43,356 research outputs found
Collisional deexcitation of exotic hydrogen atoms in highly excited states. II. Cascade calculations
The atomic cascades in mu-p and pbar-p atoms have been studied in detail
using new results for the cross-sections of the scattering of highly excited
exotic atoms from molecular hydrogen. The cascade calculations have been done
with an updated version of the extended standard cascade model that computes
the evolution in the kinetic energy from the beginning of the cascade. The
resulting X-ray yields, kinetic energy distributions, and cascade times are
compared with the experimental data.Comment: 13 pages, 23 figure
Collisional deexcitation of exotic hydrogen atoms in highly excited states. I. Cross-sections
The deexcitation of exotic hydrogen atoms in highly excited states in
collisions with hydrogen molecules has been studied using the
classical-trajectory Monte Carlo method. The Coulomb transitions with large
change of principal quantum number n have been found to be the dominant
collisional deexcitation mechanism at high n. The molecular structure of the
hydrogen target is shown to be essential for the dominance of transitions with
large \Delta n. The external Auger effect has been studied in the eikonal
approximation. The resulting partial wave cross-sections are consistent with
unitarity and provide a more reliable input for cascade calculations than the
previously used Born approximation.Comment: 10 pages, 20 figure
Charge-transfer photodissociation of adsorbed molecules via electron image states
The 248nm and 193nm photodissociation of submonolayer quantities of CHBr
and CHI adsorbed on thin layers of n-hexane indicate that the dissociation
is caused by dissociative electron attachment from sub-vacuum level
photoelectrons created in the copper substrate. The characteristics of this
photodissociation-- translation energy distributions and coverage dependences
show that the dissociation is mediated by an image potential state which
temporarily traps the photoelectrons near the n-hexane--vacuum interface, and
then the charge transfers from this image state to the affinity level of a
co-adsorbed halomethane which then dissociates.Comment: submitted to Journal of Chemical Physic
Strategic management of nitrogen within an organic cropping system using digestate from biogas production of recirculated crop residues
This project investigates strategic management of nitrogen by integrating crop residue management with biogas production. The approach offers potential for diversified farmer income, as food crops, feedstock for biogas and digestate for nutrient cycling are produced simultaneously. This type of diversification provides multifunctional solutions in organic farming, especially in production without access to animal manure. Biogas production from crop residues offers the possibility of reducing both emissions and leaching of nutrients to the surrounding ecosystems, as compared to the case where crop residue is incorporated into the soil for decomposition (Baggs et al. 2000; Velthof et al. 2002). This type of multifunctional cropping system provides solutions that can also help to solve issues on conventional farms, such as N emissions, and can also provide local production of biogas
A solvable non-conservative model of Self-Organized Criticality
We present the first solvable non-conservative sandpile-like critical model
of Self-Organized Criticality (SOC), and thereby substantiate the suggestion by
Vespignani and Zapperi [A. Vespignani and S. Zapperi, Phys. Rev. E 57, 6345
(1998)] that a lack of conservation in the microscopic dynamics of an SOC-model
can be compensated by introducing an external drive and thereby re-establishing
criticality. The model shown is critical for all values of the conservation
parameter. The analytical derivation follows the lines of Broeker and
Grassberger [H.-M. Broeker and P. Grassberger, Phys. Rev. E 56, 3944 (1997)]
and is supported by numerical simulation. In the limit of vanishing
conservation the Random Neighbor Forest Fire Model (R-FFM) is recovered.Comment: 4 pages in RevTeX format (2 Figures) submitted to PR
Comparison of the Effective Interaction to Various Orders in Different Mass Regions
The convergence of the perturbation expansion for the effective interaction
to be used in shell-model calculations is investigated as function of the mass
number , from to . As the mass number increases, there are more
intermediate states to sum over in each higher-order diagram which contributes
to the effective interaction. Together with the fact that the energy
denominators in each diagram are smaller for larger mass numbers, these two
effects could largely enhance higher-order contributions to the effective
interaction, thereby deteriorating the order-by-order convergence of the
effective interaction. This effect is counterbalanced by the short range of the
nucleon-nucleon interaction, which implies that its matrix elements are weaker
for valence single-particle states in ``large'' nuclei with large mass number
as compared to those in light nuclei. These effects are examined by comparing
various mean values of the matrix elements. It turns out that the contributions
from higher-order terms remain fairly stable as the mass number increases from
to . The implications for nuclear structure calculations are
discussed.Comment: Revtex, 20 pages, 1 figure not include
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