Quantitative Distribution of DNA, RNA, Histone and Proteins Other than Histone in Mammalian Cells, Nuclei and a Chromosome at High Resolution Observed by Scanning Transmission Soft X-Ray Microscopy (STXM)

Soft X-ray microscopy was applied to study the quantitative distribution of DNA, RNA, histone, and proteins other than histone (represented by BSA) in mammalian cells, apoptotic nuclei, and a chromosome at spatial resolutions of 100 to 400 nm. The relative distribution of closely related molecules, such as DNA and RNA, was discriminated by the singular value decomposition (SVD) method using aXis2000 software. Quantities of nucleic acids and proteins were evaluated using characteristic absorption properties due to the 1s⁻π * transition of N=C in nucleic acids and amide in proteins, respectively, in the absorption spectra at the nitrogen K absorption edge. The results showed that DNA and histone were located in the nucleus. By contrast, RNA was clearly discriminated and found mainly in the cytoplasm. Interestingly, in a chromosome image, DNA and histone were found in the center, surrounded by RNA and proteins other than histone. The amount of DNA in the chromosome was estimated to be 0.73 pg, and the content of RNA, histone, and proteins other than histone, relative to DNA, was 0.48, 0.28, and 4.04, respectively. The method we present in this study could be a powerful approach for the quantitative molecular mapping of biological samples at high resolution

Observation of Water-Window Soft X-Ray Emission from Laser-Produced Au Plasma Under Vacuum at Various Laser Parameters

We want to provide the scientific community with a new soft x-ray microscope (SXRM), that: Provides 50 nm spatial resolution, Is powered by a commercial laser and Comes at convinient tabletop size. To realize such a system, a bright short-pulsed soft x-ray source must be developed.The 11th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA 2019

Electron temperature and soft x-ray intensity scaling in laser heavy element plasma interaction

We achieved a relative optically thin state in laser-produced heavy element plasmas at determined electron temperatures, which has been predicted by the power balance and the collisional-radiative models. We also mapped the power-loss processes in sub-ns and ns laser-produced high-Z plasmas. The electron temperature evaluation was in good agreement with the power balance model and was supported by the spectral analysis. The output flux in the soft x-ray region was stronger at higher critical density

Observation of keV X-ray emitted from laser produced Au plasmas by using a crystal spectrometer

X-ray emitted by a laser generated plasma has various applications. Serious issue to be solved is thatthe energy conversion e?ciency from the laser to X-ray is quite low. Recently, it was found that the X-ray emitted by the laser produced Auplasma increases under nitrogen atmospheres. In particular, the intensity of the water window soft X-ray (2.4-4.4 nm) increases approximately ten times. In order to elucidate this enhancement mechanism of X-ray, we have measured soft X-ray spectra from Au plasma in the wavelength of 1-7 nm so far. Recently, we fabricated a TAP crystal spectrometer to observe the photons over 1 keV region (1.0-1.9 eV), which provides useful information of plasma temperature. As a detector, an imaging plate(IP) was used. Titanium ?lters was also used to block out-of-band emission. As a result, continuum spectra attributed unresolved transition arrays (UTAs) was observed from the Au laser plasma. This spectral profile was compared with the Star2D hydrodynamic code.DPP19 Meeting of The American Physical Societ