferase), triglycerides, urea and iron (0.00). <br />Evident were also different mineral concentrations of Ca and P (0.05) as well as glucose and cholesterol (0.05)

DIFFERENTIAL BLOOD COUNT OF TENCH Tinca tinca (Linnaeus, 1758) IN CONDITIONS OF THERMAL STRESS

Defining the physiological feature provides an understanding of functional adaptation of species to its ecological niche as well as the various forms of stress factors. This paper gives an overview of changes in certain forms of leukocytes (WBC differential) under the influence of thermal stress (increased temperature). In our experiment, we used 46 specimens of tench (Tinca tinca) fished in the Jablanica Lake reservoir. Specimens had previously been adapted in specially prepared tanks for 20 days.  The control group of animals (16) was exposed to constant water temperature of 10 0C, while in the treated groups (30), the water temperature was gradually risen to 28 0C and, as such, held for 30 minutes. All specimens were aged 2+ and 3+.It was found that the thermal regime change causes adaptive response of tench specimens by increasing the number of neutrophils and pseudoeosinophils but reduction in the number of lymphocytes. Observed were statistically significant differences in the number of segmented granulocytes, pseudoeosinophils and lymphocytes between the control and the experimental group. However, a significantly higher number of segmented granulocytes and pseudoeosinophils was at the experimental group, while in the control group a number of lymphocytes was significantly higher compared with the experimental group. Neither form of leukocytes showed any significant difference between males and females of the experimental group. It is interesting to note that among individuals from both the control and experimental group, eosinophils and monocytes were rarely noticed, while basophils were not found at all. Key words: thermal stress, tench, Tinca tinca, pseudoeosinophil

EFFECT OF HYPERTHERMIA ON DIFFERENTIAL BLOOD CELL COUNT IN RATS (Rattus norvegicus)

<p>We investigated the impact of short-term experimental hyperthermia on differential blood cell count in rats Rattus norvegicus (male and female Wistar strain). The blood used for the analysis was obtained by the method of direct puncture of the heart. We analyzed the forms of leukocytes (granulocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes). The effect of short-term hyperthermia is statistically significant increase in lymphocyte count, and decrease in monocyte count. The changes in other leukocyte count are not statistically significant.</p><p>Key words: hyperthermia, differential blood cell count</p